~~y: 2000-11-6-10

Res Prediction of Complex Targets

Sung-Ha Suk . Tad] Seo . Sang-Mi Jun· Hac-Sung Park· Hyo-Tae Kim

~WT:1:~9.1 cll';jr+ B-J?:l3J Djl~% -Il-liiloj 3!.~J-%2trl1-~}-_jIoJIAi 7~~,,?~ ;f:iiTEi .JI':='oJ] -?±~ 7~~2J-ll2} 7,:)%oJl ~~- 1.-11%% 7]~"8"l-~q. ~YT?:%.g. IfHr2]- _2_A~cJ£ E.c~'1:l :£]S1~oj oj]~~ ~1~ ;HfFi iL~c %t'-H-~-, %c.l-"J-~3j ~llo]~$J- SBR 7]1jlJ% 0l%~):t_ ~::t E."'1l% ;>;j]~-i5loj _3CBJ-i'-rl1 ~~71c.] 4:O:aAF]£ RCS~ 4::<j"8"J-9;J,I:j-. oj]~/4::<a-8 ~:ill-c Res jlR~ ~ ISAR ~_).J~ %i5}oj llj.Jl 7,:)££) ;1j.9..11j :2 ~:4c 1-r:J-t"] ~;z1t")-5:'l2 ~~{T-?:~.9j ~4'- ~}i(H!?J-% ~ 1l~~t:}- °lc.i~ ojl~ 1OJ-l{l.g. ~~::"-: 1l7j].Q} lE_:::;;i~<'-l71~~-Toj] -3Jfj 3:J%~ "f- ~r.J-.

Abstract

A summary of the development and verifications of a computer code being developed at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) for calculating the radar cross section(RCS) of complex targets is presented. The complex targets are modeled in terms of patches and wedges. This code utilizes physical optics, physical theory of diffraction and shooting and bouncing rays method to calculate the RCS of complex targets, For the verification of the ReS prediction code, a simple-shaped scale-model was manufactured and the RCS was measured at the POSTECH compact range. The obtained RCS was processed to give frequency-domain RCS patterns and ISAR images. The predicted ReS shows goad agreement with measured one. The ReS prediction methods presented here are applicable to stealth design and target recognition.

1- Al

~}.}lEZj 9.] eI] 0) q- "Etli13:J(radar cross section, ReS) oJ]~.g. J,)~ i[?:JH]9.] eI]olt:J- 9.]~s::.7~ -ito} 1101] 1X)-4 ~ -F.B./;;jo] -¥-z}~]~ ;Uq- !f~ -;:;:-;.1-£ Zj 2.] Res oJ]~.i']- i'-.B. ..-:±t.!-!f:! 011 r~ ~- 0] ~R-c z: :AJ J:l].9.J -~71]L-} 711{ioJ) ~Jo-l}.-l ~::f-Zj 'i'l1f-~o]q_ 0) i'H:l- %.B_).;;jo1)S: ~~"8"I-J'. ~.g-71, tj-::<a; P]!.]-W ~ 21- ~t. ~~(-ll-3::%9.1 Res tH0:)~:r--c o}Z1 ~Ad ~ .A] * "5"~ J7. llj4f ~ '6n -F oj] V q[l]_

RCS nj)~-it-;(il~ 3.711 _!;l_O)- {i?r1Il- ~~:HI:-;:,jl~

~*~ 'l=- ~q, ~A}:rr} "-:±iCl:-!f-A~l ~ ~ 'T ~J~ 7} AJ rl1lE3i~ llJ-:t{j.9...£~ 1:,lj_9itc.)~ o]%"8"}<.:4 J[lu] * 11{1l~ 'i'l TIl-%l3J::<j6J% ..... JD1~ tid-::<c!~.£:.~ l:lPt o-JAl -o~ ~ -1~A- 01 UJl l(1-T'--lt-C1 ~ T~ Ad-p] ~ llJAJ -"19-1 -o]~ Bessel, Hankel, Legendre ~'T- ~ 2_ ~ li ~ ~]-c .!f-- {"} if-? "!l E11.£ 1£ ttl '9 uj 1f- ~ ify 9-) 7l]-T-C ~ 7l13:: ~~.?. -¥- 1:1 -i- ~ -T- ~ 1:)- _ I ~1 L)Jt1-T-~c.]71 7Fz ~- 3::,;Hl A.}'I:!71) E-l -=t3::-c -1:17)%, -7-9t {l-.g. ~-T--~ ll71-:>::] ll~ojl~ 7~1~~t:t[21.

utc}Al 'ilElg1 -13::9-] 11A}J;l ~'I:!TA1] ~ ~7j Ji!-l.snA-l = TIl-%<fr::<j61% Il:B.?. °1%o}71 ~"C}-'c tll

~OJ-.:g-3!1t1l~jJ'. ~;>;1t:l71*"r*Dept. or Elcctromc and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University or Science and Technology)

• ~ ~ ~ _Q_ • 20000728-lOS

. 'TAJ%li 9J;z} ; 2000\,! 8i;l 22'lJ

929

~t}2-A} fi}~ ~~~Al)oj1 3lW~ 7] Ajfi}oj] ~A}o~ (approximated solution)~ -y-fll71) '@1::}. 9J1l-zj~£. lI};;<J01] HI tll ~ -r;':Qj {}~:Hi:~Al1~ OH.1j 'il~~ ];i) oj) 1= 7] jO}"1!-~(geometric optics, GO), 7] o}1~:P9 ft] ~ol~(geometrical theory of diffraction, GTD), %:cl ~~(physical optics, PO), ~ePJ'§{31 :!i11l Q]~ (physical theory of diffraction, PID) ~ S!1 2- -'T3lj- tl1 ~711jljO] })..o12, 3lj-AJol] lllt~ zr2. -=r-3::Qj <:H±~ Al]~ tH~o}-c Gl]D1]~ _2_~E-ItJ(method of moment, MM) ~Ql A~9-.TIj-'5'110:]7]~o] 3:!~t}'[.}.

