The English: Association ‘The ies cf he Engh Acciona eo prone the knoe and snes €the Enh language st sats, sep (tein teaching and ering al ee “The oct putt he by etn opel coemerion song hs teed Enel by Eben he espn of Eh Fete cement eho line ctr, caren, rd ether mesg: pechng furl ba estes edb omg ls tence Pubtications The Yen's Wom Engh Sas. An snl biigpby,Pabed by ‘el Te Mes Wk in Chita end Cala They. An eal bogasiy ‘lake by Becta ‘Saas cn Std. An al vlame fey by anata weed by ‘ie les coveing ually a wile geo jee aed uae the ted ete mode Pbled y B 5 Breer Fuh A Joma he Amos Enh sd hs ie yt by The Uso Enh A Jura fhe Anal, The Lief Enh pblehed hee tines bythe Asi Neier A Neve pblaed tee cts» yet gvng formation ‘Sous oho pcan cares ni ter man of aa Benefits of Membership rail Menberp at member reve copies of The Yn’s Wak x El Si, ies and Stl ng 0 tous a oe Nowe (Cxinaty Mersbentip coves Engi (3 ii) and thee Ness, Shh Mert cd ps fh mu fh wd The Uf rh. one oor of Ese and Sao. thee Newser ad prefer behing and tes varios conferees hell bythe Aan Indl Mens lect Bac Member which nes ther to byl ear butions of the Ergsh Ascinton a © cicumted pre, and tend ‘Reocitin beings Fa finer deals wits to The Secreta, The Engh Ascciaton, The noe of Leer, University Ran, Lets, LEY TR Essays and Studies 1999 Postcolonial Theory and Criticism ? Edited by | ited by | Laura Chrisman and Boils Pass) forthe Engh Assotiaton | DS. BREWERListening to the Subdltern: Postcolonial Studies and the Neocolonial Poetics of Subaltern States mencecocle Postcolonial Seis and Lasin America | oy nae Tim onowo ma of pola wea en evel eC colonialism in Asia and Afica. Latin America and che Caribbean, ” 7 ohedesenmeeny wy Imeanes nega of neccolniala, pein nd internal coon ism contol concer inthe Amit tnc|tbe fi quarter ofthe nineteenth century, when Hait became the fist independent state ‘Produced bya alve revolution, and mos of Laan America achieved tial independence fom Spein through] war of independence Inbich were in some resect alo social warp These concer it ‘ew forms of poncalaal subjection wee invented by tera ‘rents Cabs tuncited independence im 1808 afer & devastating thy year stale that ented» confonaon at once with dele ing Spanish colons, emerging US impels, and pesting omesie rca apd clas privilege: che 1858 annexation of Puerto Rico by the United Stas, esablshing a county ‘hich has an fambipioe sod conradictorysasse as 2p" and ‘scoctated! state (el esado lie aocnda); and che US backed separation of Panama fiom Colombia in 1903, wich cated nation designed tobe the leestion of US-conlled canal. I each ean of dhe elon pose independence projects to achleve ‘tage nationhood have made vide their lis in he context of suf postolonial power ‘elaione 1 Thi ilar ofthe sation co coe int bw to borow Ranajit Gabe eventve phase to alles the lis of yetionhood in ‘powtcolonal nia, edn Latin Amerie ad the CarBean to 2 ‘vtacdinary tion of thought, ebodied In cade scholarship "Fa am nigh dason ofthis get Inthe cane Ure, ee ate (86) t a8 LUsTENING TO THE SUBALTER: 5 wel sche ans (popular and ete), tha ensues 8 mnnenl collective reflection on thie filte’ Drawing on this teition — Particle ls sections on the celsanship Between shifing mod. hes of extcolonil imperil hegemony and sate ranwformatons = seek in this enay 10 explore fore of subjection aclted with neoliberal globolhation and moder of anal that could oppose them doing, alos hope to contribute to the fl of pstotonal stulies fom a Latin Amescangenpctive, Reding te Sublem On Febru 27,198, lange numbers of ep ok oe ate in Veneta moje ees in poesia woneln, enone hem ot only ss nil abject heh sfnoe sen, bot a4 mute Sie pl va concrete salen lien i commenting cn her own pocon dig bet evahaton of be istorgraphic wrk of {he Suben Sis pou in i, Sh sa the shee openly Inclined sad the reeval of suber concious a the having of hc In pot stra ange woul be eld the Suinererbjcace” From this preci the sje set {Ep metab! fr case, He invocation of he eee {er of porn ental apps fo bes pce bat bore MSunictny sense 10 the porsetle dstion of the ee (Sak 8H 12-15) In my ie, proMems soc“ UsTENNG TO THe SuBALTBNS vith haan or structural conceptions ofsoverelg, unified objects who operate at autonorious eats of trical cfec are only timoeed by the posatneturalie conception of fragmented subjects ‘who ar or operate as mere elects = more fil conception ‘would be one tha overcame the polation of teins in hich tht dekae i being cut” ‘Asa wep inthis ditceton, 1 prope that we view the sbaleen noitherasa sovereign sibjeer thc actively capes «bounded pace sor 8 vasal-subject thc results rom the deed ects of multiple external eteminatons, bu san agent of eniy conection hat Datcgaes, under determinate covons win eld of omer teations, i che onion oft muleple pextonalty and tbjece ‘vty. Inn view sbaltety inaelationa anaeltve ence ae sae tes and places where sabjees appear ot the soil stage st fable acon, justo here ae mes or ploces in which dey play Alominan oles Moreover, a any giv sins or place, a ator may Be ‘ubslterinrelontosnothes, ytdominantinslaticrto this Aa, ‘of eoureherearecontextin which hte categories ay spl ot be relevant. Dominance and subalterly aren erent, but eal charactersations. Sablerity defer not the ing of subject, but subjected state ofbeing Yetbecaue ending ejections certo faxing subjects int limiting posting a reltionl conception of the sobaltern equines double vison char cecogie at ne levela common sound among vee fom of sbjecton sd, a another the nto: tle entity of subject formed within unigelycorarining se] worlds. While the fist opie opens up 3 space for eaaihig leks among sobordinated subject (ielaing the nalat who takes sub sltem perspective), the second acknowledges the deren srl lemme unshareable effets of specie modalities of asbjeetion* Tht * Sivas dcuson ofthe ube is developed in ye ther deans {och cane dan es) ne reson (Spat 199) ets Pay (O56 bell cate af hr work This shane sug tees ena ‘vanes lh comply bewne ips and pales eal al each em a en at ‘rfermstn of weep nero tpi odo nce In) tel od ejo of "Thi cabrio omy revo endrtadig of laerity (1998) wee ‘yeh fdas with mn Of the Grp den Pay of the Lay Aarcn Sullen Studer Group 9 Paes Rico (Hach 1990), aad ‘ecily o Jinn Sd nace onthe ena let of bas ‘besa Alero Bevin gperion hat we erste einer at ‘Sprechv the hem "THE NECOGLONAL POETS OF SUBALTERN STATES 45 cine enre. we a oes othe ree a Saaiy ee cactieneerenme aoe aera eee escort liytniclaeenrtat sarcomas eh Boece cumationte reer 2 1 ad i inetstng that we developed similar sguments independent of cistoa nears erties et6 LUste ano TO THE SUBALTERN: Sie Sach Uke metoplitan states, utleem sites ‘pea’ — sally and mea shovcaly = though the languages that conte them ay ental ies of auchorsy, al het mule forme of spec impacto the daly lives of people within their alee, As ate they must contnally sutorie denueles by reducing binding statements ceguatons, laws, policies tc) whose authorgy ove citens with © boued ssopaphical and pol teitory reson 2 combination of content fd coercion. Undedyng Weber's undeatanding ofthe sate a the lesettion tha hols 2 monopoly ot legate voles, the fact thatthe state ean or only back tp its tremens wih force, bt et deploy violence a ts legate seement. Ted, on March 1 1988, the Veneruelan set's speechlenmes wa ‘ly patil: Minister’ guste’ eallapre before the camean wes ‘spose to che states peech inthe tet fainted when he heard 8 burt of gunfire outside end tealzed hat the sited forces were shooting at people ~the publ ~ the founda of Venetslan populist ‘atonal. The minster had spent long, leples out asthe station with other leaders and coming terms with the devon he hod been about to announce: the stat had brut in the amy to restore puble onde ‘The folowing dy, ata diferent cente of powes, another se seorecatve was quite blero speak ofthe netd wo we violence to ‘rae order and progres. Gonclo Bata ighy-sight yar ld 2 founding fete of Venezuelan democracy, lene 0 the suing pat, ‘Acsion Demceractcs, and Preident ofthe Natenal Congres ase fan mporane speech wo the congress The day. felon, Chelan Denncrat Rafael Calder, former Present of Venesil, hac delivered an imgssoned aes ch same hay ging the ations lade ‘hip to recognize the extence of satious problems and to fesore ‘ational unity: Basis peach was Both a espnge to this all ands isifaton of the meastes the goverment fad reslved to take to fre pie oder. ‘The contst between Miniter guiness Senator Bovis respons to the ers highlghe not ony the opposition betwean ‘specch aod speechlesies, ut alsa this leaton on a cased di ‘atsive train. ei within the canter of igure’ lence that wish 'o examine Baie’ spech, so at illuminate the dyna wean. ship beeween speech ad it Toes of enunciation’ (Migole 1989) ‘THE NEOODLONIAL POETICS OF SUBALTERN STATES 4 dhsing changing hist conden At dh ctl joer ia ‘Vnutclan try, he ier fessor ela eter, State nd nation, goverment od ley, became vibe "The dite poses by thar fi othe cepa en dint Uneredena i i tetevng of Venn’ ey. Reprsong te Sete ‘Actilnss, Bai pach sen ie it ane me nstance of he tht it le dre over everyday police Iie diel to dena fom toe or coment that etude ha sever! fronts have andy san ile, o tne the amy a that Sey ‘Sonen shootne people i the set. As Bar couse nfl hase co nate eventing Caen fo ig he crt Tice himself and to be eopied nthe hniatve terete of thee events ‘Srotc Batt sarc by ocing tthe wa lao ave had the ‘ppt to tend Caley peth sted of egg Be ed the vis dy fe ee ae ng ite 8 tpeeh and weapereae te salle emeion tha ken ot Ito be aie weet guey i anes mud wading and veeding She cones inde se tha iden ent (Bers 1989143). Seat ened ye Barc te sel et he ced sight by cceting is owe lection of even. ‘Thu nthe mid of cs character by the mae depen inert pep ton tao vi hoe FRregounis an iene ference of opinion. i alte o fos fle onthe econ od voit nthe set or venom hel ats ‘epreniny Bars sponch embosir dhe slescng a deal of ncaa onthe nation. Tas olson ofthe poplar acre epee troghout he perch. Inde feof a independent mas ton oer Present ‘Gide ephsics eee ecw each ou the Pn ‘vero chanod et fling fond ive tse, tor edly frost tower king tht pesnc el within the framework of the Cantata te Le (Calder 1989 136). fr is pons are minis te lnpoance of pops bilson by a tong i othe insenc of plical aioe: Dining hie om Gls he condone scegrestons tht expan the couse fo Wnlene eos by appeal to the grovng furans of people fed« LUSTENIN TO THE SUALTER ich worsening ling contons. Just he comms thou shall not Kil allows no exceptions, Barios gues peole should not be petmited to engage in violent atone Revealing, Bariceappete ‘otto notice dhe ony in chi cae, armel hat te omnes bing violated nthe sets and bales bythe government, athe army ‘escalates i atacand che death tll esches several hunted leet than tes castes among goverment forces rented fm the mero onic). For Bare, the popula setor retain. handamencally ‘acces ‘A this moment of ers, the public that concen Bovis et be found ouside Venera, tn he Unite Stats ed Europe te observes that itis very rate forthe television ofthese counties to take nots of owt counties particularly Uf ee 9 question of reporting hepor incidents ofits that elevate, But would som thet they rej tn presenting ‘any event any macfesation, hat tnd to show te ab Aepevsed counties as primitive culture” (Basie 1989. 14), He fevpreses his regret that dha events have shown ‘te hottor, the primitive, the unconllable, om a cvlaed point of view, of the looting tha ook place in Caraca’ (Ibid). Accordag eo Baron this has happened at ime when Venezuela has been demanding mre seention fom these ations and has imanaged to ovetcome the eludes that ext inthe developed nations with expt to ourselves (Ibid) The dy before, Calera fad expreed a star concern over ences shared image io» mich-quoted pase cf he sec "Venera has been a kind of plot cour. At he moment ef wha ‘North Americnscall a "showease "the day cave of Latin Amen democracy.» This display ease as dest by the Blows stad rocks ofthe tcvng people fom the Caracas roe wt ave bing subjected ‘theron chains imposed dey or nly byte IMP (Caldera 1989: 137 Bing ona dinetion between leveloped atone ‘wae counties both Caer and Barco expres egret atthe negucve ‘age of Veneauela sow being projec tothe developed wei Calder’ mecaphor of Venues asa showcase, watts Malin ‘Avene overtones, id wide appeal rity Because i conjured p the Sailor inage of gap beeween the fade of stoma pow athe lived eaiy of chron problems. His speech observed the pc ecwenton! of nationalist theterie, inching a grovdloqent eal 6 ‘epaeche tamed iowge of Venezia ms une’ ation, coupled ‘witha denunciation of ouside tnteferenc by sch powes othe IM. In contrast, Barco response wa esti the colloquia se of nt tte convention and adsl, with ionk undesatemen, ce lle ‘THENEOOOLONIAL POETICS OF SUNALTERN STATES, 4 twoaillarcelty behind the embelished images constructed for butside consumption. He apeae the ele by publically wing its prvare ngage and by expresing, Sou elf proychat Vege on Pldail ts utiaciog view of Veneta The Ongaing Conquest Clad General Against Prime Maes pie terse a eet toe Rois hee gama ere Sh Sener bt encraicae ir neneeerecnen Scania tviencbinen soettanes Sec ace ee nen sccm ener See airs ae Sec onmctnae mia snibeennansaeeneae pn Tue chr gp conte ot ov cue However be Sn pen fe ot we Seana seman soe pemeeintes Ee Lnncoeasuesniisent Ener0 LUsteNING TO THe suBALTER: ‘Throughoue ths speech, Barioe avlds the elevated hetoe of rand canfomnation, chosing instead to use che elites private Tonguage of eundane complicity in order to lic apport forthe governments progam, which he dines singly ax making Vencaela ‘modem stat” By edopig chee (IMF-mandated) measures, Brice sngues, Veneuela woud et the sources needs ard woul len lhave as a well-organized county inthe fare, There to tlk here of ear uassfomations Noting that noone has come up witha workable sleeve tothe spveminens plies, Bats aguee thatthe ony thes poses ‘0 go backwaraconcuding hi apeech by danting this sketnative sd byjiffing wate violence agunst the poplar sectors wth ary thot ‘capdvated” im because ofits eeplt ony? The anecdote onceins a Bitch general who wansing to aulue one of the ess Primitive tribe’ of Ae, see as his eeny» misionry ho had Hved song the inigenour people, sn the hope tha he would convince them ofthe beset ef Bish occupation, The misonary ‘old them ofthe hospitals, school, mean of ermanicaion ad Lame they would eeeve Bom the Brith The Afton chit ecogined te ale ofthis fe, but rejected arguing tht ie acceptance would «aus his people to low thet woul. On epecing the cit eal the genera, che misionary suggested that the che was tight "The ernea Bisa, naturly pid no tention othe sony sd ve oes to bla the natives with heavy gun [pono canada tffen occurs in dapres tong cvzed maton Barta then adn 8 tone of ionic understatement tha fhe conga decide to eect. President Peer’ austerity program and dhe repreive teas ken to enforce it the nation all begin backword sds chink tht Venenela would noe necemaily tum 10 loicoths end atom because we have well~ rounded