INTRODUCTION The Roots of Rural Poverty. Historical Background NEIL PARSONS AND ROBIN PALMER Tistntroductionividedinta thre sections. Inthefrstofthese we tTeconenedtopaceinrngokintahionepnpnalcones dio ‘epee price contusion whch we fet hast fer tothe SieBiny Uebate on unterdevelopment: Im the second section we SBliockcy soilandeconomicdevelopmentsin CentratundSouthern ‘Ritsuntiscry essential onproperuncerstandingof the essay the ied dence enronnerensyhperamo ‘Nidan agicltre, ofthe past economie history ofthe ate, ofthe particular characteristics of the Southern apd Central Arican Pebomic reports andl telahosr soppy myth on he South Afi“ fines, The id Section consists ofa ahrt essay on undrdeve- entinSwazlandand Lesotho, wichbathcompenstesforther! TFoaphet treatment elsenbere and serves telstra some of wie Inala hemes which recor throoghout the book Immedissly precede {nguthe lvoguetion, there fsa bret mote nthe Muctuatons ofthe Bris, South Atcan Belpan, an Portuguese corences Tor the purposes of tt boak, Central and Southern Affica is defined ety rough, as Alc south of, lin flatude which ches fyom jst moh of Lan on the Angolan cast, thro hers Zane erossen tee southern ip of Lake Tanganyika and leaves the east cont of Afien fo the north the Movambiaue- anzane borders Central nd Southern Afea wil have denn Conotations overtime tespecal pre-and post the Soul Aftican ‘tera evolution), butcompeeeenentally fhe savanna ands af the ‘Erkcaflacuatibne bom) souhetthetrpaoess a he Iaoograpky and theory From: Nei) Parsenr eniral and Eastern Africa, reached its apogee in Gray and Bire g- ee 1 fi Bley Serpette aa The Rowe 4 Qant t Cae ™ at 1 aan Arie | (Londen, Ueneese. vesnkys of The ars of are Hvar way Fre Sanat Aiea Trade, bat one which also goes a Tone way recoil Mat gt etiquette tt (ovr gifaghursaynotinvextgate he modes productionand sci Fe maga pe rue of exchanges! A second and ited ‘inngrpyon wich Roi ary ews ho pane Nstorograghy oan stimulated bythe publication of ational ist eal ntores bythe Histrial Assoations of Zambia Seretlte Menge, wry Range, fe andvanZwanenbers Faeries clearly pred eure ofthe chaptersinthis book aa rn ah feveutch which, tough yet scrty tne, See ne ee acai yenrapraduceamumbes ofimporint doctor ese ee nesta story, should be noted, de die ean what might be termed agricultural sclence wih Boone at exemplified a Witham Allan's The African sa acon of 198, and inthe more polemical works of René no qweamnch otheiterdtciplinary concern with peasants oe a peion proltaans sapolearamzation wimlted by Seen rGlovanns Aregh on Rhodesia, especie hi ae Bop atc Labour Supotes in Historical Perspective * Sina gn ont the Rorcal eentadrtons inherent capitis righ rou oat the gro os peasantry upp iS serslonmen hen proceeding totbreak up that peasant in Ode (0 {edn doourAlmamer of our contabutors ce The somewhat serie deitonol Atican peasants adopted Saul and Woods a Hee eretintherctoindieatetorenders that peasants are aaera ee roduces ehointend oma livingby sli pat Sra ptorhdcds we proltarians are wage carnesinthehie Sree as peeneneinaiiculs oF amemners of fay of an cmployey a oh ote he: the yea coon economy it Fa mt eine Aen put people a netmeate postion Geeush he picnomenon of Temporary labour migration and The Wudigon of subsistence wage’ in ot cic dbl ts coved to fail Gc. commited to yuma chaos ssn wimg Frey Fe ily ced Same Amun has gone beyond both denen ESS peoy sesed shor) and orthogonal Seren Asean pelical czopomies, whe Mesasouy and Ipact span Aecneaed po the study pre-catat Arcam Terry aN jason Cera and Souhers Africa can clay derive aa eee parson ath ater pars ofthe continent, and sey bene Feparson might well ake out of is West Africa a ee atcre depute shout whether ere Wan only one reeapialst mode of peodoction i Aico Fata tof alfhomever, the debate on the" development of anne eTapment which was iiiate by soca sienistsconcerped pistonIcaL wackonoun : vith Latin America then spread aeross the Atlant to Africa and WRAY touted idespreadiierest inside and ouside weademic cee vot the Ted World, According fo what has come (0 De ieee enn sr era, te declan pees tng in sorase,Tsriave, orn often mera conicn e a kets tlvocaed by development panners sn Africa nthe P30, tases who hal see capitan as progressively spreading caopment tronghout “backward hitetlans. Expres thus Seer ge seen how “dependency fellecs convener eekinimen, whe "modertzaon more earker mses tii ely the cride appeal of dependency theory however we eeeeieh cunt overs Maraisteandothershavecritzedits peeShiteanonby Andfe Gunder Frank, Walter Rodaey andi) ‘Rte attra sents tearsei bona rao iy precise sights and dale reasoning. Even Rah Ser mga lack. Alrn, mow wes arent South Onc theory to persuade African countries o dvet her ade Fee en ee Pitatoniaden Wea, and towards the beter erste by South afia, Pato he vale of thisbook, we el, [eta theca the theory apse the evidence of variedhistoneal eset We re convinces tat dependency theory remoinsautal fe poids ue Toman unre = depen [eke nderdevelopment) reece” Ath pore Hs perhaps ea isedomtclenne eee Scotome dedopmen ental improved standards of Tving 1 iat ae oer and the “al economy” — who ree eece ching corresponding sodies of theory, The aac peratery concent as nfl een employed by both depen Se eg Pandenieatemineonse Amongthelater, Green and rs Betelopment in Aca emanating from Johannesburg in 1962, is peers portant fc having popularized the en of white seer rare tng ut evelopment nto the lack sbutry areas of SURG Pad Cental Attn = Depeneney theorist 0 cou te Sauter dctvomacentiugl one oacenepetatone there RENAE ephery: One prablem wits core~penphery modcls ti lsc ie Ya and repona cores together in a word iam te Sch ends tothe use terms suchas peipcralcentes dierrehyeperiheres- Marin Legasich Chapter 7 utlges Shecpt of South Aticateing s-sub-metropoeof te world syst Saree Nicos of Wester capitis but posts 1 sangha sutonomyaveriteovmpenphery. 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