Îãòîðãóé äàõü âåêòîð

Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí àâòî çàìûí ñ¿ëæýýíèé эõëýëèéí (0,0) öýãýýñ àéìãóóä õýäýí êì зàéä àëü
÷èãëýëä áàéðëàõûã 1-ð çóðàã äýýð õàðóóëæýý.

×èãëýëòýé õýð÷ìèéã âåêòîð ãýíý

Âåêòîðûг a⃗ , b⃗ , ⃗d , ⃗c , ãýõ ìýò÷èëýí ëàòèí öàãààí òîëãîéí æèæèã

¿ñãýí äýýð ñóì òàâüæ òýìäýãëýäýã áà À öýãò ýõëýëòýé Â öýãò
òºãñãºëòýé âåêòîðûã À ãýæ áè÷íý. Жèøýý 1

Çóðàã äýýðõ ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí

ÀÂ,DC,EF,HG èðìýã¿¿ä тýíö¿¿ óðòòàé
áºãººä èæèë ÷èãëýëòýé ó÷èð

a. = = =

AB ⃗
⃗ DC ⃗
EF ⃗
HG

AE áà ⃗
b. Õàðèí ⃗ FB âåêòîðóóä áîëíî.

Áèä 9-ð àíãèäàà âåêòîðóóäûã íýìýõ, âåêòîðûã òîîãîîð ¿ðæ¿¿ëýõ, âåêòîðóóäûí ñêàëÿð ¿ðæâýð ãýñýí
ãóðâàí ¿éëäýëòýé òàíèëöñàí áèëýý. Ýäãýýð ¿éëäë¿¿äèéí ÷àíàððóóä îãòîðãóéä ìºí áèåëíý.

 Âåêòîðûã íýìýõ ¿éëäëèéí ÷àíàðóóä:

Äóðûí a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ âåêòîðóóäûí õóâüä
1. a⃗ + ⃗b=b⃗ +a⃗ (áàéð ñîëèõ õóóëü)
2. ( a⃗ + ⃗b ) + c⃗ =⃗a +( b⃗ +⃗c ) (á¿ëýãëýõ õóóëü)
3. a⃗ + ⃗o=⃗a (òýã âåêòîðûã øèíãýýõ õóóëü)
 Âåêòîðûã òîîãîîð ¿ðæ¿¿ëýõ ¿éëäëèéí ÷àíàðóóä: a⃗ , b⃗ , äóðûí âåêòîðóóä, x,y íü äóðûí áîäèò òîî áàéã.
1. (xy)a⃗ =x (⃗
ya) (á¿ëýãëýõ õóóëü)
2. (x+y)a⃗ =⃗
xa+⃗
ya (õààëò íýýõ I õóóëü)
3. (x+y)a⃗ =⃗
xa+⃗
ya (õààëò íýýõ II õóóëü)
4. x∙ ⃗o =⃗o ∙ x =⃗o
 Âåêòîðûí ñêàëÿð ¿ðæâýðèéí ÷àíàðóóä:
a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ íü âåêòîðóóä μ íü áîäèò òîî áîë:
 1. a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =⃗b ∙ ⃗a áàéð ñýëãýõ õóóëü
2. a⃗ ∙ ( b+c )=⃗a ∙ b⃗ + ⃗a ∙ ⃗c ãèø¿¿í÷ëýí ¿ðæ¿¿ëýõ õóóëü
3. ( μa ) ∙ b⃗ =μ ( ⃗a ∙ ⃗b )=⃗a ∙( μ b⃗ ) á¿ëýãëýõ õóóëü
4. 0⃗ ∙ ⃗a= ⃗0
5. a⃗ ∙ ⃗a =¿ ⃗a∨¿ 2

Õàâòãàé äýýõ âåêòîðóóäûã íýìýõ ïàðàëëåëîãðàììûí ä¿ðìèéã

îãòîðãóéä äàðààõ áàéäëààð ºðãºòãºäºã.

Íýã öýã äýýõ ýõòýé 3 âåêòîðûí íèéëáýð íü óã 3 âåêòîðîîð ¿¿ñýõ

ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí äèàãîíàëü âåêòîð áàéíà.¯¿íèéã âåêòîðûã íýìýõ
ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí ä¿ðýì ãýíý.