~ ~;"tojlJ'i '[.}-'F- 2A} 'iSle ~~;"tAfc ~A}R3j .9.] RCS~ 8~12 OHz ~~]'{} X-l@.::::'01JAi :;j){}f)}~ ?;lo)'[.h O]I'l~ {}t:l-~7)]oJl';:: ~Al]T~),J q.g2} {[ ,: L-li 71-A).9.1 ~ ~Ql '1J,'[.}l3l. ;;;j:J1lii'_ .±Ezj.9.] -=t±~ ~Y~il7] £lAl ~i-e ~-"191 *{l-~ -=t~~O]c:1'. ~;Y:I)~ _tEZi 9.] 3..7]ec TI}ll'oj) ll]'B}aj oH- 7'Fi 7<] ~3lj- Y7-]:<ll{}- 71~% zj%o}71c ~l}'oii}'[.} . ..iJl:J1~ .?c. pl]o]49.} .±E3i{}2] 71el~ A%TI}7.Jo1] 'tiltll 1J~ .!f- ~ 0] Ai lP·i oj] 'ill} :£] c '?d;.1 TIl- 9.} 1£ Z:j oj]Ai ;;J] o)r:t.?c. ~~0J-2_c {}iC!3I} _2_f jiJ~TI}£ 2A}:.tjW ? 9J,q. 0l:J1].?c. i:+-(l ~El]q~ %~~ :;l_Q__£ ~]ol-7] U\I~oJ) monostatic RCS.9.] 7.'liLlj· ~ 2~3'} J?i -Bt:}.

Sf]Q} 7,}.g. ~~~~I) JJ-,%Ol]J.-] Z1~~ t]~7]~~ .£ ~;::: ~:c.) A}%:£]~ ;;H .±EZ:j9.] KJ?!% {}4~ !f.c J.}Z{~ ila~3'::Z{~.9.] 'U~£ ~"ill2d3'}.2, Zj.zJ.9.) l\:J Jtt 2} "'15'. '3J 'W l\:J f±zl:.9.] _£}.i i:'-) oj] £>i ~ {i At nt {}-ii:}% 7l] {}-ii}6:j 1:i W ~£. Zi }1] {}-~ TIt~ '1t-} :'= ]:l}O }o1 '[.1.["-01 :;:,;j :;;;.1-(1) 01 '8'\- .A} 2}_Q_ :;:,;j ,,1 r.l1 0 7] "-·1

'-- i;) ~_ r . 6 'L.!. ~ L.:.- ~ L.:... L 0 '-'t[ ....... , Tf ..:r:

~ %7}Zi*~ PO 71~~£ T-ol-oj {}-~3l}~ 7l]{}'6'}oj ~_;'i T'~ oj) .9.] 11- {}-<ft£-- PTDal) ~ 71 ~ ~ 1l. 3l} ~ 7l]{}w-_Q_3O.A-l {}-1:±3l}~ T~'[.}.

~ 'i':Toll Ai ~ ~;,(11 7~ ~.~~ ¥. ~J-t'-J:l1 Res oj) :; i!.~D11 rjJfi~a:j 71~~r:l. )l~.-& °l~o]l.-~ cr""-l 1i7~ .!;1_4~ RCS oJ):;% -'j',]tllJ.-] ~An 01% 7j-2g-tlPO, PID, SBR(sbooting and bouncing rays) ~ 9.) 7) lfJ% ~1ftl-6:j RCS cJ) :':;-0]] 3:j~ol ~%ill-c 2]AJ % )..-l~i>lr1 :E~} 7j.-r:Hsl ti'lE~ oj .tL~1-T' ;;Z¥..9.. 7]]

1-.:. ~J • 1.....:. C ~,_ d -n __. I Y-) .....l.- -.:::: 2. .... j

;q.-orO:J PO. PTD, SBR l]1:lJ % Z:j-§-t}oj RCS~ oj] ::-; il}.2 .:'t._8'J-.:g- t11 B:5f 71 t'-j ~ ~ ;;<J- 7-1 (com pact range) ~ o]%'B}6:j ~~ ~Aa~:;!r~- 1:l)jl~4.

930

.=:J. 'EI 1. jl~ {t .2. '\!I. "<l 9.) 0\)

Fig. 1. An example of patch modeling .

~).}li~91 ReS 111<:l-,: i[Z:j.9.) T3::7} ~cr~~] 7]- .£j;<j fi'~ ~{}~ T:S: 0]2 R~.9.] 37] ~ 1I]-1l' oj] l:l13'}6:j oR -9- 7lAi Ai -'T:IT} 'T ~]3:j 'il 74] <l7] 'El ~ Z1%3'}717} it7}~-~' ~£11°1o:j ill]ol'[.}~)- If.Z:jz}Q) 71 e]7} olH- ~ 6-) J.-] '\J ).}3l}~ <l'fr:vt ~ "¥-~ TIaJ?! :vt£ ~;'}:& w- "f- S'lc ~E1]o]q-. O]l-)tl- {}-~~Al) ~ all ~ -Or 7] ~) 01) J.i 3:j -ytl- l:lJ 1jlj;:_ :::L'iol 1 2j- :;{ 0 ] 1£ 3.j ~ 3@ 3£ Qj ~ 2.30. 2I "ill 2d fi} J1. 21- z.t Qj ~ 'i:l- 2.j_2.J.it'-joJ] Q]~ ;;:i7.11I} <It± g 7l){!--o~O:j Ll3'j-Oi 1:! il] A;:>.};-;l.§. .::1.-01.:'= 7:1 0] '[.l[71 jl~ "1_r.l] 0 7] 1:01:'= ~

L..:.'\.....:.~2. -I ''I___._ AT. Ci""t1._., IT +rt; 0

7}{iitw PO t-A}7]~_()_5'. -=t-ore:] {}-~-TI1-~ 7l)-;l' 3'}u:j _2_Al i'Q al) 9.J~. ~~,: PTDO]] ;::: 71 ~ :§:]~:IT} ~ 1l]~%~~""1 17-} ~~TI}~ -y-~'[.}. ~ ~~.9.1 ~~.£ .2. ~ ~ B K Zi -"1 {l''f} nJ-c c:} g:il} :;{o) 1.-)E}~ "i" 1l.1::}.