sutures end fhave madel progres, but we could go beck roa station in which Ros Royce and fey televisions wih stelle dae would dppes' (Ibid: 148), ‘The Petes of Neco Bari ual lepine thee polis by pasty ofan ol coli tanewo seh on, tonaing he Veneclan pci inoa eine: Aca ie converting copes eng Tht ger emus iene asthe yolesnt tole: ven the Vein ic tow fag the “THE NEOCOLONAL FOETICS OF SUBALTERN STATES 5 cmeile of Ween capital, and of Afeica as the dak land of ‘mitiviem, the brand of elonialie exnjred up Bata’ wpeech ‘ables ark conus becweencvlianton ad Barbra in which the ambiguities ancrinted withthe Spanish impanal expenience ‘America are eid. By choosing this remote, padi exonial twodel, Baie offs dhe Ioesl politcal elie a tage of (elf as a teen of civilation. Within the snpltic terme ofthis iealoed todel violence agains ‘the primitive’ can be atcubted In ele ded langage, without snetentlty grado, a8 a necesty onion e sori popu lomo evade (eppoximetly hese funire), with er eolloqua, eon overtones, nics he language oF ‘olence an the sce eferecowesdicasion, Tn chi speech the conflct between bari eo civilian i cxpresed though foer emblematic objects. ‘Loieoths and sow tring co iad the fue of primaive order hat les nt to fan he ppt and tha aes el Inthe present cough she Venenelan iin’ who is nde segue 8 ignorant Saved fom tis backed ‘wold bythe exience of well grounded sractrs aad ropes he trae an arid rage aia sonal power Decloiston ithe acting of two Frcs, opposed to each other by thi very ature» Decaloiaton i the Worableexenton of new men» the pray ‘Manic which governed colonial society prevent ring te pod (t decdonttion; titi say the seer ever cases to be dhe ene the [Spponent te fo tht mt be onertrown The mat co which the ane ‘PZanacrned can ony be called iat estan ifthe atv decides to pcan eo the hoy of coloiation =the itary plage ~ ade rng it exiece the Hisory ofthe naan the ior of decolonisation lat radially subversive move can be ected though the iverson and active raion of etegorcs whi the hegemoneWelogy producer and mapas ‘lated orden grup, hs ensued by Jonathan Delior Jpeques Deva reminds stat binary oposions ae ‘avo hierarchy whee ‘nc ofthe ovo tern foe gover the ober Aerial Sage in het deco Strution dees nn ertaring vers which rings ow what was high "The petacal eet of gnring ts tage, of ying to jor beyond the ertchy16 oni cr his into a word quite Gee of simply to eve tna inthe only word wee Buin seca ef the suihenenautese epposion «and the subversion Draco fuel - ave dlvent specs of evertrning im Denies see ‘Money thy are sages ina paso esance™ ‘sch a proces of rexisance is nite by Face’ oppositional dour when the ‘Seidel calor fevlonined conceived nde the ot egine of though it dpaced een Siercn range ofthe sue fre, one iking implacable comity Doth x analas UES Gite conten and a 8 gaianiing pli gan, This gloss on Fan's ‘co would not be aeceple to Hom Baba, who in his foreword to new ediion STL Sn he Moss Renvenbering Fanon, oases he sungeney in is wets Slee! Beene for Bhabha nterventonary stray can dive fom an iver ‘Se eretontoe Manicheni, he disease Pasons rien of the colonia atime ther he too quik to mame the Othe, o periniae ts presence fo Fe ren elo racer (xis, wl valving these iscrptions when hat ‘font aigment of clonal subjects ~ Black/White, Seit/Ocher ~ i duro Tene lanl grounds of ial Meni az disper (Tn 8 decoction Tina's tent whch ete Fanon’ recotse wo Regeln concep the phenomeno- iplaneaton fel ema other adhe Maret dnt, Bhabha proflers Fanon pret postural: 1 though age and fantay~ thowe ones bat fuse angrily om dhe Teme oF tary and the unconscious ~ dat Fanon mot profoundly cokes resol condion Ta ruling the pote colonial cll aiation {he poate language of eisand and dese, Fano radially questions {he lean ofboth nieve nd pil autora they comet be developed (ie dour of Socal Sovereignty -- Huai the few of eater acm fom ube polis of atonal tothe pais of nazis, Faxon opens up 2 Rapa imerrogaton that case a sslmersive sprage of ety and authori, (op ai) This reading seus Fanon a hort of he ieslogy of altura representation a well ree eee ead ing he pli of ee’ sexvaliy nd the compey of aoe lo te pata colnet.) am appropriations ror rics hina near of wv propaganda tect, But et ot alee SESE Bilon to Bhat own theory? By daplacing Fanon’ werk om ove pal caer mvement, rlgaing the Extent hich i "historic the elo cc and prleging tie gona and unceraing of the eli relationship Fane pectin rele confi, Bhalla’ constratin bil de pli I Ringe of ine txt fom inp ring the econ to Surin in the TELS ope o's wanfomed condton berond the imperil word order = = weeRina spuse which Bhabha rade 8 Fano’ ‘espera doomed arch fr ‘Eittucordnernee p00 Finn's edition o the smal dente, ‘Sec an whe masta which makes pole to redeem the patos of cura veo ino rato tal aessn’ (i). Sch a eadg, where ape ‘STIRS Sn We Mad conto Bhabha destructive prac ave abate Aoi bay of Fanon’ wings wih which ts priveged mode can be en a2 Palins in ie 17 provionl exploration of he clonal syndrome dat was subsequently dicted with IRE poetry ina onan carl ana and programe: for poi scion ~ Shecwres Fanos preg of the colonial endon as one of implacable nity “Phe naie an invade aking armed opponon bo cabal pga wet Tanow's enon rigs, read a txt of vesstance and bean, tthe rina lain hich Al fads Monin Ae Te Pe of mote in Cafe tales therealbesrngs andthe divide between the berate in wih ity developed ad he work poustretra cies iho proposes ode of clos tee point incarmmensurable wth the ters iE Fano’s teary can be wed eo bring dent anakaes of ela onsen eon Here he prove mt be tnt eit JanMobmed mode of edb aay {Sor the work of Homi Bhs and Gaya Spl which wil be dace 28 SGmances of Geonatructive pacity ate to be taken as sepesentate, but rahe 8 viel pestornances of tia wth Gvegent notion of etal pits an ei ‘Gms emancipctory role. Because three engaged i deconsrting coli now ‘Sgt necsrly connect the sing system to sacl free and every aly thei ‘ring with the vicims af peri’ violence, the charge of poli ques Ser be levelled sein! ther ork, which ie Welogicl ccm ptons ios plementing a ples feeding "Wa he isthe poles onthe oe hand of citcn tat es out ently both ‘oe donna and oppestionlWesloges embeded inet 8 expesion afr ‘Snead icons ofan exalng uation, and on te othe, of ttl pa {ig where dacure piles he pmary orn otc psi and whieh sk trepone the akin operon ad effet of eaogy by stiving up aad dering ti Jedanenedineaning ovat nts? Tere reaver fries pla queso te be sk of enon dscoure theory sal sis now conse can a practice ‘hich is predominantly concerned wat the text felon authori which dos not {Uses elt colonton’s clove and neglect to engage wih heterogenous Siem ofknwede, proce or climes equ daring the wes ie he ogy? Since th ey quesdone the parameters within which colonial dacmuse Si wor, t sore pera 10 sekowlodge i igalachiverent ip moving ‘Be diranon sym te esknialt text manatee poeraal frais oe ysem of esl representation whi auch wring produce, ‘efor the intervention ofthis abe and despite te protests lngtancing ciaship exposng the weseavcense images and suppesioons of the “ethno Fpaphiea nove" te dy of cla writing were oer by a berlin ‘Ee fom an uotld lms had carved outa emtory it named The Liat of [nite or Te Cobo Fon, to ald in thrall generations of elfgofeed an ‘alana acilas and sient in both the tetrpalian and posclonal work ‘Ants ot becroni explanatory ore ad woiten win te ame iol ‘Guess the scone of coli, this putative eppostina dscusin reinked Slit sr te nccepable fe of weters chon, ‘whe cndarng the SStunations and