OF =a⃗ + ⃗b + c⃗
⃗

2-ð æèøýý

AB =a⃗ , ⃗
Çóðàã äýýõ ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäýä ⃗ AD= b⃗ , ⃗
AE = c⃗ ãýæ òýìäýãëýâ. ⃗
AC ⃗
AG ⃗
DF âåêòîðóóäûã a,b,c
âåêòîðóóäûí èëýðõèéë.

 Âåêòîðûã íýìýõ ãóðâàëæíû áà ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí ä¿ðì¿¿äèéã àøèãëàâàë:

AC =⃗
⃗ AB+ ⃗
BC =a⃗ + ⃗b AB=⃗
ýíä (⃗ BC )
AG=⃗
⃗ AB+ ⃗
BC+ ⃗CG=a⃗ + ⃗b + c⃗
DF =⃗
⃗ DC +⃗
CB +⃗
BF =a⃗ −⃗b + ⃗c CB=− ⃗b)
ýíä (⃗

3-ð æèøýý
ABCD òåòðàýäðèéí AB,AD,DC,BC èðìýã¿¿äèéí

BD=a⃗ ⃗
Äóíäàæ öýã¿¿ä íü õàðãàëçàí M,N,P,Q áîëíî. ⃗ CA =b⃗ ãýâýë

MN ,⃗
⃗ PQ,⃗
PN ,⃗
MQ âåêòîðóóäûã a⃗ áà b⃗ âåêòîðóóäààð èëýðõèéë /53-ð çóðàã/

BD ↑ ↑⃗
a. ⃗ MN áà MN õýð÷èì íü BAD ãóðâàëæíû õóüä äóíäàæ øóãàì
1 1
MN = ⃗
òóë ⃗ BD = ⃗a
2 2
PQ ↑ ↓ ⃗
b. ⃗ BD áºãººä BDC ãóðâàëæíû äóíäàæ
−1 ⃗ −1
PQ=
øóãàì áîëîõ òóë ⃗ BD= ⃗a
2 2
PN ↑ ↑ ⃗
c. ⃗ CA áà ADC ãóðâàëæíû äóíäàæ
1 1
PN = ⃗
øóãàì òóë ⃗ CA = ⃗b
2 2
−1 ⃗ −1 ⃗
MQ=
CA òóë ⃗
MQ ↑↓ ⃗
d. ⃗ CA= b
2 2

Äàñãàë áîäëîãî

54-ð çóðàã äýýðõ ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí õóâüä

AE ⃗
¹95. ⃗ AF âåêòîðóóäòàé òýíö¿¿ âåêòîðóóäûã

íýðëý.

AB=a⃗ , ⃗
¹96. 54-ð çóðàã äýýðýýñ ⃗ AD=b⃗ , ⃗
AE=c⃗

âåêòîðóóäààð äàðààõ âåêòîðóóäûã èëýðõèéë

¹97. ABCD òåòðàýäðèéí AC,BC,CD, òàëóóäûí äóíäæèéã õàðãàëçàí M,N,K,

ãýå. AB=3; BC=4; BD=5 áîë äàðààõ âåêòîðóóäûí óðòûã îë

¹98. ABCD A1B1C1D1 òýãø ºíöºãò ïàðàëëåëîïèïåäèéí èðìýã¿¿ä

AD=8; AB=9; AA1=12 áîë

CC 1; ⃗
a. ⃗ CB ; ⃗
CD
DC 1; ⃗
b. ⃗ DB ⃗
DB1 âåêòîðóóäûí óðòûã òóñ òóñ îë
¹99. 55-ð çóðàã äýýð ABCD, A1B1C1D1 ïàðàëëåëî

ïèïåäèéã ä¿ðñýëñýí áà Ì, Ê öýã¿¿ä íü

õàðãàëçàí B1C1; A1D1 èðìýã¿¿äèéí äóíäàæ

öýã¿¿ä áîë

a. Èæèë ÷èãëýëòýé
b. Ýñðýã ÷èãëýëòýé
c. Òýíö¿¿ âåêòîðóóäûã òóñ òóñ çàà

¹100. 55-ð çóðàã äýýðýýñ äàðààõ íºõöë¿¿äèéã õàíãàõ

âåêòîðóóäûã íýðëý

DD 1-òýé òýíö¿¿
a. Ñ äýýð ýõòýé ⃗
CM 1-òýé òýíö¿¿
b. D äýýð ýõòýé ⃗
AC -òýé òýíö¿¿
c. A1 äýýð ýõòýé ⃗
CB -òýé òýíö¿¿
d. C1 äýýð ýõòýé ⃗

¹101. 55-ð çóðàã äýýðýýñ äàðààõ íèéëáýð¿¿äòýé òýíö¿¿ âåêòîðûã çàà

AB+⃗
a. ⃗ A 1D1
AB+⃗
b. ⃗ AD1
DA +⃗
c. ⃗ B1 B
DD 1+⃗
d. ⃗ DB
DB1+⃗
e. ⃗ BC

¹102. Îòãîðãóéä A,B,C,D äºðâºí öýã ºãºâ.