{ijJ] <l~TIi- = (~-'fl' ~~TIi-) + (.2.J.-]c:) <:l-'tlTI}) + (2~} <l1:±:rr1-)

~if} 29t:;{.g. -r;':Q1 {}-~"ill K\:l~).9.1 {lA}7~]~ ~ 7cl-9- {l-~~c {lAl.TIj-~ '[.}g2.j- ~;:_ l:if),l3j~

.g_ £tll .2t>l- ..>-. 01 '[.l[7] 2 o~ r:e.TM'I·

x ..

- ~ .

r = 1'1' = ZZ

;~~----------~~~z k,

y

=r 'El 2. ~Tt:l: -T~

Fig. 2. Scattering problem.

1 II ' ,......---t

-I- ~.- 'V x 'V X ds g( r. r)

}Wco '

(I)

oj 7] 01]},1 g(~, 7) 'c 37.}-1:l Green W"T ~ L}Ej. 'iR q. J.1:.q ~ {1_/.}711.9.J 'fJ A} j,lJ"5J ~ Ei Sl} {l-~ llf'Bd:

1JllEJ -k' --+k'~ GLQ"Jl.j. 7).0] :>:4 61'5'1- T~ 61,1.

I "I, , L_, T'p "E. 0 ~ =2. M "'1'

k'=-koCx 1'1<+ Y k,_v+ z 1".J k'= r ko == z ko

k; + le~y + k~ = 1

(2)

(3 )

1l"'}ll}2.j Zl·6~11;{ilf.g. 'i:l2.j.9.J llHfo] ~ T :?J2..

L.} ~ :C~ oj] J.·H:· 711 {l: .9.] {j.9.j-@: -'1-1 o}a:j 'TJ}, 1.:u}.9.] Zl ~~ l~.13'J g_ - z ~ ~:>:a '5}5::l, q. q::: 'TJ A})lJ'i5Joll k1.9.1 Res 711 {l. g_ i'-1'i5l] J.rc 'tl A}ll}.9.j zl '6~ llJ"5J ~ L'a)..]71~ .R3cj g_ 1!:1{1_J.17'1li:! Bq.

~ (2):::: OluH1 7t~ icto] ~""''l!l. llJ:>:a~~.£.lf~ El %s=.~ ?n0jE..£ ll:!if~ '5Bo]q . .f-t:l7} q~~ A} %}:::: {l-~ ~Al]c Cl]O]Il9.]· lIzi:j-2.j 71i017} 11} ;;;J01] B]lI'R uHJf- ~ojJ.i lE3cj01] 'fJJ..}'5}'c 1:1A}TIj·9.} ~]o1[+S:. ~o}2._-C {l-~TI}~ ..£T SJ8li'!TIj-.£ ·2.J..}§j· ~ T S'J. g .. ~ 71] {}.~ ~Al] ~ :] Jf-oJ] 'c .:::I ~ WT ~ q-g JI} ~ol -2A}1!:} ~. T 9J.Ii·.

~1 (4)~ o]%t}1i'1 '?:j9.]S!J lBJEi -:4011 tH%}O:j t:+ %J!} ;Q-,'"_ ~% ~% T :?Je} .

(5)

-}A'Dr

--)o"---------*~ ') e

'VXV'Xg(r. /)..-1 = (-jko)-~4--

llrr

(6)

~ (5)Q-} (6) ~ 0] %t'}li'! ~ (1)~ ti'%J!} ~,g. ~ 'EN;;'. %s:.~ ~ ?}G}.

-Jr~Y

jWflo ~ rx lIds'

41cr s

[ rX { 71(7 x H(?)}

- ~l~ { n(7 x B(7)} 1 e }N[.Z

ZO 1

,where z, = ~

(7)

.:::Ic1t.]·~ (7)~ u)71il'J-'tl -gC;-) Dl61Qj 3'}~ :11} -9-~ 21 3j ~ .oJ 4i'01] 0111 ~}o:] ~~]/.] ~1r~ ~ F11 0] G}. ~ ci L.} .if. Z:) 0] .!f- ~ Ii§ 'B. ~ 1-i-01] c G}%2l ~.g. Fresnel 2AH% 3j~·W 9- s:J.t:}!31.

(9) (10)

oj7Joll;..] E,(7) , E:c-;J) , ~(7) 'c .:::I ifl 3 oj] A-1 st 7J 0] L]- z{ If..3j.9.J If. l~ oj] 1J At %]:::: 1:1 711. 'tj {Fa -ll':- ~} A} :;i7lL 4:l -tv,:) ~ lfl-.A} {i 711 ~ 21 n] ~Gt . .g. ~tr<1jJ'l J::}f'c 0ifJ ~Al]c 1E3j2.j =17] 7]' Iij-AJ01] U] tV] u))-i- 3..~, lE.3j 9.] lE ij_ % I\il {l:~ 5'. .£ ~ %' 'OP] U\I ~01] F resne I ;::), t~ % A ].% ~}'c ]:,,11 3:jtJ-t'}q., 0J (8)~- o]%t'}O:j -6J (7)~ J::}A] -'J.';1 J::} %4 ~~ 61% ~% 'i' ~)G}.

