Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Objectives:
At the end of the case presentation, the students will be able to acquire knowledge,
basic skills and develop desirable attitudes through the utilization of the nursing process in
Specific Objectives:
forearm.
Assess client.
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INTRODUCTION
A wound occurs when the integrity of any tissue is compromised (e.g. skin
breaks, muscle tears, burns, or bone fractures). A wound may be caused by an act, such as a
blood vessels are flattened against the underlying hard surface. The term laceration is
These wounds are torn, rather than cut. They have ragged, irregular edges and
masses of torn tissue underneath. These wounds are usually made by blunt (as opposed to
sharp) objects. A wound made by a dull knife, for instance, is more likely to be a laceration
than an incision.
Soft tissue injuries of the hand rarely are life threatening. However, the high
incidence of disability from chronically painful or unstable joints is reflected by the fact that
accidents with machinery are lacerations; they are often complicated by crushing of tissues as
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well. Lacerations are frequently contaminated with dirt, grease, or other material that is
ground into the tissue. They are therefore very likely to become infected.
The costs for treating these injuries are considerable and include not only the direct
costs of repair but also the indirect costs borne by the patient, his or her family, and society.
These indirect costs include, for example, time off from work and costs incurred while
seeking care.
Skin wounds of the hand, although commonplace, should not be trivialized. They
must be handled with a methodical and thorough approach to optimize outcome and
minimize morbidity.
Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated in human (including fight-bites) and cat bites and
may be of benefit in dog bites as well. The use of antibiotics in other hand wounds is
controversial but generally is best reserved for contaminated wounds and puncture wounds
Hand wounds older than 6-8 hours should not be closed primarily because of an
increased likelihood of infections. Irrigate and explore such wounds and apply a sterile
dressing. Recheck the wound in 2-4 days, with consideration of delayed primary closure at 4
days.
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Definition of Terms
Creatinine Kinase – an enzyme of the transferase class in muscle, brain and other tissues. It
Creatinine Phosphate – an enzyme that increases in the blood levels when muscle damage
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Muscle – a kind of tissue composed of fibers that are able to contract, causing and allowing
Muscular system – all of the muscle of the body, including smooth, cardiac and skeletal or
pyruvate
Radius – one of the bones of the forearm lying parallel to the ulna, proximal end is small and
forms a part of the elbow joint, distal end is large and forms a part of the wrist joint.
Skeletal muscle – are composed of bundle of parallel, striated fibers under voluntary
control.
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Muscles are often viewed as the "machines" of the body. They help move food from
one organ to another, and carry out our physical movement. There are approximately 639
skeletal muscles in the human body. However, the exact number is difficult to define because
Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse") is contractile tissue of the
body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.
One of the most amazing things about the human body is the incredible range of
movement and mobility it has. This day to day activity is accomplished by our muscles
through the extraordinary and fascinating ability of converting chemical energy, energy
Within the voluntary skeletal muscles, the glucose molecule can be metabolized
anaerobically in a process called glycolysis which produces two ATP and two lactic acid
molecules in the process (note that in aerobic conditions, lactate is not formed; instead
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• Brachialis – immediately deep to the biceps brachii. Anterior surface of distal
• Flexor Carpi Radialis – superficial that runs diagonally across forearm, is the medial
• Flexor Carpi Ulanaris – superficial medial to flexor carpi medialis. The distal to
forearm, it flexes wrist and middle phalanges of second through fifth fingers.
PHYSIOLOGY
The three (skeletal, cardiac and smooth) types of muscle have significant differences.
However, all three use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction. In
skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves, the
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All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Muscular activity accounts for much of the body's energy consumption. All muscle
cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules which are used to power the
movement of the myosin heads. Muscles conserve energy in the form of creatine phosphate
which is generated from ATP and can regenerate ATP when needed with creatine kinase.
Muscles also keep a storage form of glucose in the form of glycogen. Glycogen can
be rapidly converted to glucose when energy is required for sustained, powerful contractions
Muscle cells also contain globules of fat, which are used for energy during aerobic
exercise. The aerobic energy systems take longer to produce the ATP and reach peak
efficiency, and requires many more biochemical steps, but produces significantly more ATP
A majority of the muscle in the forearm help control a part of the arm. Among these
The name of the flexor carpi radialis is a good example of how muscles are named by their
function and location. This muscle is named carpi because of the bones that it helps move,
the carples. Also, the name of radialis is made by the bone that its attached to, the radius.
Biographical Data
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Name: Mrs. W. N.
Nationality: Filipino
Occupation: Housewife
Admission Diagnosis: 8cm Laceration in Right Arm ; Nerve Injury 2o to Blast Injury
Operation Performed: Debridement Myorrhapy Right Forearm with Short Arm Posterior
Mold.
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Vital Signs: BP-145/85 mmHg
PR-100 bpm
SO2- 99%
Occupation /Hobbies: Housewife, but occasionally sell goods at her makeshift stall during
History of previous hand problems: None. Except for minor scratches and lacerations
from ADL’s.
Prior to admission, at about 9AM , the patient was the attendant of their store.
She placed bottles of beer inside the ice bucket which has been exposed under the sun. At
around 11AM, somebody bought and upon getting the bottle from the bucket, it bursts and its
fragment strikes on her right arm and buried deep into the muscles.
She applied pressure on the lacerated site with her left hand then she
was brought o the health center. Her wound was cleaned and a dressing was applied. The
physician was not there, so she was advised to seek a physician. They went to the doctor near
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their place. The wound was examined and the dressing was changed. She was referred to the
hospital for further treatment since the doctor has incomplete equipments.