AB+ ⃗
a. (⃗ CA+⃗
DC)+(⃗
BC +⃗
CD)
AB+ ⃗
b. (⃗ AC)+⃗
DC íèéëáýð âåêòîðóóäûã îë

C 1 D 1=a⃗ ⃗
¹103. ABCD A1B1C1D1 ïàðàëëåëîïèïåä ⃗ BA 1=b⃗ ⃗
AD=c⃗ ãýå

a. a⃗ - b⃗
b. a⃗ - c⃗
 c. b⃗ – a⃗
d. c⃗ - b⃗
e. c⃗ - a⃗

⃗ âåêòîðûí ýõëýë,
¹104. ABCD A1B1C1D1 ïàðàëëåëîïèïåä ºãºâ. Äàðààõ íºõöëèéã õàíãàõ ❑
òºãñãºëèéí öýãèéã çààíà.

D1 ⃗
DC + ⃗
a. ⃗ A1 + ⃗
CD 1 + ⃗x + ⃗
A1 ⃗
C1 = ⃗
DC
a. ⃗ D 1B + ⃗
DA + ⃗x + ⃗ AD 1 + ⃗
BA = ⃗
DC

Îãòîðãóéí âåêòîð áà êîîðäèíàò

Õàâòãàéí âåêòîð õîñ áîäèò òîîãîîð òîäîðõîéëîãääîã áîë îãòîðãóéí âåêòîð ãóðâàí áîäèò òîîãîîð (êîîðäèíàòààð)
èëýðõèéëääýã.

OA - âåêòîðûã ðàäèóñ âåêòîð

Êîîðäèíàòûí ýõ 0(0;0;0) öýã äýýð ýõëýëòýé A(a 1;a2;a3) öýã äýýð òºãñãºëòýé ⃗
OA âåêòîðûã êîîðäèíàò ãýýä ⃗
ãýõ áà (a1;a2;a3) èéã ⃗ OA =(a1;a2;a3)=a⃗ ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. Èéìä îãòîðãóéí
M(x;y;z) öýãòýé òºãñºëòýé ðàäèóñ âåêòîðûí êîîðäèíàò M öýãèéí êîîðäèíàòààð èëýðõèéëýãäýíý. ªºðººð
a=¿ ¿(x;y;z)
õýëáýë ⃗

Îãòîðãóé äàõü a⃗ =(a1;a2;a3) âåêòîðûí óðò |a⃗|=√ a1 +¿ a2+¿

2 2 2
a 3¿
¿ ãýæ òîäîðõîéëíî.

Áàòàëãàà ºìíºõ ñýäýâò õî¸ð öýãèéí õîîðäîíõ çàéã îëñíû àäèëààð ã¿éöýòãýýðýé.

Îãòîðãóæé äàõâü à âåêòîð íü P ( a 1 ; a2 ; a3 ) öýãò ýõëýëòýé Q(b 1 ; b2 ; b3 ) öýãò òºãñãºëòýé áîë ⃗

PQ=(
b 1−a1 ; b2−a2 ; b 3−a 3) ãýæ òîäîðõîéëîâ. PQ âåêòîðûã îãòîðãóéä ä¿ðñëýí ¿ç¿¿ëýâ. (Çóðàã 57)

⃗ âåêòîð (❑❑ ❑❑❑❑) ãýñýí êîîðäèíàòòàé, õàðèí ❑

Îãòîðãóéä ❑ ⃗ âåêòîð (❑❑ ❑❑ ❑❑) êîîðäèíàòòàé áîë
ýäãýýð âåêòîðò õèéõ àëãåáðèéí ¿éëäëýýð ãàðñàí âåêòîðûí êîîðäèíàòûã èëýðõèéëüå.