peokbicons authorized Wy the ete pursuing ae mplementing fell power "The commentaries of thi schoo! das auecerded hot in spting the aon of colo Go hao an expanses wets expe, and nderwring 2 ey18 Pol incre his af viding the wort invented by colonia zou Minti was the name of Cae pes ablahing le hisorel accuracy, pechooal raflnes 2 Peet percepts ofthe fons, t= game. The verkonlide was checked out aarrt ae bveuions the books reper, surveys, ete an riations wet BEE area colonial i evan, ery oes, sonar, journal clens and avers The eibies were judged by the oft to wadertand dhe eletucauble wae othe native, ore ensredevered at colonials unkindoess aoe Boca the cre save the ela sturptions td corsets aa ae hey were deci, they were omable in ther gow to dane them ane ee Mrcinion ofthe colon wor a evan nd by collin placing eset pla elaothip wt a etaplyscal aed mor cone thes exepse aor el aa yet another dacouse of colonialism. A conéguovs daipinary aa chadng te sre of donna nan exmbated elon pat and of a ig conning sonnel ex bien the hegemonic cnte and he aor ha bern pected by eommocealh sta! and progeny oman eer, where the coir of an anodyne name denoting 0 mu-curl aa hr esstng pect harmony, ace to sgt that there exits an association Se cope nes together in pst of common endeavour and a presen of Shere prpoe "Har Red hc uy of colon writing eo an emp extn ada eal plies dadene the Mesogealconsrocn of colonia’ objets of know rr ico ana as generated own Deore dices One probe 1 sree lnges ona model of cok! dzour oxrwelngy concerned wih sansa er erg wich detached rom te ore extn and makati ree acer oft pera pojece When the wring os alternative history of eae on uhoreeal grouide reas the auhory of oil weer, bir saa st Marsa verso charged with redoing out inperalian-avbiory, ees oa nn Hikers ies aces of wean a eames marae i ene dace nn account of change dcontinun, dire pei and ae erat lt conf tee iva danger of incve moments eng homogenized. Pereira apes and the ot secaclt, mode ofthe perl projects renee rable tare one whit pecedd she rale of nernationa nance capt saad in sone fms has survived formal ning is wate as identca wth al ‘he ail Sn ell paces taken tobe eotxenie with the etre eave sone of ine impo proj, te eositton ofthe European sl, by defining and encoding re aeeat alors puvleged over Bop’ dere aes fei presentation tha ACen inthe timphat alte of econiasn-se-mperiim, and in ‘ected fm has petted n'a cloal hegemony where western norms and vase Paratha forms of thought. For Spivak the ‘exeminis of imperi ae ae pect terroral and set constituting project's and Bhabha's ‘Atoeemcnt wih the cn scout of England’ bral conservative imperialist coe caer uted vo cxsmining how te text of post-nlightenment city ented te sa ace nnormalning th oonal fate or abject The ter notable absent See coord dsoure la necnary consequenes of anal strategies ‘Sah es fosuing on dhe decnsrcton ofthe colonial etter ete the ice wen noe ot ik mate resetanes to devices ccurseting and interrogating Princ his 19 nll authors: Poston age the nostalgia fr lest gins a a ass fr counter FRpmonieieaogkal producon (Spal) or the seleighteous rhetoric of resance {Binbia), we bon exe toa downgrading a he antmperst ext wen {py national bernion movement wile the nodon of epistemic silence ad te ‘lelaing of reverse aeons have oBitersted the ol of the naive as bist IMijet and combatant, pour of other Exowledges and producer of teat taione “The work of Spiak ad Bhan wil be eased to suggest the produce capay Al liitasow of tinder deeantracve proces, and to propose that the [rtcols of thei dinar methods acto const the develope of radical an Eni erique in which restance preg, Keil be argued thatthe cans Spinks lara von su fom theory aging a absolute powe othe Fepomonic deat in constiang ad dnrcaing ve nate. In sys tha ef [ons tay on taser cou ate Inormane” Spa nypes the absence a (eu Ut ean saswer one back the Planned epistemic lence ofthe inert freee (The Ran of Sima, p. 51}, and west o develop a ste frag that Ait peak to the bisorcally sted native subj, pedamiandy ineribed in Spa “iris as the onelie or sults woman, A ain, "One never encounters he (erimony of the womens sieconsiownes, “Thre is no space om where the Suter (exe ject con spe, "The abaliera femal cannot be ear or ead The shern cannot seat fa he SubalernSpea’, pp. 122, 129-130) eras ‘eee ican dered fem stching the daeouse of Saf, in which the Hind parca ode converged wil colonia neratvation of Indian ear tee tac of woman’ rvece ‘what Spivak cones ae inwances of dbl eppesed nae women who, aug teen the domisatons of «nae paar and foreign maseinitnpealt ‘oly imersene by unstpbae,24 ho, uate vernng) ofthe soil x of ‘Se sede (Can the Subaern Speak, p 129} a nineteen pins who propites “he dows pace ofthe Ge wil ofthe wowed subject a female (The las Br Sms 14} by sang he neon fbn Sa agit the eto the Brits sian, a youre Benga ge ho i 1926 hanged herself ner ‘cumstances tht delserstely ded Hind itrdcts (Can the Subalte Speak) rm the soars of St Spivak derives ge, general atementson woman jest ston/cjec arma in wtih the analerh womans concede» hare ‘Gen and echernt category an! whieh cuit In = delaraton on the cet Pfr planet darcalaton, Bren win the confines of this ame dirours, ‘ida tat Lat Mas dos find eden abet mediated, of wean vse At ancien ‘Talpade Mshany aries im her eiigue of ween ferinit wigs on “Tie Weald Women” cooaree of representation should not be cone wih ‘teri eat Since iene woman eanstrcted within lp scal aon Shp and positioned a the produto erent clas, caste and catia pects, hut be pesble oleate ates and teeny of women’s vice on tae ites where Sfomen incre theses eae, vet, singers of seed ong, ats and [ad by this to modi Spivak model of the sent aber, Tt cal wppene that Spivek i teeing the slener of the douty oppresed _nbulese wont, ber theorem on mpi psec wleee extends oposting20 Pols net ari he ntve, mae alfa stray mt abject. The tary of elim ‘ihe merc fan terane oan we Eneth aan on “Shing te inperitit sovereig eles thee to ale in om [eve fran an ota nd veo Thus wh pong a the bert of the ‘it sje pore inthe text of pei, Sivas her poet gies no Tpeting pote enone, ly ing ot the een f tae a7 ‘Fronted Ini’ orhunee year ogg spe rt equst and he Raj ~ “conse whh she seating sas hegemonic mato ees tnoceic “The cara of atonal dcounes of iene it matched by the exritaton efecto the petelonn worn elec, fri sh who au loa Sloncunrvela ata agi he sobaler vie itor by ring the emacs Tatconarvcton in he aero of readng”o devel a sae rae hana tcory St seaing Uh right be cutgue of pers” (Inperam and Sexual Diller cep 260 Spaks‘sernaine nate of colo, ough nares biiant Sphevals of tee which expose the arcane and exclason nthe wing ofthe ‘Rane, diected at calngng the authority of he recived Natori ecrd and ‘arg he efted sg of tate conscious, and thon these rounds that er ‘rset thal be esata. Her acon dated, ipocs of thea sory by | ‘posing the feds maryenegres on wich hi depended. Thus itis nged that te pape of sminsraton ane exploation of esouren he ate was contro se ptormmet ary sled oe ofthe rope sod ot nay epee Farr te crop that became he sey of ia was daw by a | to wae ttm of hteryeneo elu origin dsc sits and woe (| pwned nope cuted the one cent potions wie woe in | Be Bier of he Becn euhory for eagle fntmae uc-ferenate | ‘toa demoprapyreoring ih Aral, sna is dere cect | the pros pcacaitatn ofthe sborgine { ‘tac secountng »supgte betesn & month, ne-delberatve cll power tnd a unlined oppress, the recor diay 3 pret Tee ons tan nae repent es et he nae pevaedupon oer ESctaflnowldg the bnorcig