(II) (U)

(4)

93J

(a)

(b)

:J~ 3. 1f-~ IiJ1i'!"ljAl.9J ~7.j.:ri}.9J ~lA

Fig. 3. Wave reflection from an infinitely flat patch. (a) E-polarized case

(b) H-polarized case

C971oJ1"'1 m(=l, 2, '" M)';:_ lE31%% ~t:;lPi:ltrc TI8~Q1 1~:L:2:.~ .9j PI '8}v), s.; ,-:, ml:/:l.}:~ 5JJ{l-9] .li l?1 ~ .9J PI ~q.

'(1Il}l1!JE~ -w: ~ qg:il} {f0) ~ 'T 9)q.

'fJ A}Il}7} - z l:lJitJ 2,£ {} i;~ t}.:l!. ~t!ll}7} +z lclJ <'>J 2,5', Zl '6] t-r-i:: monostaticv] 114'- <ltfrll}:::: -61 (l J)oJjJ,i r:t%,.i1)- ~o) {)-'4~ ¥)q.

932

(14)

(15)

---->

w~" = _~{nxRHEd+n)?EE,j_}

+ y(n)?ffE ,.!. - nxREE 'II}

(16)

-61 ( 14) £.1 ~ ~ Ii} 9.J AJ -If- ~ -1i-15l] "5'1- Z! c}% -61 ~ ~% 4=- ~Jq.

[ n;RH-n~E ll,nJRH+ Rd

ll"n/Ru+ RE)] n~?H- n;RE

[ E",]

s;

(17)

61 (17) ~ 01 %t}Z! M7~ £.1 "'8 ~Sj if)- 2..£ ~ ~ "0' ¥! .R3j9.J POol1 Q1tl RCS~ t:j-g :il1- {fo] ~ T ~} t:j-.

axy= ayx=

'k -Jkor - J oe

Vir

t~·

»s= 1 1- n~

Res

i, i= x and y (19)

PO 71~2 _£},-1cj°11 9.JZl- ~~4;=- {I_*~ .J1.?jt1- ;\) ?J-2 Ifa~£.] 1i-fi-~% Jl1{}t}e:j ~tfrll}~ 7l]~ 01- ~£ liB B"1] ~ 'i?l- ~i{}ll}Q1 3.7]7} :§P,;l, ll}Q] ~ 7] Q)- l:l)~ '6]-71 L} AJqj 31__S:__£ Z)- ~ ~.q- .2.j,]-7} If}

A~ ~q, 012.~ B- ~ ~!l}~ 2- ~ 3"}71 ~ ~}oj PTD 71 ~~ PO 71~~ WJ7l1 3:I%'5}oj .!:!q AJ~~ RCS~ ojl:; W 'T- ~q,

~ <g 49.} :Q ~ 5'./i t.1 -1"~ 011 rJl ~ ~ ~ TI}-c- _5J_ ,+~P'J-.9.j ~~4f zH'r~ o1%'6tO:j t1%:;!} ~ol YEj-~ 'T 91 I:jJ&j,

E:=- jke-)hr f{ZoIesx(sx1) r Jc

+IIJICsX t)e-ikrr.-'}dl (20)

a:j7lDll):j ? -c £J.icJ9I fHl lil/101, S ~ {1-~ :!l}9-1 z}t] llJ'6}% L.}F-}1.1H:· ~q.l 'Sjto~Ql-q, ~ (20) °lVi9J ~'i14f il* J~, 1m%: ~oaii}-c- BJ-~ojl ~ '5}~ Ef.g. '?:!-T'-7} z]_t]Si.]<;ct-c-L-11 zi % KnottQ} Senior:'] ;ll]"'l~l; ~ 7} zHFc qg:4 :.Q-gJ81,

_ 2j(X- Y)(1· e;)

I,> . 2t:JkZ

Sin p 0

_ 2j(X + Y)( t, ft.)

1", - . 2/:l'ky.

SID 0

(21)

(22)

0=17] oj] A1 ZOo Yo.c 7Hr~7,}oj] Ai ~ 'H TIlli:!!::..ijGJ£pm:,,::~ 5C]olt}Jl. X, Y-:::: Keller5!.1 :q1l.74] 'T-~ q%~ ~Dl ?'1 ~ q.

r=::.mr

:J. e:l 4, ~Ai ~ )J:-'tt T::;:

Fig, 4. Wedge scattering problem.

(23)

(24)

y cos ( : ) - cos (¢, + ¢r)

.::12.~J-t Keller.91 :q~7j14'-~ PTD 9:lil1Ij- ¥'i'l o} Y'4 PO lfrA}TI} 5=. ~ ~Z1- {i711 {E~jI} ~ -Tt"}7] ~l Z}- 711'T-01E.£ PID :q1l.~ T'B}7) !f11lTI;.i ';:::

Keller ~~11'TojlAi PO ~),}TIt Aa-lt-~ ;<Jl7i'O}O:joj: ~q.. o]~ Keller :q~;jI4-~ A}%'O}:::: tliZ! Uffimtsev :q~71]4-~ A}%W 14'- PO ~.AiTI}- l-.;Itt 01 711111 ¥! gJ81. Monostatic q} 7;:l4'- £1 Uffimtsev 9:111. 114- ~ t] g 2t :Qq,

{X - y ~ Xj ,0 s ¢,~ r : ;r:

i= X-Y-Xj-Yj , r-7r5.¢,~7[

x- Y~ YI ' 7[~ljJi~"1

{ X+Y+Xj ,O:;;'¢,~r-IT

s= X+Y+X1+Yj• Y-lfSrjJ,Sll

x+ Y+ Yj , If:;;'¢,~)'

(25)

(26)

Ctj710jPi x, Y c Kellers] :q1l;>]14-~ 9.jplc-} s. Xj, Yj ~ POOl] .9J ~ \frJ,}TIj- !d~o1] "5~ l:'Jil}

-c- ;>]14-.£,1,1 r:J- g 2t 7J:: ~ Ell _£ lE ~ ~ 4.