a⃗ =⃗b (a 1=b1 ; a2=b 2 ; a3=b 3)

a⃗ −⃗b (a 1−b1 ; a2−b 2 ; a3−b 3)

a⃗ + ⃗b (a 1+b 1 ; a 2+ b2 ; a3 +b3)

ra=ra 1 ; ra 2 ; ra3
⃗
 ⃗ α a1 + β b 1 ; α a2 + β b2 ; α a3 + β b3 )
αa+ β ∙ b=(
⃗

ca|=|c|∙|⃗a|
|⃗

⃗
Îãòîðãóéä òýã âåêòîðûã 0=(0 ; 0 ; 0) ãýæ

èëýðõèéëýõ áà õàðèí a⃗ =(a1 ; a2 ; a3) âåêòîðûí

ýñðýã âåêòîð íü – ⃗a=(−a1 ;−a2 ;−a3) ãýæ òîäîðõîéëîâ.

1-ð æèøýý

A ( 1; 0;−1 ) ; B (−1; 1 ; 2 ) ; C ( 0 ; 2 ;−1 ) ; ãýñýí 3 öýã ºãºãäºâ.

Òýãâýë

AB áà ⃗
a. ⃗ CD âåêòîðóóä òýíö¿¿
AB+ ⃗
b. ⃗ CD=⃗0 áàéõ Döýãèéã òóñ òóñ îë
AB=(−2 ; 1; 3 ) áà CD=(x ; y −2; z +1)
 D(x;y;z) ãýâýë ⃗
AB=⃗
a. ⃗ CD=¿ x=−2 ; y−2=1; z +1=3 òóë D(−2; 3 ; 2) áîëíî
b.
CD=⃗0=¿ x −2=0 ; y−2+1=0 ; z+1+3=0 áóþó x=2; y =1; z=−4 òóë D(2 ; 1;−4) áîëíî
AB+ ⃗
⃗

2-ð æèøýý

a⃗ =( 2 ;1−2 ) ; ⃗b=( 1 ; 3 ; 0 ) ºãºãäºâ.|a⃗ −⃗

3 b|−èéã îë

a⃗ −⃗
3 b=( 2−3 ∙1 ; 1−3 ∙ 3 ;−2−3 ∙0 ) áóþó ⃗a−⃗ 3 b|=√(−1)2+(−8)2 +(−2)2=¿ √ 1+64 +4=
3 b=(−1 ;−8 ;−2 )|a⃗ −⃗

Oxyz ãýñýí îãòîðãóéí òýãø ºíöºãò êîîðäèíàòûí ñèñòåì àâúÿ. Êîîðäèíàòûí òýíõëýã¿¿äèéí ýåðýã ÷èãëýë ýäõ
íýãæ öýã¿¿ä íü (1;0;0); (0;1;0); (0;0;1) êîîðäèàíàòòàé.

Òýäãýýðèéí õàðãàëçàõ ⃗j ; ⃗j ; k⃗ ãýæ òýìäýãëýýä êîîðäèíàòûí íýãæ âåêòîðóóä áóþó îðòóóä ãýíý.

i⃗ =( 1 ; 0 ; 0 ) ; ⃗j=( 0 ; 1 ; 0 )|i⃗|=|⃗j|=|⃗k|=1;

Äàñãàë áîäëîãóóä

AB âåêòîðûí êîîðäèíàòûã îëíî óó?

¹105. ⃗
 a. A (1;2;3) B(3;2;1)
b. A(5;7;2) B(4;8;-1)

¹106. Õýðýâ a⃗ =( 3 ; 4 ;−2 ) ⃗b =( 1;−1 ;5 )áîë äàðààõ âåêòîðûí êîîðäèíàòûã òóñ òóñ îë

a. a⃗ + ⃗b
b. a⃗ −⃗b
a
c. −⃗

¹107. a⃗ =( 2 ;1 ; 3 ) ⃗b =(−5 ; 0 ; 4 ) c⃗ =(1 ; 3 ;−2) áîë äàðààõ âåêòîðóóäûí êîîðäèíàòûã îë

2 a− ⃗b + c⃗
a. ⃗
3 a+ ⃗
b. ⃗ 2 b−⃗c
a −⃗
c. −⃗ 2 b+ ⃗
3c

¹108. Äàðààõ âåêòîðûí óðòûã îë

a. a⃗ =(2 ; 1 ; 5)
⃗
b. b=(3 ; 1 ;−1)
c. c⃗ =(−1 ; 2;−4)