concocted bythe master" (he Barepea age | ing ul ws rn mere ied eth, ane by ging thom abmetsxe he en sr Mae” procengeeaing te ae to ma he | Spas hime “the” (The Ra of Sem, 139, Where miary com Gr hasutonal Eompalson a tll inerpelaion ws, psec ene | ‘Si devious dcurse vegans sequng ofthe ative a he rete poston 1S ja of inpeis, yaed in po of rcncesne and Yet ait in| ‘poi Gacoune nd coed nerent of rectancs te #tl fte Proline hia 2 teen the sally Othe ta a damesicted Other tha conde the meal itself erry srg emote four in the impernt ctre oF dcontiniy ceed over by a len legal ayn manqoeraing ae La oe ‘Such, an lon eelogy elke as only woth and a tf buna cess ay ‘Saihing th nat‘ elE contig Or (ie Whiners Tex and & Cesqe of Imperial’ pp. 259-254) In ringing this hess to er reading of Wie Sag Su Jae B's vein, Spink cemonnrats the pital oft henry posulaing tat the tater dicouse romped el contittion of he trical nae sce When Spas nnn TEpored tothe quesion Sei st in Onion thow ean one sty ote cles td people om s iberarian, or non-epreive and nonsmanipultve penpee the? and ean Rhye ore! examined for enociation ep rch ins ‘aca est such pespecive which aeiiats the anafaraion of We thro 3 sel then ts pose to consuuct a rezeading af eS Seating may of Spirals cbervaos we dapting be ounding precept. Spivak argue tat bec the construction of sn Englih culo Seny wa layparable fom ofhering the naive a i object, the aruaton ofthe female tuet within te emerging norm of minis nid ding the age of ined tm necemarilyexcnded the mtv feral, who was ponone on te Bosna etween na. and anal atthe object of imperais sci mison or so tnking To sppiing thi interactive proc to her ending of Hie Sse Se, Sak tiugne to Anoinece/Bertha, daughter of swe-wmers and hele to 5 pox tancpaion ferine, the ole ofthe naive female screed inthe conse of te ‘uieera@ostatin af the Enropean female individualist Alou Spivak does telnawlege that His Saco Sens x noel which res x canon! Hal tx ‘win the European novel ain nthe nerert of he white cele rater ha Theat’ (Three Women's Te anda Crdque of npesalianp. 289, and ie the doc state Antinatie/ Beri a caught between the Engl pert al he bik Jamiean, er daecson dos not purse the texts representation of ree fal that i dependent on bath yt singulao enanciaon of ite ster ‘ors. ‘The doctins ofthe cele poston ae repeatedly spoken by Amaia, the Rechoser Ggure and Chsphine the nes of satiny and hae betwen hte ster and Hack vera writen ilo the text inthe minor imagery af [Anointe and Ta, ope wich or Spa factions to invoke the ee hat could sete see “WE had euen de sane fod, slept ie by ide, Bae in ce ne fe ArT ran, Thought Ile lh Tia and Twi eke her =. Whe Twas Sloe Ts deja stein er and but ld nese er how i. Tasted a | berand Taw he ace rumble a ae began to ex. We stated a enc ee, blood ot ‘ousting other ad he drtalted salrn | yl, cae on ess Ie ara Taw tpl: Like in looking as (Wie Soon "Theat and scleenmmary o what ee complex ad ale aoguente as wed |S p34) Ba whe themseies nt English, and indeed outs, he creas we to Uns tut the piel plc ofa theory what sions deny fo the native || misters othe lacks, and jut 2 Bro bok ines the eade via Roeser (oe the mon Gon whieh tower fepl to colonalane' dologiealnggresion of to theeene Bertha Masons swated onthe huran‘aninal Fontes (Oe nigh 1 haa funcate 8 disent el [teen awakened by ler ela Ine 8 feree West Indian ight =~ thos are the unde af botonlen pif, quoted io "Three Women's Tex and a Griique of [No pespecive cit! of imperinim can tir the Other into a sel caus the | Inperiln?, p. 247-248) so dos Ry’ oel via Antoine admit her sudan o Dro pra hry cy tery Stace wis might hn | een ler vw eels Mac he sane ce eet oe ade22 Poin set hi yes geaning, mou haope’ iting "a howl wise itt wore’ (ie Soe Sey pe 82,39) ye ianyneases ofan account where Antoine py the pat of ‘ihe woman Fea are consequences of Spa's decree that coleniism’s nguitic or biter the macpion OF Native sa tha lack Fale who Wie eee moat fly edved un be edd be sen of angentl gure and | ren ron (apostate atv ale produce by the somatic of se Sa’ her death iced aan allegory ofthe general peri ene | rreatan, tie contractor of a iimmoiung ste fr the gorifetion ofthe aor eips of the clone? (Thee Womens Texts and a Giique of mpeiaim’ ei Wile loving tha Chopine bot pening jet and interpreter 1 | eo de designate me rural cin, Spek ses her a asking tbe ie of | Tents naar ad ot ar bre argued arptng “an Staak sotgy o ending neces bla out ie Cito’ resin | eine lve, Enkei ei who dees the demands of the dcimintory | aon aaa con er penn. Allgh an exlae gen as 3 wedding present | Fed atnequendyacaring servant, Crispin bers tbe crake | ‘ai thn would const ber domercred oh, nd aera heel ot alate cei el parcel ser and cola tv. Nataral aber to den an | rae ert te Antint, Crizopbine sores paiacal muiorty in be per aa eng her pny ening her son Eaters a bushands Fa tect the aps Rochester fos ceonmic and xan explain aa cd psn, na ss ernie she eloquent and equeny | aoe era oe com lick ad whe naire cand of tier Fence eie cold spenk god Eng ae waned, and French 0 wel ar paok” TTBS eae e718) Chratophive spproprates English othe lea io a es io ere ae the postemaniption rbtaic which enabled the Engl an coy at unj whie ering themaeses through lyin forme of saan "Ne nore Sve She had to agit These new ones have Later of he Fae eee pg Tey wr Magia Tey ge fine. They go ji hour and chain Tea, Tiny teed mehin to nah up people's ot. New aes ore than ok one = SEE curving, hats al (ie Sag Sx, pp. 72-28) And as an cra woman, ‘Werupnine’s mines of another knowl dangerous to caloniaisn’s ofc eeeettogy and the mean of nave ara zbediene* eta dean wnat eosin a sal and reused space approps ses wn eso tn anna cde bt a es om wich he den i Joga antagonist nd aac cose a dour tat mswers beck FRE tne orpon-emancpation justice, se quik invoke the protection of Hee ia tRocheder’deatns er ith euro: “This ee country and 4) PEN (ite Suge Sep IST) "he i exaelyhow se anes inthe te, TSS ettts him conning her le tthe Bae, female indivi Read and wrt TGolsChoec ter tag Iw’ (ide Sora Sp. 138; emphasis aed, Ln Sisk’ ttveten, Chrstephine’s departre fom the sory afer his delaration and wel rae ic ott end with tative and charactercogal explanation or uti AUP ne ead he poser and practioner of a leradve tration chal rege onan sored copie ays, hen ere his point aPpens ‘oth oval and enti arate: i animal bowing Ps in cra 28 ‘Bagian ssd Ciopin, who wae watching me. "You think here issih a pce?” ‘Hioean you ask ha? You know thse never eee dann pce how To? "You do aoc else hn here ra country calle Eagle "Tb sn ont ey don't fe Tso what Tape nth ny ee an Tee (Hie sngse Se, p92 “Thisartcaton of epi’ fete reaches spoke by allack woman who tar {fom experience tha her power, potions snd nein are eee in the Wek Indes codes hough scx he anal verso ators y de agli wheat Theme nec acnoedges the boundare to the power oer inowledge Of tokrned av ponihable Janes ~ ‘Roches te to stint Chritephie ‘eth mention of magsrates sin! poi ~ thr wisdom of the black communis i tilted ino cvs eae: Antoine call and hash in its potency. Bus when ‘Revove tater o England, Chriopine rs eae the narrative free the wie ter raft doesnot uy whi wy afer aking et statement, She walled avy, ‘elt ooking back (ie Sapa Sp. 199), ‘Sp delberated deaf to the ative wie, wher tito be heard eat aiance ssh her ace hearing ofthe won in mde of weer fern etn which he {naning mac constotinns seproduce and fredose clonic so uctes in szoms by_pevfovnng the ie oes trth of bal saerhoed where the ‘Memmi roel vrais tae an ele