YI = t tan (r- if,) 1 X1="2tani,&,

(27)

(2&)

PTD 71ltl 3:j % oj] ~ oj Ai <'-i (21), (22)9-] ;= 7}{i *9.J- <>1 (25). (26)9.1 ~.AJ~lT 7i]{!Al .!:!rt ),11W.~ ~§__7} ~£_()}t:}. <>1 (21), (22)~ B7]' D. IT, 2Ti~ -14'-011 ~·Cl] ~ln()}Al ?i-Cc}. Ji:12 61 (25), (26) 2 ¢,±if,7} Jr<j_ 1-9-01) ;l,-ol f':-;l]'6}7] ?·;:cc}. 01

cJ~ ~Aj1~.g. 20J (21), (22)5ij ~-9-ojl~ '2-tr:-~ ";} i'-;~j_7H'2 ii~~ol 7}-'o'-t}l:},.rE~ ~-l (25), (26)Q] ~ -9-ojj'E- Talyor ~4-{l_7H ~ -jf t-}C9 ·2N ;,1 ~ 9 9J. cj_[]l.

933

1-¥- LX} {l-t!-TI}:C l:l]_ll'_Zi Aj~t}711 7l1{}~ T 9J~ 1fr~ Jl3j9..] ~A3~ -¥-1to1]A1 Zl:-'i:t¥l {i7}Il}7} JI 3j9J £E r:J-;: -¥-*_()_£_ 'fj),}t}OcJ B-'2-Ci-]i:- _2~} Zl:'i:tTI}~ 7l]~w- y ;ctt:j-. 0]-:= ~~3j~ 2"TTI)- -eAt 7]1joJ]A~ i"%3i_()__£ ~1~'5l'::: ~A1]{'l_()_3'- .±E2ijOl l'lj-fi.Jo1] lllt~ .=Lq-i:- 7}.A3 on 9..1t~ Jl3:j.Qj ~ -¥-1toJl ;.~ ~ 01' l~ )'h'H"1/-l-o] rl_s .!"I 1=1 nl] O:l '6]:-'2.. ]]] ~1

J'__ 1.__;,_ L:.- ~ Q vr,_ r"'i:C ..... 1 0 6 '2. /'.

7] it7] uJl ¥-o 1 r], ut-~};'1 PO 7]1TJ J!j- PID 7]1:1 ~ O]%t}Ctj RCS~ aj]~~ uJlDl]~ J'_z} ~~I!}~ j!_ tolw "i" ~'::: q~ 711:1 ~ w~] ~%EtnjO]: ~t:j-.

j!,z} <:!t!-TIJ--c B};..l_*lA~ "'l;>;:l_loJ};..l. T;}),l_T:l};_l icl'

L r ~ 2.~ ~ 2 1...:.. ~. L.:. r 1.....;. r, "L!

A-§l~-\1;.} Z T-~itl itl Ell 3'- ~AB t}J11 f:l'Cj-- :l c~q :)Hj--T~,€9..l Res 74\{!oJj;"H: ~+1:)}A} (\1 N- '-'-Til";"} ~WJ, ~ L:X} Tfr;"}TIj-~% 2;:;jt}et!£ T:ll.ll3j A~~~ RCS ~ ~% T ~'Cj,l71.

27.} \1)+'JI}~ 7l1.;±'Or'::: t1J-llol] '::: 3.711 GO-PO, PO-PO, SBR 71~ 'g°1 :vq. ~ E-~oJl;.i~ ~'tf-T £%.9.] RCS cjl~Oll 3iy~ SBR 7]1l~ 0]%~q[91. SBR 7]~oJ] qjt~ ~~ ~ t}lii q%J!} {[ri. ~71 al _£.1fej E:~011 ~;.j-'9~ ji'j;1.rrt~ {i-?z!o1] ~7.:1 ~ ii]t}71~ 3I3:jQ.] RCS~ aJ]?;<5j-7l ~1~ f!1'loJVH: 1f~oj] 3)1J Jf"'d~~ ~!'}Il1-7]- f!{l7lijolr:J-. u:}~r ,~-l 1E~.91 -'{1l-oJ] 7}AJE.) .lfH1% ¥Di J IlJl(!_Q,.£. Jf-Ei li8Ii'J.TI}7r If..Zi % o}iS"} 0:] ~Al~r.r JT. 7FH:}q. 7}

X L(XO,YD,ZO)

\ ~,~i

~ ,

,

,

- ~

4)- ,>

V irtual aperture

.J ~ 5. SBR 11 At ray

Fig. 5. Incident ray In SBR method.

934

">'J~] If.l~cPi ~~t}:C Ifa~nt,c 3'fl 5.9-} :;;l'~ $-E: "i"9.] ray9.! ~_()_£ 0!f-~7:~ ?Iq2 7!1/i+·tj Zj-zt.9-l rayQj ~lA, If-:iIJ-, ~~ 7.l£~ GO o,:l:~011J'i ~Zi'61Oi J;j~3j.Q_.£. K3:j% ~B}hj y._2_~ \1">l1'lOl]l'l PO %7]-{l *~ i;!J/,J 6']711 .fl q. Z/"z/'Ej ray7/- ;'1-.!..:.-C %71>i!-fr~ ol%oj-Oi )'±~:rr}~ Tot~ j_!_:Zr \1AHI 9.1~- RCS~ 1-\1 -'J-~ 9 \lr.}. 012i~ c~-6J_()_5'- I-\]~~ 27-r JilJ:J.}.n}~ PO, PTD 7] 'fj.Q_3'_ T-~' '§l:<} ..;1~Iij·011 r:io}o:lll~n ..;-1- ~:]:TI}~ T~ 9 :U_()_D11:l~1l Zl~TI}~ °l%iS}O:] RZ:j9..] RCS~ ;..il-;±tj·71] flr.l·.