¹109. Äîîð ºãºãäñºí a⃗ b⃗ âåêòîðóóäûí õóâüä a⃗ + ⃗b a⃗ −⃗

3 b - ûã òóñ òóñ îë

a. a⃗ =( 2 ;−1 ; 2 ) ⃗b=( 1 ; 3 ; 0 )
b. a⃗ =( 5 ;−1 ; 2 ) ⃗b=(−1 ; 1; 2)
c. a⃗ =(−1 ; 0 ; 2 ) b⃗ =( 4 ; 3 ; 2)
d. b⃗ =(−1 ; 2;−4 ) ⃗a=(2 ; 0 ;−1)
e. a⃗ =⃗
3 i− ⃗j + ⃗
4 k b⃗ =⃗
5 i+ ⃗j

¹110. – ûí îðîíä òîõèðîõ òîîã íºõºæ áè÷

¹111

Êîëëèíåàð áà êîëëèíåàð âåêòîðóóä

Òîäîðõîéëîëò

Ïàðàëëåëü áóþó íýã øóëóóíóóä äýýð îðøèõ õî¸ð âåêòîðûã êîëëèíåàð âåêòîðóóä ãýõ áà a⃗ /¿ b⃗ ãýæ
òýìäýãëýíý.
a⃗ /¿ b⃗ áàéõ çàéëøã¿é áºãººä õ¿ðýëöýýòýé íºõöºëä áîë b⃗ =λ a⃗ áàéõ λ òîî îëäîõîä îðøèíî. ¯íýõýýð |⃗
a|áà|⃗
b|

⃗a
õî¸ð âåêòîðûí óðò λ= ⃗ áîëîã. Èíãýõýä a⃗ b⃗ èæèë ÷èãëýëòýé áîë b⃗ =λ ∙ ⃗a ýñðýã ÷èãëýëòýé áîë b⃗ =−λ ∙ ⃗a
b
áàéõûã òºâºãã¿é îéëãîæ áîëíî.

a⃗
Õýðâýý a⃗ = a ; a ; a ; b= b1 b2 b3 áóþó êîîðäèíàòóóä íü ïðîïîðöèîíàëü áàéíà.
( 1 2 3 ) ⃗ ( b 1 ; b 2 ; b3 ) áîë ❑
⃗b ⇔ a1 a2 a3 =λ

b 1 b 2 b3
Ó÷èð íü ýíý b⃗ =λ ∙ ⃗a òýíöëýãýýñ ( b 1 ; b 2 ; b3 ) =λ ( a1 ; a 2 ; a 3) áóþó =λ
a 1 a2 a3

1-ð æèøýý

a⃗ =( 1; 2 ; 3 ) âåêòîð ºã÷ýý. A(1;1;1) öýãò ýõòýé, Oxy õàâòãàéí B òºãñãºëòýé a⃗ âåêòîðòîé ïîëëèíåàð
âåêòîðûã îë

 AB=(x−1; y −1;−1)) áîëíî.

B öýãèéí z êîîðäèíàò òýãòýé òýíöýíý. ( ⃗
x−1 y −1 −1
a⃗ âåêòîð íü ⃗
AB âåêòîðòîé êîëëèíåàð òóë = = áàéíà.
1 2 3
2 1
Ýíäýýñ B öýãèéí x;y êîîðäèíàòóóä x= ; y = áîëíî.
3 3

B ( 23 ; 13 ; 0) áà⃗
AB =(
−1 2
; ;−1)
3 3

Òîäîðõîéëîëò

Íýã õàâòãàéä îðøèõ ãóðàâ áóþó ò¿¿íýýñ îëîí âåêòîðûã êîëïëàíàð âåêòîðóóä ãýíý.

2-ð æèøýý

ABCD A1B1C1D1 ïàðàëëåîïèïåäèéí õóâüä:

AA 1 ; ⃗
a. ⃗ AB ; ⃗
AB 1 âåêòîðóóä êîìïëàíàð
AD ; ⃗
b. ⃗ D1 ;⃗
AD 1 âåêòîðóóä êîìïëàíàð

Äýýðõ æèøýýíä ººð ÿìàð ÿìàð êîìïëàíàð âåêòîð áàéãàà áàãøòàéãàà õàðèëöàí ÿðèëöààðàé

Õýðâýý e⃗ âåêòîð ⃗a ; ⃗b âåêòîðóóäààð ⃗c =⃗

λa+ ⃗
mb ä¿ðñòýé áè÷èãäýõ (èëýðõèéëýãäýõ) áîë
a⃗ ; b⃗ ; c⃗ âåêòîðóóä êîìïëàíàð áàéíà. Ýíä λ, m áîäèò òîîíóóä áîëíî.