sparring patnes of geeraahe oF munrnizale sly who ore the chil protagonist in that Baopean cones {lpenrod Sexual Diferenc’ p. 220, Demanding of icitinay standart tat Aral ight of lito, geographic, lnguisc specie” be granted to the "th tomy saute larger cate ofthe Tid Wor 238) Spain ex ow wo ‘Sree setts caine) the pace ia which the colonised ean be ten bck nt ory cron when inervettonst pee are espe hgh the deconstruct Stetepes deve by the porto inelecal on Ba ov Sees tna ough recovering ow the master course was intemegated bythe natives his om accents, prods an autonomous pon Aheclona wn the conden the hegemonic couse abd cae of his ena CGues avery alee polities. The euained er of writings which nally coer trad bn decanting te arvtore of cli eicourse, and which Intel hve ngage withthe dapacetment ofthis ex by dhe Inappropriate trance of dhe chr hae been te omc te nation Bhabha conaders to be inpbe in Sat ‘Shemale power snd curse pte ene by he ake Bea ‘inti the popostion of anise writing that the objective of onal dir une conan the cloned a ecly degenerate populton inorder jsify “Conquest and le However, esate e tonnais dat elon of power an on ‘Sige foncson bivalent, he args that n dare astm spl in enunciation ‘Soutintes a gptod and vaiulypostoned awe who by (rappropating the terms ofthe dominant ology it abe to intercede agit and rena this mode of renting fiom ana xsbing an nteninslty and uniiesonalty to colo nisl pomer wih in Sls wordy, bed Bare to advance unmetaporially upon24 ok int the Orient, Bhabha insists that hen only ignore epresntaton a a concep ati ‘ig ot dhe histo dl thefts bt wie te sobjet of clonalensnc ‘iin xe positon othe pase obj of dacursive domain. Dy reveling the ste and cotrdiery wocalaone i olnalan’s sre, Bhabha 28 com repay ei ela demote te is offs drive power and commie | eam rand ht course (be) noma, ts eneneiation unitary’ (Sk taken foe Wondets p10, ane by showing the wide ange of stereotypes a the | {Sing abject poss aie tothe enone in he clei eth set ot Fie the lari ow tdcbsed isrpdon st Baroy’ mono and shacle tier sd ints an auonomeus eave “irene” owe, reapropinin, | ‘Mig eee bythe deconstruction of he pstesoninlitlertual, oad por | ‘hte by sneering how te master-dnconee had ald Dee intrepid bythe | oon nae ace To Ban the rebar spoken, and ib eadings | Theale text yrosera mative vie | “rea tranderng pycioaalyte propio on the constton of the meet toute coapanon otic, Dntkn deceesuet te confit! eon of alana ‘foamsas to erpre i recgniton sud dave of rac hioil/coral i ‘Standby tg owl nto of an apart of poe: within whic elation | ‘onlcde tel power ae ens a sraegle rons to an urgent ae a a gen] aurea moment Bhabha spees the ce of colonial cours a he eco ‘ntot sngunnes of ierence sod to arelte mode of dierentinon’ (Di ‘ce Dactiminaton andthe Dacotre of Colonia, 200, The podacion of the ‘Sli ma ae eat at once oer atid owabl, 8 antrpeed nt anaagostte ‘evdian fie tae, whe te kd of ienieation within which the eat 2 luted an ated, thie mode of represen is corel with the Tactian seo he magnary: | | “The constuction of colonial discourse is then a complex artcaaton of the} asa Ss pasa ean wrath te gga’ vou teaser “Posaasibti ome wage at ee Be CSL ie 8 a tay ieee, Dierimination and he Discourse of Colca’. 208) Tn this account slasions of pover ae theorized in eso prchonnaic neg snd wate restace nied tr eursing te lak of survellane a the dpa fe ofthe doepined, Bhai has sequent exeaded the ground ofthe ds ‘Srexaminng the textal production of iferenexby ieredicing the noon of ni {trys bs snegyofcoonal ejection trough reform regulon and dip Wile “appropri the Ober, and the naive’ appropriate imitation o th di, Counc ck hve the elo ening cons oy Here Mab ‘cums ofl proces of placement the Aipage between te enunciation Urine west sgn and selon sguesnc, te sae of cloialst knowledge fhe undermined A heel dacure of clr oiesive emmy is mated {ie the tet of ing non, ts enaniatory anumptions ae revealed © be Pollan this 2 ‘cet wit it means of toil cnet, 3 that te incompaibiy of the es of| Eg bere and Bri imperainn is xpd: “orange cli ae ‘or ubjet the dreams of po Blightenment chiity alnaes i own language of Ter’ and proces another knowledge off norte COF Mlimiy and Mla te ‘Asbtalnct of Colosial Dacoure. p25, “The proces of deconstructing the eet of ean suber x competed by te ‘oduct o this sour. Where Spivak in iaspeaing the abeence a tet tat cn Sawer back ae dhe planned epistemic vse ofthe amperat poet Os pk, of non-ooperation inthe dubious pce af the fee wll of the female) tox ‘abject (The Rani of Sas, p. 144), Bhabha predcesfr scruty a Saco Siuaton mabing fr recurent infnces of trangreonpefrined by he hte fo Within and spun oll scours. ve the anocaonantzn of hee he "et the requirement of enon address oestcanc wth te sions end Chey ough wick the nave efies ost dhe dean ofthe clever ar tie, This concept of mimicry hae since been futher doped in the posaine of "ya he probleate clenildacoure ‘Bhabla contends tht when eatcalted bythe nai, de clit dei or & reormed eeogsizable nea sma her i enact pty, anata to be atingied fom the exerce of dependent colonia reltins tug nrc ‘enubaton Prin the hyd momen what de native ree ot a copy of th ‘clonal orginal, Dt a quately deren hing nel, where ecg a ‘Beara expr the uncertainties ad aban of the aon et a ey itam authorizing presence Thus a textual uurrecton aint the douse of cola !utority located nthe natives interrogation of the Eng bok within he ee thir awn sem of culral meanags, 2 dacemen wich i read back fom te ‘eel wten by colonials agents td anasto “Through the naires’ srange questions tipo tose, wth storie hndigh, wha they rested in guesoning the presence ofthe Engh ~ as elo med tion and as cata ndinguite medium -To the extent to which dow a form af defensive ware, ten minicy nats Une mntent ofc ded ce wii the dacpine of cir ge of spetacuar eetane, When the word ofthe master Become te st of iby ~ he wave nig ofthe te then we may not ony ead berween the ne, bu even srk to change he ais ‘coerce realy thatthe ole coneain. . (Signe taken for Wonde’ pp 101,10) Despite « Magan ambivalent presentation which Ieve vlerable to innocent smbeonstuction, Bbl'stheriaing scents taking vie tne moments whe Calne dacoue, already disturbed ti sour by a doelener of eneion Tuer sabvered ny the object tr aces when the aero writen by clin igen pres by he ate ht eg ad deri the cli szapt The argument isnot tat the clolaed posses eaanial power, hit ha it Fracturing of the cols text by reaculaing iin beeken Engizh perverts the Ineaning nal mexage ofthe English Dok ig f clonal sutaty ad ses clonal dese and dicing Sign ken for Wonder) an thseoe bes Imabsalae exec af poner pombe26 Peto in cee his “A rate whic eves the colnied flom is cursive sa the eines ee are Mito Europe, ito porion of brit fom which i abl o a nt ige a ee celonmal asthotybas no place fra totaling notion Foun wnenee Nor dae te conficta economy ofthe clot ext allow or see thnedet operation of crave aggresion: “What is rica ind double ao ee Gecoue ino the lence of ne power nation iting out another | Gray nae of ontirny trance ht sien em Bu ei | | a eect Te eet oh hes io deploy the adional aioli aan on of antagonistic fr lacked i sugee witha configuration of arco "The pac of ilerenee and otherness, othe pace af the abet | sae esha ayer of saps” a Tve propond, never emily om the | a ae Snel oppesinalCSigne taken for Wonder. S6)- Le Spivak’ | ei oe ee, Bias interop of ected hit auto tes pla aie ey tcl docouee af ol sice cola] powers theorized ee a | oe uceion it ows thatthe pope Frm of combat fo