PO, PTD, SBR 71lil ~ o1%'5'}a] _']_~ 6:2} ~~ itlE~-@: Yc K~.91 RCS~ oj]~o}OcJ ?;Aj~ {'lJ!~ _2J. B1.2t}5.;(c}. ~7j-t':- ¥"5J~rHoJlllj(l¥! compact range~ o]%t}a] "i"~~'6'}Xl.r:}. !f."5J-.::g.q] compact range-c ~lA7c1 <j-E1] Lj-, TI1.:r.:. 'liF.l] Lt, ~.Aj ~] C17l, Aj..'-r:tl ;11]0.]71, Jl.3j ~1-z!7] 'g g_ ~W~- ReS ~ 'liEl] q. ~.A3 ::<.Jl:l1E_J1 .i ~ Aj ~ K I J!} 7jer.

(a)

(b)

.J.a 6. -}11dfoaf.J1.91 ~:t~-~

Fig. 6. Scale-model of a ship-shaped target (a) Photograph

(b) Drawing

If.. 1, ± -oJ~ qj compact ranges] -4-Ad

Table 1. Characteristics of POSTECH compact range

E ),1 Ic}j q.j
=r 0 "
~7a "r-ilJ-ey. til ~ 2~20 GHz
2;.;;:, !{1llJ- HH, VV, HV, VH
-, 0
2,.;;:j lil~.:s:. (scnsiuvity) -50 dBsm
-, 0
ilJli':liIt Del ~ £1 3.7] 12m (h) X 1.2m (It) X I. 8m(d)
(quiel zone size)
711 0] Fe! llJ--'-1 2.E.!§..\'1101, ~q.j-;J
1:;371 lE.~ T, "-I z{ji'_tl 1fr"'t1
~ 0 -100 ~___J _ ___J_-'--'_---'_---'~___..l. _ _.L.L

100

es

'00

(a)

100

15Cl ~(l(J

At"l9i1 ~~r'l£'

25'

(b)

.::::lEi 7. tiH1Zf I§li':loJ)A-1.9.1 ojI4/~;;:d:t.! Res (a) oj]~ ~4, (b) ?,-7j ~4·60dB

Fig. 7. Predicted/measured Res in azimuth plane. (predicted data, measured data·60dB)

(a) VV polarization

(b) HH polarization

.: ~ 701] A·H:· tiJ~] 4( azim uth} Sid Z! oj] A1 S!.J vv -'4 HH I[1.rrHl r~~ 10 GHzoliA12] ~7a~_:;r}-'4 C91~1l_.l!}~ '-tE}1.]19}q.. ~7] 01])'1 PJ~~ .rJi ~ ~i t}r::] ::'; AJ ~.l!}'c RCS iV,'% 60dBsm '9'4-01 l-}E1-1.]19') q.. PO, PTD, SBR % % ~t}oj oj]~ Z!~2}~ ~~:;'.I.Q_} B]Ji1.3j ~ ~5:]t}:tZ_t?__r9. VVQ} HH l{1liHl {l-711jrto] B];:Z!- ~:;r}~ ~~,q.. l>J~ z{ iIf'(l "'1] Ai S'] ~ :il} oj] hi 11: T s:J. T 0 I 1Jl 1 B 9.J :.ITI ==! 7} ~}.g t~c:ct r]. 4-B ~Pl:C _±3~ Q] Ad ;1(0"), ~'i'2, .fB ~tol~ 'i£.!f--~9.J {,'-Z{7]% -¥-~o]r:}.

.9.] rs1 A tzj-:;r} zJ Ji1. t}'c 4-~, ~ lOll 0] r:}oJi Ai if Z:1 9.J ll2l1tl-% AJ1?i_t?__-,£ 1:l].c.}l;l_1l] £]-c zP=Q} ~j,] ~q. ~ifl 8oJ])-i-c ~Z1'(elevation) SIJ~C1jJ'i9.1 10 GHz 01] Ai 9.] ;-7H!l.:il}Q} ell ~~2}~ q~"1-}]9'}r:}_ tiJi'-]z..j- ~1;:j_oJiA1_Ql P}~7]'A]~ 4~~:ilJ'';:: RCS 7J-% 60dBsm '5t4<>l llC:}1-H ~ r.}. e:j 7] oJ]I'fr_ ReS ?J:0] 3.71iSlc 4'L~.g. ~5!. '5t ~ .2z.]-:i1} 270·, ~ ll~Qj ):l}~4-*oiq. o]-c ~oJ]Al 'i':l ~~. l:l].Q} PJ-%7}A]£ .RZ1 ~ SIJ:ifrO] o,l·'\'}1I}21 iJ)'}zJ- 2]. ~JI"5}7] lI)l,'tol q. J 212 ';;l.'-& .:I!.Z{oJi )'1-C Rz-j2] )'J-.!f-T:?:-'4 1l1tl- .!f-,:=z.ol ¥ 7R9.] 3Jzr .I!. lcj 1fr;"}7cl (dihedral corner reflector) T3::. ~ 0] if-01 A1 J1.7.} 1tiAI'}7} ~).~ t}7] n1),¥-oJl ~;:'_ zrs=.. 1j:l-?-lol]k] ~ Res ?J-% :;!-71] S1-c 1l. 0)1::} . .::::!.'2-)~ J1.Z{ o· ~50° ;..}oj oj] s:J. c 3f,o_ .I!.l.;j l[t-}.l1 T .:I: oJiAi ';: oj]~ ;;;]Q} ~ 7~ 7.] Qj S. 7.} 7} q-E .!f-* oj] }..il;l_r:} ~ 51 ~ ~ ~ ?~cr-l], 0] ';:: SBR 7] ~% Z;j-§-w 14- rayz] JE.a:]-@-"1] ~j;+w !IJ1 tll ... }2] ray tube s] if_z-j %0] .:iJ1_j,}t} ';:: +~ 0] .2.¥ .±I.3j % oj] ~;;B t}A] '?,§.2 '¥ -¥-~ lfr_3j % 1.]1-¥-oJ], OJ-¥';:: ~-¥-oJ] ~AR~ tqj9.] )Ji&"i~V·J% 2~t}7] P.i 'U7] tr1l-lr0]r:}.