̺í óðâóó ºã¿¿ëáýð íü ¿íýí áàéíà.

Äàñãàë áîäëîãî.

¹112. Äàðààõ âåêòîðóóä êîìïëàíàð áàéæ ÷àäàõ óó

a. a⃗ =( 2 ;−2 ; 3 ) áà ⃗b =(−1 ; 1;−1.5)

m =( 1 ; 2 ;−3 ) áà n⃗ =( 2 ; 2; 2 )
b. ⃗
c. b⃗ =( 4 ;−6 ; 0 ) áà ⃗c =(8 ;−12 ; 0)

AB; ⃗
¹113. ⃗ AC âåêòîðóóä êîìïëàíåàð ýñýõèéã òîãòîî

a. A (1;4;2) B(-2;1;3) C(4;7;1)

b. A (-5;0;3) B(;3;4;-6) C(0;2;1)

¹114. Õýðýâ a⃗ /¿ b⃗ áîë m áà n-èéã îë

a. a⃗ =( 1; n; 2 ) b⃗ =(5 ; 20 ; m)
b. a⃗ =( m;−1 ; 3 ) ⃗b=(12;−3 ; n)

¹115. Õýðýâ c⃗ /¿ ⃗b áºãººä

a. |⃗
c|=6 ⃗b =(2 ; 2 ;−1)
b. |⃗
c|=6 ⃗b =(3 ; 0 ;−4 )
c. |⃗
c|=6 ⃗b =⃗
3 i+ ⃗
3 j−⃗k áîë ⃗c −èéí êîîðäèíàòûã îë

2
AM = =⃗
¹116. Õýðýâ ⃗ MB áîë
3

AM áà ⃗
a. ⃗ MBâåêòîðóóä ÿìàð áàéðëàëòàé áàéõ âý?
b. A ( 3 ; 2; 6 ) B(0 ; 1 ;−3) áîë Ì öýãèéí êîîðäèíàòûã îë

Îãòîðãóé âåêòîðûí ñêàëÿð ¿ðæâýð

Òîäîðõîéëîëò

Îãòîðãóé

a⃗ =( a 1 ; a2 ; a3 ) ; b⃗ =( b 1 ; b 2 ; b3 ) âåêòîðûí õóâüä ( a1 ∙ b1 +a2 ∙b 2+ a3 ∙b 3 ) ãýæ òîäîðõîéëîãäîõ òîîã ⃗a ; ⃗b âåêòîðûí ñêàëÿð

 áóþó ( ⃗a ; ⃗b ) ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý . a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =a2 b2 +a3 b3

1-ð æèøýý.

Õýðýâ a⃗ =( 1; 2 ; 3 ) ; ⃗b =(5 ;−3 ; 4) áîë ýäãýýð âåêòîðûí

ñêàëÿð ¿ðæâýðèéã îë

 a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =1∙ 5+2 (−3 ) +3 ∙ 4=11

a⃗ ; b⃗ âåêòîðóóä íü 0⃗ – ýýñ ÿëãààòàé âåêòîðóóä
Êîîðäèíàòûí ýõ 0 öýãèéí õóâüä ⃗ OA=⃗a ; ⃗
OB=⃗b
OA áà ⃗
áàéõ ⃗ OB âåêòîðóóäûã áàéãóóëúÿ

AOB(0 0)≤ ∡ AOB ∡ 1800 ºíöãèéã a⃗ ; b⃗ âåêòîðóóäûí

⃗

⃗ ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. Çóðàã äýýð a⃗ ; b⃗ =φ ãýæ òýìäýãëýñýí áàéíà.