apolitical gaged a iti to dle the conateson of the hing ster and tery | ‘Spore tf eemandate tora Ite efi of clos power seen to be the proton of iditin rater Thon the hegemonic command of ealonin authority or the sent repression of | san etoan thcan impostnt change af perspective ocr. K revel the | aa eta soure of wadivonal sure a enables xt fsubverson rane pace tht tre the dure conditions of dominance Sto | theron nerve | oo (Sign ake fo Wonder p80 ‘Tose who have Been of ae al engage in calonal sgl against comtemporay | Ts etesonialam could wel read the theoviring ofcourse anaes wih | ror oe date atthe constuction this pts on he uation they ae Hsing | Spins adhe cones in which they ae engage. Tht not a corge agin Eas Ul nace buen otervadon tn thx leratve erative felon sire Ge andere ail docsivesrogle between tro protagnit® a | iat oss pce ow the counter incuren whichever Hieron movement ba | Bacon rye lgnicantdiferenecs ne exeal procs of pk wn Bhabha cree Ty ature progamne marked by Ge emrtitaon of Acoure ae ane May about he enabling sororcoooric and pola stations end aoa of ical prs Fortheriore, Because thir theses sit of no pit et sense rm which apposton can be engender projet ea | aa eyes cena deve min the dosinant ste of epresetation a rn tH there wah a dierent knowledge. For Spivak, imprint) Tita decked the od calor and let the clnizl without the ground fo caethty ould ter confontatnal words: for Bhabha, the satagens and sbi | Te hich thc te rote, dsb the cet ofthe Bgl book but id a Glue tex wth whore consintion Dhabi deine (0 eng 2 ta antclonat coven equi an alternative se of questions cr arg in oder fo cont Deen, Duriinaion ad the ae Peds in ct is 7 ‘ain another eal mode which so jets toting abaracs of pes 8 (uiingstouens of amino and tation, the non of egony i there fora hat ot cure. In theory af power and eae, he Frou of procuring ir coment lhe opened andthe marge the ing utncefeatnsipe tiene slog cement cently erates ier Sh sei since fe sje once a eng cote by eno neo ‘emusic slstons snd hetogencous socal prac ‘The outeome of tht Tg exchange, n whic the aden chalenge hi ioc hat Remnant docouve ultima abandoned a screed earth when «ere Grou, aged ir the pes of obedience and combat, oecuping we SGrercoloned snd wopiahtrsitoy al peering ote eons alas (punto i cnunciated At Hine wen dnt thinking sno the age amongst ‘Sota enue theoos i trace to recall Bow Fan's eam power and naive ieuecion reconsrecs 2 potets 0 itl reine end el darupon parcpatsn wt et Gat ca anor caloiais bnck ont Spates condiion been inprats Face oe wih the wate maa, the Nero Te puttologimat a vengeance t exact noo ay should deine so etalon unjuy unceoguseé Neocon. ot mae yet man \Tipeyat.s Tam net pcre ot hater non by going bond he ire, ‘Garena ypc i the de of ny edo (tS, Mas p 228-225, 220, 731 The peablng cottons fer Fanon’ analy are that a peso dco bor pce args and nthe one vokng he pa prot asi capa 0 clin Sento ssperede commit o archaic nave trains ae {te tne ai rej colons oF knowledge ‘he coloniaitbouigesise bad in fc ep inplane in dhe sin of the nae intellect tat ewe alte ema eterna in spite of al the Hldere ncn ray make the etal quale of the Wes, of course The ane ineleceal soepot the cogency of thee iene and deep dan in his brain yoo ld abays in origin tne! ready defend Uae Geo Latin pedestal Now {faa lppens tat daring the sgl bration, at the mores that he at Smelt comes into olan with i peopl is vical seine aed Ito ce All the Mederanean ves, he wpb of dhe man nivel of ‘Gait and of beauty = bscone Lies closes kc knacks Al thre perches Sem fit calleeton fea words ther values which seed pith ul ne Fevealed ov wortles, spy bees ty ave nothing to do wah de once Clnfle nwhich the peopl Benge (The thd ft rt pp 37-38) ‘Wile conceding the necesy of defending the pst ina ove away om voqalied maton ofthe ocrapying owe’ clr, Fanon tecogniaes he nitions ob the ‘rier and intelectual wht les Tecique and language which ae borrowed Earn The erage in is country Such ranean wn, entering ogee the Fgh of boreowed acastcn a of conception ofthe word whi was ener ‘eros es for anon bt 3 pede to aerate af combat which il | dant Merry syn an hemes and mol the ‘Geate completly neve pul20 Polonia ce this inal onsinsnes, ‘giving form ad contour a ingng open before new and Sounds havizons Fanon theory projec # deve nepal ont Cne iy’ engagement in combate soci ston, ring hich nr contest | ‘suanchted inthe invaders Fanguage ents insertion f colons sig ingot. This mo which ea ace hoy ha tle on ed | Tor cha proces be investigated,» caograpy of cena ology tore exensne "han te aden che colonialist space, awl ar concep of te mate a his subject and agent ofan opposite dcous, i needed he problem hasbeen recognised by Abdo JoMohaned ini say “The Beooeny | of Manichean Allegory the Function of Racal Diference in Osim Literate, ‘where he angie hat ecase the indigenous peopl during cooilan’s demnant | petod wee subjugated by military coercion aud buteaucaaecontel, te elo! | Kunci of uch writing "st be wert in eo the evigene of dome, | thot European and econ pole and clue (pp. 62-62) sucha porpete | ‘onenms the clone in the age of peril congue and eoliaon fo a cone ti of psve conten it dos Seve ae & nesstay reins tht colonial as protetnpenomenon and its eicusive viene near snarl and ie lution Yoree. Maicen Ae lr of Latter in Coll fem, howe, | hich ste the anglophone eon a clonal Ae ne hegemonic pase, nd & ici open fo the charge of Fling to pei ineralon os « memento eaeatam, | long wth colonial cours anal Asche connton to tears tay wl | le ditused as a mode of alo! anal seling to mae known te eelaons of he text to the ebjectie condone within which i prodced, and concerned | \danonstrate the generation of eaunter hegemonic dscoures inteowating rope | ‘eprtentations Fanon’ ceeunt of enlonai's Manichan and confit race | [ores the theoretical ground on which nM’ consul these of te | ‘MManchean allegory’ the central ope of dis el within which elias Tierture is wten ad Alam Besan ices he antagonist dlogue. Rejecting | the isence of era etc on parity between laglsh and Aican wing | Jandohamed msinais that each Sex eircinieoegal Faction, te one oe | ‘ng contacts im onder to scare a eabeent cloinet dn heey jay the eabiniedamenncy the oer maling known te sens aficing ths wo | fuel throngh eli representations of Ae eure wipng out the negate and | ‘derogatory images paneyed by Esropean Hertue ‘Both Shaka haha have epadate eet co eb clonal miconsretions wih aloriatons of nave wadione or Spva the nati temp dowen by ow tags or lat origin” to restate the aperign lof the sclnies, camel prove | rounds fr counterhegemooie Meslogral production and spot» med! for me ‘eovinist practice” tna elt but erent argues Bhan melt that ‘atonal cei which takes eer bom unveil eres the miei ve of ‘he tests rantparent relationship to a prconstuted realty repose the clog se dscunive constuction odierener, redoing he problem of epesenting | face othe demand for diferent and more favorable sepesntatons™ Wheve Spivak | ‘Bhabha deny the radial fre of ranges pepraion ina ever d At conte dhe maser ext on its om era, Janda! gic fr the power of | reaming he cai Polis inca 29 Ths acing tis esis the desloge nixon o Aan wring to ree the vie ane digty os paw insted hy European representation, mo count he ‘Goal wets and unten of er ction wi ser dcr co ‘ierace to make i conform with western tons of nll, or repre tm “evans The means filling this cancion oe eal Tor colonised an petoal atures trata by clo, seca oa ‘yelp of valu calminnting in itor atalpmy’, afin tit recipes ‘iets autonomons