PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

• Primary medical treatment for schizophrenia

• PAST: electroconvulsive therapy, insulin shock
therapy and psychosurgery
• 1952- chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
• ANTIPSYCHOTIC/NEUROLEPTICS
-decrease psychotic symptoms
-do not cure the disease but used to manage
symptoms
• MAINTENANCE THERAPHY

1. Fluphenazine (Proxilin)
-decanoate & enanthate
-antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia
and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations,
delusions, and hostility
2. Haloperidol (haldol)
-decanoate-
-Haloperidol is also used to treat severe behavioral
problems such as explosive, aggressive behavior or
hyperactivity in children who cannot be treated
with psychotherapy or with other medications
 EPS(EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS)
• DYSTONIC REACTION-spasms in discrete
muscle groups such as neck muscle and eye
muscle
- Protrusion of tongue, dysphagia and laryngeal
and pharyngeal spasams that compromise
airways, causing med emergency
- TX: dipenhydramine(Benadryl)-IM or IV
benztropine (Cogentin) -IM
PSEUDOPARKINSONISM
-shuffling gait, mask-like facies, muscle stiffness
and cogwheeling rigidity, drooling or akinesia
AKATHESIA
-restless movements, pacing, inability to remain
still and the client’s report of restlessness
-TX: Beta-blockers eg. Propanolol
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
-late appearing SE.
-abnormal, involuntary movement(lip smacking,
chewing, tongue protrusion, blinking, grimacing)
SEIZURE
-infrequent side effect
-due to high doses of medicines.
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
-serious and frequently fatal condition
-muscle rigidity, high fever, increase muscle enzyme
(creatinine phosphokinase) and leukocytosis
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
-failure of bone marrow to produce adequzte white
blood cells
-fever, malaise, ulcerative sore throat, leukopenia