Õîîðîíäîõ ºíöºã ãýýä ( a⃗ ; b)

Òîäîðõîéëîëò ¸ñîîð

 a⃗ ↑ ↑ b⃗ áîë φ=( ⃗a ⃗b )=00 áîëíî

 a⃗ ↓ ↑ b⃗ áîë φ=( ⃗a ⃗b )=180 0 áîëíî

0
⃗
Õýðýâ a⃗ ; b=180 áîë a⃗ ; b⃗ âåêòîðóóäûã ïåðïåíäèêóëÿð âåêòîðóóä ãýýäa⃗ ┴ ⃗b ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. Öààøèä 0⃗
âåêòîðûã àëèâàà âåêòîðò ïåðïåíäèêóëÿð ãýæ àâíà.

Òåîðåì

a⃗ ; b⃗ âåêòîðóóä íü 0⃗ – ýýñ ÿëãààòàé áºãººä òýäãýýðèéí õîîðîíäîõ ºíöºã φ áîë ⃗a ∙ b⃗ =|⃗

a|∙|⃗
b|∙ cosφ
áàéíà

 a⃗ ↑ ↑ b⃗ ¿åä äýýðõ òåîðåìûã áàòàëúÿà. b⃗ =λ a⃗ áà φ=0 áàéíà. Èéìä

⃗ ⃗
a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =⃗a ∙ ( λ ⃗a )=λ ⃗a ∙ a⃗ =λ|⃗
2
a| ¿> ⃗a ∙ b⃗ =|a|∙|b|∙cosφ

|⃗
a|∙|⃗
b|∙cosφ=|⃗
a|∙| λ|∙|⃗
b|co s 0 0=λ|⃗
2
a| =⃗a ∙ ⃗b
  a⃗ ↓ ↑ b⃗ ¿åä äýýðõòýé àäèëààð áèå äààí гүйцэтгээрэй.
 ã öýòãýýðýé.
 Õýâýð âåê õîîðîíäûí ºíöºã
φ íü 0< φ<1800 áàéã. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä äýýðõ
òåîðåìûã áàòàëúÿà.
ÎÀ ãóðâàëæíû À òàëûí õóâüä êîíóñûí òåîðåì áè÷âýë:

|a⃗ −b⃗| =|⃗a| +|b⃗| −2|⃗

a|∙|⃗
2 2 2
b|cosφ (∙) áîëíî. ͺ㺺 òàëààñ âåêòîðûí óðòûã êîîðäèíàòààð íü îëáîë:

2 2
|a⃗ −b⃗| =|a1−b1 a2−b2 a3 −b3| =(a1 −b1 )2+ ( a2−b 2 )+ ( a3 −b3 ) =( a21+ 2 a1 b 1+ b21 ) + ( a22−2 a2 b2 +b 22) + ( a 23−2 a3 b3 +b23 ) =|

|a⃗|2 +|b⃗|2−2|a|∙|b|cosφ=|⃗a|2 +|b⃗|2−2 ⃗a ∙ ⃗b=¿ ⃗a ∙ b⃗ =|⃗

a|∙|b⃗| cosφ

1-ð æèøýý

Oxyz òýãø ºíöºãò êîîðäèíàòûí ñèñòåì àâúÿ.À (0;0;0) C(a;a;0) D(a;0;0) C 1(a;a;a) áîë

∠ (⃗
DC 1 ; ⃗
CA )=α ºíöãèéã îë

DC 1=( a; 0; 0 ) ; ⃗
⃗ CA (−a ;−a ; 0)òóë

⃗ CA=0 ∙ (−a ) +a ∙ (−a ) +a ∙ 0=−a2

DC 1 ∙ ⃗

DC 1|=√ 0+a2 +a 2=a √ 2;|⃗

|⃗ CA |= √a 2+ a2 +02=a √ 2

DC 1 ∙ ⃗
⃗ CA=|⃗
DC 1|∙|⃗
CA |∙cosα =¿

DC 1 ∙ ⃗
⃗ CA −a2 −a2 −1
cosα= = = 2= ýíäýýñ α =⃗ CA =1200
DC 1 ⃗
|DC 1|∙ CA a √ 2∙ a √ 2 2a
⃗ |⃗ | 2

Õýðýâ a⃗ ┴ ⃗b áîë a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =0 áàéíà. ªºðººð õýëáýë a 1 b1 +a 2 b 2+ a3 b3=0

Õýðýâ a⃗ ∙ ⃗b =0 áîë ⃗a ┴ ⃗b áàéíà. ªºðººð õýëáýë a 1 b1 +a 2 b 2+ a3 b3=0 áîë ⃗a ┴ b⃗