Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad (S&S 12.

7)

One circuit configuration for several different second-order filters?

Î Two-integrator-loop biquad (biquad)

Vhp Ks 2
Consider = 2
Vi s + s(ω 0 / Q ) + ω 02

1 ⎛ ω0 ⎞ ⎛ ω0 ⎞
2
Vhp + ⎜ Vhp ⎟ + ⎜ 2 Vhp ⎟ =KVi
Q⎝ s ⎠ ⎝ s ⎠

1 ω0 ω 02
Vhp = KVi − Vhp − 2 Vhp
Q s s

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

1 ω0 ω 02
Vhp = KVi − Vhp − 2 Vhp
Q s s

Express the above equation graphically Î block diagram

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Vhp Ks 2
Since = 2 ,
Vi s + s(ω 0 / Q ) + ω 0
2

Vhp K ω0 s
( − ω 0 /s ) =− BP
Vi s 2 + s(ω 0 /Q)+ω 02
Vhp K ω0 2
(ω /s )
2 2
= 2 LP
0
Vi s + s(ω 0 /Q)+ω 02

Biquad Î Universal Active Filter

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

How to implement biquad?

Vi 1
Vo = - ⋅
R sC
Vo 1 ω
=- =- 0
Vi Vo Vi RCs s
1
ω0 =
RC

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 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) biquad

Use superposition (Vi, Vbp, Vlp)

R3 ⎛ R1 + R f ⎞ R2 ⎛ Rf ⎞ Rf
Vhp = ⎜ ⎟ Vi + ⎜1+ −
⎟ Vbp R Vlp
R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ 1

Î Weighted sum of Vi, Vbp, Vlp

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad
KHN

R3 ⎛ R1 + R f ⎞ R2 ⎛ Rf ⎞ Rf 1 ω0 ω 02
Vhp = ⎜ ⎟ V + ⎜ 1 + ⎟ V − V Vhp = KVi − Vhp − 2 Vhp
R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ i R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ bp R1 lp Q s s

R3 ⎛ R1 + R f ⎞ R2 ⎛ R f ⎞ ⎛ ω0 ⎞ R f ⎛ ω0 2 ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ Vi + ⎜1+ ⎟⎜ − ⎟ Vhp − R ⎜ − s 2 ⎟ Vhp
R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ R2 + R3 ⎝ R1 ⎠ ⎝ s ⎠ 1 ⎝ ⎠

2 R2 1 R + R3 2 R3 1
∴ R f /R1 = 1 = ∴Q = 2 K= = 2−
R2 + R3 Q 2 R2 R2 + R3 Q

ω0=?

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

How about Notch, All-Pass Filters?

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad
How about Notch, All-Pass Filters?

⎛R R R ⎞
Vo = − ⎜ F Vhp + F Vbp + F Vlp ⎟
⎝ RH RB RL ⎠

Ks 2
Vhp = 2 Vi
s + s(ω 0 / Q ) + ω 0
2

ω0 − K ω0 s
Vbp = ( − )Vhp = Vi
s s 2 + s(ω0 / Q ) + ω 02

ω02 K ω0 2
Vlp = ( 2 )Vhp = 2 Vi
s s + s(ω0 / Q ) + ω0
2

Vo ( RF / RH ) Ks 2 − ( RF / RB ) K ω 0 s + ( RF / RL ) K ω 02
=−
Vi s 2 + s(ω 0 / Q ) + ω 02

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

How about Notch, All-Pass Filters?

Vo ( RF / RH ) s 2 − ( RF / RB )ω 0 s + ( RF / RL )ω 02
=− K
Vi s 2 + s(ω 0 / Q ) + ω 02

RF RF
Notch Filter: = 1, RB = ∞ , =1
RH RL

RF RF 1 R
All-Pass Filter = 1, = , F =1
RH RB Q RL

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Other types of biquads?

KHN Biquad

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 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Tow-Thomas
Biquad

No Vbp

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad
Vbp with Tow-Thomas biquad

V1 V2

⎛ ⎞
⎜ V2 ⎟ ⎛ Vi V1 ⎞ ⎛V V ⎞ 1
Vo = − ⎜
Vi
+ ⎟ (QR //
1
) V2 = − ⎜ + ⎟r V1 = − ⎜ o + i ⎟
⎜ R // 1 R⎟ sC ⎝ 3 r ⎠
R ⎝ R R2 ⎠ sC
⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ sC1 ⎠

Electronic Circuits 2 High-Speed Circuits and Systems Laboratory

 Lect. 16: Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad

Vbp with Tow-Thomas biquad

CR = ω 0

C1 = 0, R2 = ∞
V2
V1
1⎛ 1 r ⎞
DC Gain: ⎜ − ⎟
C ⎝ R1 RR3 ⎠

⎛ C1 ⎞ 1⎛ 1 r ⎞ 1
s ⎜ ⎟+ s ⎜
2
− ⎟+ 2 All other filter functions are
Vo ⎝ ⎠
C C ⎝ R RR3 ⎠ C RR2
=− 1
possible with proper setting of
Vi 1 1 R,C values (Table 12.2 in S&S)
s2 + s + 2 2
QCR C R

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