~ifl 9oJ];"1~ ~AJ~:;r}Q} oj]~·~4~ o]%t}e:j 1~.Ad~ ISAR DaAJ% l...}E1-l11~:lA. ISAR "3 Ad-:". RCS ~ o]%t}O:j 21' {!-t}~oJ]A1 )J@~]:C {i7.}1I}.s>.] 3. 71 ~ 2;:<l~.f>] -i'-7,}Z9 ~ *¥.-'£ l...}c:}';1l_ D,PJ-o]q.lI01.

ISAR oa AJ;:'_ z-l ~ 9.1 781(1oJ] Ai llJi'-1 Z{ ± 14 .8" 0] 1.]1, "r3I}~ 8.3~12.3 GHz 1:ll~9.] RCS~ o]%-oj-a:J 2 j,}-{i FFT{fast Fourier transform)~ .29%t}erJ ~~-o} ;1J,q.. ~;;:~~2}~ o]%t}O:] 'i!,o_ ISAR °aAJ-:;r} oj]

935

(a)

(b)

=:l~ 8, 2z} IiJ~o11},lg_1 011~/~;':J8 RCS (a) cjl~ ~",}, (b) ~Aa ~J!l·-60dB

Fig, 8, Predicted/measured RCS in elevation plane. (predicted data, measured data-60dB)

(a) VV polarization

(b) HH polarization

~~4~ °l%fl}crJ ~::'. °8Ao). _1iI_¥ T.R~ {!iCl·~ AJ~ ~ AJt§ii}uj x'~J 1:l]_ilzj '?J5<1~~ ~ + ~Jc}.

v' ~

.!! ~~oJ1Arc '\Jg]g] IE3j% {i'Zf<!@ ~.& +~l ~ li'j:\,}gl ~W_9_~ .2.~r,Jo}O:j ~~lI}7} '?JA}W IL]] lIaoaoJ1 g1<51] {!~¥l ~111 {ilj]~ PO 71'{l ~ 0] %t}crJ ~A}3jCj c5n~ To}~JI_, 22/'12.]011 S!Jc511 ~ t}¥:l i'j7j] ~Jl1 ~ PTD 711;]% 01%'O}O:j ft}~c}, .:t:zt PO 71~2} PTD 71~_9_S'_c ~~'6}71 1],c 2

936

(a)

(b)

.=:l~ 9. AH:l<),)J'l~ HH 'I1L1}oll tB'i} ISAR c::l"c!' (a) ojl~ ~J!}, (b) ~Aa ~J!}

Fig. 9. Front-view HE-polarized ]SAR image. (a) VV polarization

(b) HH polarization

;l.lCnATIt~ SBR 7111% °l-§-'O}oj -=jL'6'})1c}, .::1~]JI_ 01?HJ 7] 'f;l~% 7J'F'6'}71 ~]'6'}e:] <:114' ~El]g] T ~~~ All3}'5'}crJ RCS~ oj]~'OlJl_ ¥ilJ~[B compact rangeoJlkl ~A,.J% ~tn ~]~.:e RCS5>.} 1:l]_lJl.'5'} ~{C}. oj1~¥l ~2}~ ~;':a 7,il2}5>.]- ll].iIt;tcrJ 1i~1P:l 'd 7cl'8d:~~ o}1-]2.} ~¥3:)'d l:l]iloJ];.is:. AJt8-t] *),}~- /,'J_:;rHt ':s!_;IJcj-.

]:~t ~ -'t!: {! ~ .IT} 7} T.R @ {}- ii:}--@ 01 !rH: 1y -?l zJ :llj~011;.iQ] Aa~, ~~, +~, 1l-zj'71%:lI} Z>].iICj ~ A}z}2} Jl_zj. ~ ~ oj1;,-] 9.] AJJf-{l-f:1-2} un 9.] 1:1}qr,1J!} .zJ.ll Zl 'lJ},}z}011 )'-1 ~ Aj ~ :lIt9l ojg ~2}7l- ~7.] ~.% ~. T ~r1-, o]:c ~ ~-ltol]Ai 3J%'tl- PO 7] ~

0] U} ~-'t!- -8-ifr1!}~ t~~-or~ til .:t_j!}Zj 'fl% ~u] ~·c},

Ij:(} 5'.Ait:l {}~2IJ-7t 'T Jl~ {!ifr~ 0] Slt ';;t.g.

RCS~ t+E1.Lj]:::: 'j'J"j-z.]-oJ];,i.9J ~Aa7,il~9t njl~ ~ j!]. s:.t"[. ~j:(lo}c9 PTD 71lfl01 Ij:(} 5'._},i?1 {l-~Ii} ~6joJ] 3:JW"9}% :§j-'il~19- 9l5irt. njl~ ~j!l-:::: 0-] uHl iJAJ-ZfoJ]A1S:_ 1f£0-o}:z1 U2 T7.]3:J~§_ ej-Ac:l 3:J~ ~2j-~ .!i!.~c}, ole PTD 711l3i%oJ] 'VC1Al %7}Z! *9.]- :§:l1lJl] T 711 \loJ) '''i %{l ]JJ1l 01 J(a :§:]-W ~ ~)u)~q, 2j:(]- ~A]-lI}7} i'--t! -8-~~01 5:1:::: °el Q:j ~ 2Zf ~1i:loJ1AiQ) 0°-180°°1] tB~tr:::: iJ;,}Zf oj] Al C -T- 7~.9.) zJ Zf 21--1 ~lA1 oj] ~ B- 2j:(} ~lA :rrJ- ~/-Jol cj]~ 1lxl- '51 ~Ac:l ~~oJVi ~ 1--J-cj-);l: rt. o)?H} },l-~~ u]if01 ±[3:j ~ ~:fr.9.1 W~5'. 5'. rg) ~ -OJ-oj PO, PTD, SBR % Zj%~ Res oj]~ 711l t *W~3:€~ RCS oj) ?;-6J) :R~3:j ojDj tlj.Jl?Zj ;;:c:l~ ~ ~~~ l-]-E}~ ~ ~ T 9)r:}.

