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И. В. ЗЫКОВА
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ КУРС
АНГЛИЙСКОЙ
ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИИ
A PRACTICAL COURSE
IN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY
Рекомендовано
Учебно
методическим объединением по образованию в области лингвистики
Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации
в качестве учебного пособия для студентов лингвистических вузов
и факультетов иностранных языков
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры стилистики английского
языка Московского государственного лингвистического университета
Е. Г. Беляевская;
доцент кафедры английского языка Московского государственного
лингвистического университета Т. В. Тадевосян;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка
Московской государственной юридической академии А. В. Дорошенко
Зыкова И.В.
З 966 Практический курс английской лексикологии = A Practical
Course in English Lexicology : учеб. пособие для студ. лингв.
вузов и фак. ин. языков / Ирина Владимировна Зыкова. —
2 е изд., испр. — М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. —
288 c.
ISBN 978 5 7695 4062 2
Учебное пособие охватывает всю программу курса лексикологии анг
лийского языка. В нем рассматриваются важнейшие проблемы лексико
логии в свете ведущих принципов современной лингвистики. Введение в
теоретические проблемы курса осуществляется на фоне обобщающего
описания основ лексического строя английского языка. Каждый раздел
пособия снабжен вопросами и практическими заданиями, контролирую
щими и углубляющими понимание языковых явлений, а также стимули
рующими самостоятельный анализ фактов языка.
Для студентов лингвистических вузов и факультетов иностранных язы
ков.
УДК 802.0:801.3(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ 3 я73
Предисловие ............................................................................................... 3
P a r t I. Introduction ................................................................................ 6
1. The Object of Lexicology. Links of Lexicology with Other Branches
of Linguistics ............................................................................................. 6
2. Two Approaches to Language Study .......................................................... 8
3. The Course of Modern English Lexicology .............................................. 9
Questions ........................................................................................... 9
P a r t I I. Semasiology ............................................................................. 11
Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................... 11
1. Meaning as a Linguistic Notion ............................................................... 11
1.1. Referential or Analytical Definitions of Meaning ............................. 12
1.2. Functional or Contextual Definitions of Meaning .......................... 14
1.3. Operational or InformationOriented Definitions of Meaning ........ 14
2. Two Approaches to the Content Facet of Linguistic Units. Naming ......... 15
3. Types of Meaning .................................................................................... 17
4. Aspects of Lexical Meaning ..................................................................... 18
Questions and Tasks ......................................................................... 21
Chapter 2 .................................................................................................... 25
1. WordMeaning and Motivation ............................................................... 25
2. Causes, Nature and Results of Semantic Change .................................... 27
3. Polysemy ................................................................................................ 29
3.1. Diachronic and Synchronic Approaches to Polysemy ..................... 30
3.2. Historical Changeability of Semantic Structure ............................... 31
3.3. Polysemy and Context.Types of Context ......................................... 32
4. Homonymy. Classification of Homonyms .............................................. 33
Questions and Tasks ......................................................................... 34
Chapter 3 .................................................................................................... 39
1. Intralinguistic Relations of Words ........................................................... 39
2. Types of Semantic Relations ................................................................... 40
2.1. Proximity ........................................................................................ 40
2.2. Equivalence ..................................................................................... 41
2.3. Inclusion. Hyponymic Structures .................................................... 41
2.4. Opposition ...................................................................................... 42
3. Semantic Classification of Words ............................................................ 43
3.1. Synonymy. Classification of Synonyms ........................................... 43
3.2. Lexical and Terminological Sets, LexicoSemantic Groups and
Semantic Fields ..................................................................................... 44
3.3. Antonymy. Classification of Antonyms ........................................... 45
Questions and Tasks ......................................................................... 46
1 . TH E OB JE CT O F LE XI CO LO GY.
LI NK S OF L EX IC OL OG Y WI TH O TH ER B RA NC HE S
OF L IN GU IS TI CS
Diagram 1
LEXICOLOGY
General Special
Historical Descriptive
QUESTIONS
1. What Greek morphemes is the term ‘lexicology’ composed of?
2. What does lexicology study?
3. What does the term ‘word’ denote?
4. What is the term ‘vocabulary’ used to denote?
5. What is the object of study of General Lexicology?
6. What does Special Lexicology study?
7. What forms the object of study of Historical Lexicology?
8. What does Descriptive Lexicology deal with?
9. What branches of linguistics does lexicology have close ties with?
10. What are the principal approaches in linguistic science to
the study of language material?
9
11. What scientist made the distinction between a synchronic and
a diachronic approach?
12. What is the literal meaning of the term ‘synchronic’ which is
Greek by origin?
13. What is the synchronic approach concerned with?
14. What is the literal meaning of the term ‘diachronic’ which is
Greek by origin?
15. What does the diachronic approach deal with?
16. Why are the synchronic and the diachronic approaches inter
connected and interdependent? Give an example.
17. What does Modern English Lexicology aim at?
18. What problems does Modern English Lexicology investigate?
19. What section is also traditionally included in a course of
Lexicology? Why?
20. Why is the course of Modern English Lexicology of great practical
importance for the language learner?