Germ Layer Category SystemProducts

Endoderm General[1] Gastrointestinal tract. the entire alimentary canal except part of the
mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which are lined by involutions of the
ectoderm), the lining cells of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those of
the liver and pancreas
Endoderm General Respiratory tract the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of the lungs
Endoderm General Endocrine glands and organs the lining of the follicles of the
thyroid gland and thymus
Endoderm Auditory system the epithelium of the auditory tube and tympanic
cavity
Endoderm Urinary system the urinary bladder and part of the urethra

Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system (spine, peripheral
nerves and brain)[1] [2], tooth enamel and the epidermis (the outer part of integument). It also
forms the lining of mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails.[3]

In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm),
the neural crest, and neural tube. The latter two are known as neuroectoderm.

The body organs, tissues and systems derived from the mesoderm in most triploblastic animals
can be listed as follows:[citation needed]
Somites
urinary system, including the kidneys
reproductive system
muscles
connective tissues of the gut
Mesenchyme
most of the circulatory system, including the heart and major blood vessels
cartilage
bones
peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity)
dermis
Notochord
Mesothelium
Spleen