What Is

Organizational
Behavior
1. What managers do
2. Nature of OB
3. Features of Organization
4. Mgmt roles and functions
5. Contributions made by major behavioral science
disciplines to OB
6. Challenges and opportunities for managers to use
OB concepts
 Nature of Organizational Behavior

• Human beings are by nature Gregarious

• Natural inclination of working and living
together
• These social groups not merely a no of
individuals collected at random but are
interrelated
• Organizations studied from two perspectives
Micro and Macro
 Micro-focuses on Human beings in
organizations, their psychological makeup,
their interaction, their behavior.

Macro-Org structure, tech, Envi

Micro aspect of Organizational study

is generally the subject matter of OB.
 Features of Organization

• Identifiable Aggregation of Human

Beings(not at random but interrelated, does not
mean that everybody should know everybody
personally)
• Deliberate and Conscious Creation(relationship
contractual, can be replaced thru promotion, in social units its
very less )

• Purposive Creation(some set of objectives,

mutually agreed)
 Features of Organization (Cont)

• Coordination of Activities(org must spell out

the activities or roles)
• Structure(individuals are fitted in this structure,
Power Centers which coordinate and control,
Hierarchy of authority,)
• Rationality(norms and standards of behavior,
governed by reward and punishment system)
 Organizations have grown because of
three reasons

•Limitations of individuals(Biological capacities,

Physical factors of the environment,)
•Social Reasons(Individuals weigh no of factors
besides economic ones.)
•Material Reasons(take advantage of
accumulated knowledge, divide job, otherwise they will
have to learn everything,)
What
What Managers
Managers Do
Do
Managers (or Administrators)
Individuals who achieve goals through other people

Managerial
ManagerialActivities
Activities
••Make
Makedecisions
decisions
••Allocate
Allocateresources
resources
••Direct
Directactivities
activitiesofofothers
othersto
to
attain
attaingoals
goals
Management
Management Functions
Functions grouped
grouped into
into

Planning
Planning Organizing
Organizing

Management
Management
Functions
Functions

Controlling
Controlling Directing
Directing

Staffing
 Management
Management Functions
Functions (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Planning
Determine Objectives, Projects
and Programs, Policies and Strategies
Rules and Procedures, Budgets,
Management
Management Functions
Functions (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Organizing-dividing the work into convenient
tasks or duties.
Determining
what tasks are to be done,
who is to do them,
how the tasks are to be grouped,
who reports to whom,
where decisions are to be made.
Management
Management Functions
Functions (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Directing
A function that includes motivating
employees, directing others, selecting the
most effective communication channels,
and resolving conflicts
Management
Management Functions
Functions (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Controlling
Comparison of Actual results with Expected results
Bring to light all Bottlenecks
No Deviations from already decided target

Staffing
Identifying gap between manpower required and available
Identifying source from where they have to be selected
Selecting people
Training and Developing them
Appraising them
 Nature of Mgmt Functions

• Universal(anybody, any level)

• Iterative Characteristics-(contained
within each other)
• Sequential Concept
• Relative Importance
 Mintzberg’s
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Managerial Roles
Roles
Role is the pattern of behavior which is defined for different positions

Three broad categories of Mgmt Roles

Mintzberg’s
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Managerial Roles
Roles (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Mintzberg’s
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Managerial Roles
Roles (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Management
Management Skills
Skills
Technical Skills
Practical ability or Expertness,
Activities involving methods or
procedures
Human Skills
Ability to work effectively with
others and to build up
cooperative group relations

Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and
diagnose complex situations
To see the whole picture
Effective
Effective Versus
Versus Successful
Successful Managerial
Managerial
Activities
Activities

These are the Four type of activities that mgrs do.

1.
1. Traditional
TraditionalManagement
Management
•• Decision
Decisionmaking,
making,planning,
planning,and
andcontrolling
controlling
2.
2. Communication
Communication
•• Exchanging
Exchangingroutine
routineinformation
informationand
andprocessing
processing
paperwork
paperwork
3.
3. Human
HumanResource
ResourceManagement
Management
•• Motivating,
Motivating,disciplining,
disciplining,managing
managingconflict,
conflict,staffing,
staffing,
and
andtraining
training
4.
4. Networking
Networking
•• Socializing,
Socializing,politicking,
politicking,and
andinteracting
interactingwith
withothers
others
Allocation
Allocation of
of Activities
Activities by
by Time
Time
Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and
sometimes change the behavior of humans and other
animals
Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human
beings
Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from
psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence
of people on one another
Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and
their activities
Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunities
Opportunities for
for OB
OB
• Responding to Globalization
– Increased foreign assignments
– Working with people from different cultures
– Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with
low-cost labor
• Managing Workforce Diversity
– Categories of Workforce Diversity
– Implications for managers
• Recognizing and responding to differences
Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunities
Opportunities for
for OB
OB (cont’d)
(cont’d)

• Improving Quality and Productivity

– Quality management (QM)

• Responding to Outsourcing
– Fewer skilled laborers

• Improving Customer Service

– Increased expectation of service quality
– Customer-responsive cultures
Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunity
Opportunity for
for OB
OB (cont’d)
(cont’d)

• Empowering people
• Stimulating innovation and change
• Coping with “temporariness”
• Working in networked organizations
• Helping employees balance work/life
conflicts
• Improving ethical behavior
Basic
Basic OB
OB Model,
Model, Stage
Stage II
Model
An abstraction of reality
A simplified representation of
some real-world phenomenon
 Basic OB
Model, Stage
II
Major
Major Workforce
Workforce Diversity
Diversity Categories
Categories

Gender
Gender
National
National
Disability
Disability Origin
Origin

Age
Age

Race
Race
Domestic
Domestic
Partners
Partners
What
What Is
Is Quality
Quality Management?
Management?

1. Intense focus on the customer

2. Concern for continuous improvement
3. Improvement in the quality of everything the
organization does
4. Accurate measurement
 Organizations are no longer constrained
by National Borders

Ex- NOKIA, MCDONALDS

World has become a Global village

What motivates u may not motivate others
Your style of communication may be straight forward
But others may be uncomfortable

Individualistic and Collectivistic.

High context and Low Context.

Employees don’t set aside their cultural values,
lifestyle preferences, and differences when
they come to work.

The challenge for organizations, therefore is to

Make themselves more accommodating by
addressing their different styles, family needs,
work styles.

More Womens
More Young people
Mgrs are called coaches, advisers, facilitators

Decision making is being pushed down to the

operating level

Empowerment- Putting employees in charge of

what they do
 In this competitive world its very difficult to be
Ethical

Should they blow the whistle if they uncover

Illegal activities taking place in their company

Should they follow orders with which they don’t personally agree.

Do they allow themselves to play politics in the

organization.