~ ~ToJ]Ai Ai~B- RCS cjl~71~t ~Al) ~ Z! -r-{loJ)"i Tt]-o]-2 ~:::: ¥'W-T3:€~ RCS oj)~

-t±i(! Z!-=toll Z,]1J °1%~]2 ~lq. !E~ ~Acl ~Jll-9.j-

~ t] -o}cij ISAR <j AJ ~ ~6J] 01%5'1 o] * ~T:f':% .9.l ;}i():.!{\l_ ~~ ~ ~~ /-.~::: {"l_ 711 W lE-3:j \'l~ 7] ~ 'i1-r-0l)s:. Z:J%Sl2 9Jc},

[I] P. A. Lees, et. al., "Computer prediction of ReS for military targets," fEE Proceedings, vol. 37, no, 4, Aug., 1990,

[2] D, Gilberg, Elliptic Partial Diffraction Equa-

tions of Second Order, New York : SpringerVerlag, 1977.

[3] 7dAil-a-, ~lj-o}, 7d-,;}-Q-, "ReS ojl~ CODE7H W z.!~," KIST, 1996. 12,

[4] D. M. Elking, et, al., "A review of highfrequency ReS analysis capabilities at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace," IEEE AP, Magazine, vol, 37, no, 5, Oct, 1995,

[5] J uan M, Rius, er. al., "GRECO : Graphical electromagnetic computing for Res prediction in real time," IEEE AP. Magazine, vel. 35, no. 2, Apr., 1993.

[6] Nazih N. Youssef, "Radar cross section of complex Targets," IEEE Proceedings, vel. 77, no. 5, May, 1989.

[7] Dieter Klement, et al., "Special problems in applying the physical optic method for backscatter computations of complicated Object," JEEE Trans. on AP" vol. 36, no, 2, Feb., 1988,

[8] E. F, Knott, et, al., "Equivalent currents for a ring discontinuity," IEEE Trans, 011 AP" vol, 21, Sep. 1973.

[9] Hao Ling, et. at, "Shooting and bouncing rays," IEEE Trans. on AP., vol. 37, no, 2, Feb., 1989.

[10] Dale A Ausherman, et. al., "Developments III radar imaging," IEEE Trans, on Aemspace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-20, no, 4, July, 1984.

937

01 2.

938

1995\'l 2~ : ±~J-*Jlj-r.\lQ.tj]1_ {l 7,j-{l7j.:g.>l:j":;rt (.:g.'§fJ·ll

1997\'l 2~ : ¥.frJ-i'-4tl1~j]1_ 12 .7.}~71%~J!} (.:g.~~Al-)

1997\1 3~ - ~;;:ll : JI::5Ji'-:il/-r:ll~ .lJ1_ .:tl7.}zl.71.:g.>l:}:i'} l2{A)-:;rj-'AJ [=tl:{lt1;-ot] Res Dlj~, Res ~ll A)::::'11I, ~7.}TI} ~~

1997\1 2~ : ~sJ-i'-:il/-tl1~j]1_ :j .7.}{i 7] % q..it} (.:g.~·A})

1999\1 2~ : :£sJ-i'-4tJ1'@{.Jl :j 7,HP1%~:;;} Ct'-f1]-"'jA})

1999\1 2%,1 ~. ~;;:n : JI: 'lI-ti-:il-J:l1 9:/' ..li!. 1iAl-{!7)%~"3} "t,q:;q.AJ [t!'{!t1;-o):l Res clJ"f, Res ~'Aa !.j::::'ljJJ, EMI/EMC

1999\:! 2~ : rcjJ·-t'-3l}r:ij~l.lJ1_ ~ 7.}{!7j.:g:"Q:}3l} (.:g.~~-AJ-)

1999\1 3~ - ~;;:~ : s. 3}t-*~ ~ 2. 1i.~).{!7).:g.~:;r~ "'i . e!/-AJ- -! "9"J-:i!.)-:Ad

[{l:-{l-ltoj:] Res cjr~, ~cl£l -u :2:.7-1 '2.)

;' •.

ic ~ ~

(":y.;/ .

I~' ,

,'~" .

~cc ' , __ ~

b'''~

,

.

1999\1 2~ : 3E.sH-1·:i!.)-t1l~.lJ1_ {!

Aj"·'.:j7).:g.~·4 (.:g:~A)")

1999 tl 3 -%l. - 'B. All: .:£. '''J-i'-:il} t~ "5{ _i]l_ zJ. 7-}11_ 7J.:g:"5{:;;]- t:j -'-j-Jlj-Aj fi'l:{l.;'to):] RCS "lJ~, Jt"9:.rT3":% ~t:~if1

1978\::l : Al%tJ1~."ii!.. 11_Al.:g.~4 (~'il:JAl-)

1982\:! : A~%r.\l!i:/·."ii!.. {j_;:<.j-.:g."\l:}:i!.)(.:g. !i:/"-&j A})

1986\1 : The Ohio State University 11_Al.:g.·~r4 (.:g.~l;!/-Ai-) 1977\:1 ~. 1979\1 : ~'Ad~<:1~-r- 1: 'i1T~

1988\1 - 1989\1 ' The Ohio Stale University l"~·~'i3T1:J. 1986\:1 - ''BJI) : ±~'%4r1l"©{JI zJ.A}~7H,L>l:P} 3"::Ji1.?, 1f-.lt.T Jr_~

[~1J*oFJ .::;iA]ii/- <l-~, '?JF.:1Jl-} {ii'll ';l:1 tR'3:/, Res cjl~, If.3j'il'''l. EMI/EMC