Neurologic System: Pupils are uniform in size & shape. Difficulty moving the middle finger
Extremities and Skin: Presence of lacerated wound of the right forearm, even distribution of
hair in extremities
Abdomen and GI: Regular bowel movement, presence of bowel sounds, no discoloration or
tenderness noted.
GU: noted a clear lt. yellow colored urine, LMP Aug. 29, 2008, and has regular menstrual
cycle.
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Hematology Report: September 16, 2008 (3:21PM)
hemorrhage
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Pre-Operative
Assessment
Subjective:
Objective:
Restlessness
Voice quavering
Nursing Diagnosis:
Planning
General Objectives:
Specific Objectives:
mild.
Nursing Interventions:
Introduce self, address the patient by name warmly, provide explanations and
Rationale: Provide sense of friendliness that can help the patient feel secure.
Use common basic communication skills such as touch and eye contact.
Rationale: The presence of a trusted person assures patient of her security and
Tell the patient who else will be present in the OR, how long the procedure is
expected to take.
Implementation:
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1) Introduced self, addressed the patient by name warmly, provided explanations and
2) Used common basic communication skills such as touch and eye contact.
5) Told the patient who else were present in the OR, and the estimated time the
Evaluation:
Goals met.
The patient:
Intra-Operative
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Assessment
Objective Data:
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
General Objective:
Specific Objectives:
Nursing Intervention
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Independent:
Dependent:
microorganism
Implementation:
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Evaluation:
Signs & Symptoms of infection was not noted because it arises after 72 hours.
Assessment
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Objective Data:
Open wound
Nursing Diagnosis:
Planning
General Objective:
Specific Objectives:
Nursing Intervention
Independent:
operation.
Dependent:
of microorganism
severity.
Implementation:
operation.
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Evaluation
Goals partially met. The proper aseptic technique and control of infection was
observed. But then, the infection was not noted because signs and symptoms of infection
Drug Study
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Generic Name:
Ampicillin
Trade Name:
Ampicin
Classification:
Antibiotics; Penicillin
Action:
Indication:
Treatment of infections
Contraindication:
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Adverse Effect:
CV: CHF
GI: Glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, sore mouth, furry tongue, black “hairy” tongue,
Nursing Responsibilities:
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Generic Name:
Ranitidine
Trade Name:
Zantac
Classification:
50mg, IVTT
Action:
the stomach, inhibiting basal gastric acid secretion that is stimulated by food, insulin,
Indication:
To prevent aspiration.
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Contraindication:
Adverse Effect:
Nursing Responsibilities:
complication.
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Raise the side rails of the patient’s bed.
malaise.
Generic Name:
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Cephalexin
Trade Name:
Biocef
Classification:
Antibiotic; Cephalosporin
Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Effect:
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CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias,
GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, liver toxicity
GU: Nephrotoxicity
Nursing Responsibilities:
resistance.
Generic Name:
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Ketorolac Tromethamine
Trade Name:
Toradol
Classification:
Action:
synthesis.
Indication:
Contraindication:
Adverse Effect:
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CNS: Headache, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, fatigue, tinnitus, ophthalmologic
effect
ulcers.
Generic Name:
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Promethazine
Trade Name:
Phenergan
Classification:
Action:
25 mg IM
Indication:
Treatment and prevention of motion sickness; prevention and control of nausea and
Contraindication:
Side/Adverse Effect:
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CNS: drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness, tinnitus, tremors
Generic Name:
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Nalbuphine HCl
Trade Name:
Nubain
Classification:
Action:
It inhibits the ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of & response to pain
by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS. It also produced generalized CNS depression.
5mg IVTT
Indication:
It is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain & it can also be used as a
Side/Adverse Effect:
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CNS: Nervousness, depression, restlessness, faintness, hallucinations, dysphoria,
numbness
Contraindication:
Generic Name:
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Tetanus Toxoid
Classification:
Anti-tetanus
Action:
Tetanus toxoid preparations contain the toxin produced by virulent bacilli (detoxified
growth products of Clostridium Tetani), this toxin modified for treatment with formaldehyde
so that it has lost toxicity but still retains ability to act as antigen & produced active
immunity.
0.5 cc IM
Indication:
Side/Adverse Effect:
anaphylactic reaction
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Contraindication:
Inform client that the nodule may be palpable at the injection site for few weeks.
Tell the patient that it cause mild fever, soreness, swelling & redness where the
injection site.
Rationale: To inform the patient the possible side effect of medication to the
injection site.
EVALUATION
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Presentation of Program – refers to the facilities to be used in the presentation. It is
objectives to theme/topic, evidence of management and leadership skills and materials used.
Very Good - 27 – 40
Good - 14 – 26
Poor - 0–3
Content and Proceedings – it refers to the contents of the case on how the presenters
understand the case presented and how they organized the presentation. It is categorized into
Very Good - 21 – 30
Good - 11 – 20
Poor - 0 – 10
Very Good - 21 – 30
Good - 11 – 20
Poor - 0 – 10
INTERPRETATION
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TABLE I
Distribution of participants according to their evaluation to our case.
f
N = 44 % Total
I. Presentation of the Program (40%)
Very Good 41 93.18 93.18
Good 3 6.82 6.82
Poor 0 0 0
Total 44 100
II. Content and Proceedings (30%)
Very Good 40 90.19 90.19
Good 4 9.09 9.09
Poor 0 0 0
Total 44 100
III. Presentation of Paper (30%)
Very Good 39 88.64 88.64
Good 5 11.36 11.36
Poor 0 0 0
Total 44 100
The data shows that in the first category majority of the participants (93.18%) have
rated us with very good presentation of program and only (6.82%) of them said that we had
performed well. On the second, 90.19% had evaluated us with very good performance and
only 9% of them rated us with good performance. On the third category (88.64%) had
evaluated us with very good and (11.36%) respectively rated us good performance.
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