rene ane recooes the rte clonal sie wales 4 sive conten ote eallectesspotion of esning sete of dietn aa Sentry Such remembeance doe fot encourage a ps yang reiwaling an score pas but ran necro winning bak zoe fom olen tcp (ion: ‘Achee nol mu be ise tom he roman ology of he [igre inoeren for wate the lites, he neither portray an sealed, cli, Imogene and pestered “AfSean® pan, nor eee lorie igo clare i reverig theo colonial Manichean gory for nance, Letpeld Seughr dhe ™ Where European Seton alization Abie te filo end ap fe countryoffoyee Caryn onances or the nas of Bsen/ Dineen les wo tn erally the edeic land nfs abd lod, Aan vier eat th rea roresenmtons of Alan existence, thinking, pecepion and values Where the beni mn on pla ca, A same ith fury ofucial tava pyle cage afi ty the whe vaso Dy epee [ar eestor betwcesinmcindiel and an sca cing et by Laka in is wringy on realm, sch ton rors to te dort dail the image ofthe alee subject othe integrated sn vl iteracon ‘whan athens commune Talfaning te radial ptenal of hetorical memory tthe an-alonait tga JeMlamed rene to appropriation of egenon fly, oe be imple at © ‘oer fom te aut fan export sd bligerentbougeovepan, te ‘clonal snd patcdonial ears mx ape o poses the Wave wrens har Sin Absent fom JanMobamedsexprtion anon grap of the parades aed iil of “redicoverng eran” aprepreseting Wain a western pen of ‘anings Wha fr Fao a rataonal proceso berating te comcast ofthe presen anew realy faba reas athe ar fhe dele oppor ‘nal dcoure Hi argent i crac fen fom Wales Beja’ cos en (ko bypased by Spa and Bhai) of the “ght for the appresed pat terse by the inagéo ened ances wich when rinse nthe pre, “ops the kof erat nde ame of generations of te downto” =a psn ln Roberts deer at posing abi danny bowen the enh {is of our pent stra! exience ad ote tha wil flow afr mean “Ths wie JasMobamei's reading does vate the igificance of authenticating the pst in producing 4 cousierdaroue, hs accoun of an alert witht 8 feiary gar ia ples received consrucons a ak that canbe aed bah tohirelotn mnie and bis tetiod. To argue he case on Aan wing ox alenge to Earopeasreprocnaon, he icumer Engishlangmge, eal? ological reat novel wher the pele rerounde th objet air In [Bi cor bis mode aeadysltcremaebing snes the aca he ss ogy20° Pans ie rather pul by writings which manipulate bat da not beak wth esas fesoan forms. Al the ste, by teaing bok eal? an ‘nodes fin, both Aes sd European, within a referential spo of ec wy portrayals ail terete of the exiting word, Mahon dente proces readings whic neet texted pop ‘ony when i does operate to ensneateconaicory meanings and where pet tens omits exlain absence ™ A Sonnent to miese on fates const ‘he xaninaton ofthe problems inhret in ply heterodox ext wang with the stuctures and redeploying dhe procsres of modes that tasraae autho acs and values Tins Alex La Gua’ books ave seknowidg! forth ppc otis of the marginafioed werk of South Ac’ ‘colonel! peoples a Sey ‘waribedo arbitrary and cumming the characers into sont Ue oF ape te etn What ot dace show the eyeing fle | Dupe Inguage of recited marae pacts and exhusied mode a aces ‘ota the fons ex centre materia sd defines the contain soneey ‘A deco! projet of defining modes of rasonehip between» socty andi Tweratsre through examining “he ideologiee racane which provides the cones “denominstorbetven socioeconomic and teary truce one whith thay ‘avply reales in anaes of thome and gears that succes in gig ate ta ijonctive antennal contactor Setonal views of Engl ane Abia oa ial wring, However abo the ated inenton of he book to inplement hat ae Somplex eital mode cnunited and performed by EedicJameao’s Th Pia reo ‘the reking of the tera text ins way that the later may Sal be sen the newtng or retructraton a prot hisreal or ealgsea ht bing aways undesood hat abt ent armeciaely preset ashy not some fommon sens extsnal realty» but aber mt el way be eon ae | thee i While JoMotamedts work does engage with the “arteges of containment | inzrbed in natraive fom and aesthetecomenton (teste consumes of | Blnen/Dinesen sors, the prenerpaon wh mesiaic emancipation, prophecy sand saknson in the ely writings of Ngugt wa Things there teadeny to 2blsh one-one latin beeen tex pl ones Wen ding Noi | Contin’ novels JarMohaned reds thie enncntion of the white la en | ‘coumiesnegoiing te pis of South Alcan society aan authente aricson | of an existential contin, and not asa contrivance bearing an terpetao of | svi which oeckades allerntive and emergent couse of daent That thee ne sigicant conection in Gordie’ Seton besen the nite and black words stb by JenMohained! to the resvain on socaly formed sl posed | suthor while the “bjective naan” of Aisa ealtre i ssid tothe wales | sed refs to vibe. its rhythms, meaning and ansterien, Here eplaaton | ‘rv fom the autor intentionally mediating he ov Mtl station sa soda Inhibition ae sbituted for an examination ofthe Kesonal coment ad ace ve forms which repress such a dnlgue and aerate What “Afra te | uncer wheteas the Afeane are speaking subject ihe veers of sets | inven and poll acvss aie are all writ a "hen by te white fen, lector so that multiple ference is erased by geercothernea: Wing rns in about dhe acho into readings of the ets ea onbohae to nth he | Factions alone a "berating mptore benween Gonder and Bourget Proline eer iS Georimer'iegity and courage see abanday mie a er personal pase ‘nd puesta how snap te aes wl a ah i'a'tevsns inter ith Stan Song eve odin ef whe Soul ‘Aiea she ated to premeve? Bin the ar of monte paces wh eee ie nt etre, even whe interop the clgy othe pn and ‘ich are boul the stations and stone to wet aes sng, Fs ait to satin amon am esogea beak whe egemon tate orto confrn tht the funn hrf her ln i delle Gioluion snd eonetton of white couse ta wl al wae {se Manihean ies ofthe pent snd wok ward a renege a here a’ (Manco inp) “Te importance of onbobareds Gok that st out say rar 4 catratext andro patie podiced snd prone win detent tor ial scl sid posal condone which ena ad conanin the conor o etn. As sich doe read the Sts spn the grin dy beng te ‘eamion th soy felons rary cnqur,cve ntnsa con {el reaonstpy, marge in some soles clin our tours tothe tex ase oe iol enya eth Be ee ae ng symbian brwee curve sed eterol prc aot Eovirmetted n daloguc wah rss whch hue Tous) ansospto 2 thre ails nating hc penn mod of esol aso t© Matin deur Watt ing 5 sn engngement ht mead sd Satieting tet norton ~ the icone ease there steps tl weortodse langage chalengig cl thoy te drape sewn) sty ete by degen ad dona vies the cao an sous he tes ptties ‘When JrMohamed rsitsts thi eel vance in “he Economy of Maicran ‘Alege’ the proposition the ig info by and inp in an exe ‘ators rected ran som whee the Sete codon oc ero ‘race, al dacoure the mse dit af proce intone ca) wdertnd clonal dace thong on anu that ae ts eo ition in elaon to cil merit practre Sac an xara evel tits erent “aban” iin fea prsct of delier rat times sabonaioy, ‘Epa dpiiy” 60 The caus! nes prope brevet to tn ‘Sex png we te wing tc cc by paca ‘Sovomle imperntves n change feral ete fl oa, where he xqusert ‘Sem, stedy dictated by Weslagy peo the ues eo ng Sedjnsing te nao he esr “the Bneony of Manhean Alege in dew eth era cin ad ur i rrr ring he lal nen ue ‘hear (59), al eulines prope er wring the way sian ‘Su Dts wag rnd & te mune of mel paces be fr ona dacs nang new aso aes cot we ee ‘tng cba we the voter fn unerdhene's band ya oe ena, reactive rp the been omtrcton dled wh he anes a fn terme’ "The Tie World rary dalogue wth ween ete i asl yo bead carat it ato eat the por Baopean neaten af lard