Module PMR

CHAPTER 11 :TRIGONOMETRY

Summary of the trigonometry

1. Tangent of an acute angle

2. Sine of an acute angle
3. Cosine of an acute angle
4. The values of Tangent, Sine and Cosine

Opposite Side Hypotenus

θ
A Adjacent Side B

Opposite
a. Sin θ =
Hypotenuse

Adjacent
b. Cos θ =
Hypotenuse

Opposite
c. Tan θ =
Adjacent

A. Calculating the value of sine, cosine and tangent of an angle.

Example :

1. In the diagram, AC = 26 cm and BC = 24 cm. Find the value of sin θ .

θ
24 cm 26 cm

B A

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Solution:

AB AB2 = AC2 – BC2

Sin C = = 262 - 242
AC = 676 – 576
= 100
10
= AB = 100
26 = 10 cm
5
=
13
Exercise : Calculate the value of sin θ for each of the following triangles.

1). 2).
R C B
θ

6 cm
5 cm 13 cm
θ θ
P Q
10 cm
A

3). A 4).
R

θ 25 cm
15 cm
θ
P Q
24 cm
B C
8 cm

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Example

1. In the diagram, AB = 15 cm and AC = 9 cm. Find the value of

cos θ .

C B
θ
9 cm
15 cm

Solution:
BC2 = AB2 – AC2
BC = 152 - 92
Cos θ = = 225 – 81
AB
= 144
12 BC = 144
= = 12 cm
15

4
=
5

Exercise : Calculate the value of cos θ for each of the following diagram.

P
1). 2).
θ R 12 cm Q
θ
R 5 cm
17cm

8 cm P

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3). K M 4). A 12 cm B
θ
15 cm 8 cm
15 cm
L θ

Example

1. Find the value of tan θ in the diagram as shown.

θ
10 cm

Q 6 cm R

Solution :

QR
Tan θ = PQ2 = PR2 – QR2
PQ
= 102 - 62
= 100 – 36
6 = 64
=
8 PQ = 64
= 8 cm
3
=
4

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Exercise : Calculate the value of tan θ for each of the following diagram.

1). P 2). A B
θ
25 cm
7 cm 13 cm 12 cm
θ
Q R

3). 4).
A L

15 cm 5 cm 13 cm

θ M 4 cm N P
B 9 cm C

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B. Calculating the lengths of sides of a triangle from the tangent, sine and
cosine of an angle.

Example :

Find the value of x in the following triangle.

x cm

θ
A C
15 cm

3
tan θ =
5

Solution :

3
tan θ =
5

BC 3
=
AC 5

x 3
=
15 5

3
x= × 15
5

x = 9cm

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Exercise.

Find the value of x in each of the following triangles.

1). 2). P
6 cm
A
x cm θ Q

x cm

θ R
B 10 cm C
1
tan θ =
2 2
tan θ =
5

3). 4). x cm
A A B
B
θ
x cm 14cm
48 cm
θ
C

7 C
tan θ =
7
24 tan θ =
24

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5). 6). R
K L
θ
θ
x cm x cm
12 cm

M
S 6 cm T
1
sin θ =
3 3
sin θ =
5

7). A 8). A

15 cm
x cm θ
x cm
θ
B C
C B
9 cm

3
sin θ =
3
5 sin θ =
5

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9). R 10).
x cm A
θ
S θ
x cm 16 cm
14 cm

B C

T 5
cos θ =
8
5
cos θ =
7

11). 12).
A B x cm
A

26 cm
θ 52 cm

θ C
C B
x cm
5
cos θ =
5
cos θ = 13
13

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Common Errors

1. Find the value of cos x in the diagram as shown.

E
6 cm
D
7 cm

θ
A 4 cm B C
8 cm
Error Correct step

CD AC
Cos θ = Cos θ =
BC CE

7 12
= =
8 13

5
2. Find the length of AC if sin θ =
13

A C
θ

10 cm

B
Error Correct Steps

5 5
Sin θ = Sin θ =
13 13

BC 5 BC BC 5
= = tan θ =
AC 13 AC AB 13

10 5 10 5
= =
AC 13 AB 13

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13 13
AC = 10 × AB = 10 ×
5 5

AC = 26cm AB = 26cm

AC 2 = 26 2 − 10 2

= 576
AC = 576

AC = 24cm

Extra Exercise

1. In diagram below, PQR is a straight line and T is the midpoint of straight line
QTS.

P 4 cm Q 15 cm S
x y

(a) Given that tan x
= 1 , calculate the length of QTS.

(b) State the value of cos y
.

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2. In diagram below, S is the midpoint of straight line TSQ.

y
8 cm
T S
Q

16 cm

4
(a) Given that cos y
= , calculate the length of TQ.
5
(b) Find sin x
.

3. In diagram below, C is the midpoint of straight line BD.

A

5 cm

x
D C B
5
Given that sin x
= , find the length of DC.
13

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4. Diagram below shows two right angled triangles, PQR and RST.
PRS and QRT are straight line.
P

17 cm

R
Q T
y

10 cm

S
15 4
Given that cos x
= and sin y
= .
17 5

(a) Find the value of tan x.

(b) Calculate the length, in cm, of QRT.

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5. Diagram below shows two right angled triangles, ABC and ACD.
A 8 cm B
x

y
D

4 2
It is given that cos x
= and tan y
= .
5 3

(a) Find the value of sin x.

(b) Calculate the length, in cm, of AD.

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6. Diagram below shows two right angled triangles, PQR and RST.
PRS and QRT are straight lines.
T

y
13 cm

P R
S

10 cm
x

4 12
It is given that sin x
=and cos y
= .
5 13
(a) Find the value of tan x.
(b) Calculate the length, in cm, of QRT.

7. Diagram below show two right angled triangles, ABD and BCD.

D 15 cm
C
x

13 cm

y B

A
12
Given that tan y
= , find the value of cos x.
5

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8. In diagram below, JKL and KMN are straight line.

M is the midpoint of the line KN.

x y
J 5 cm K 8 cm L

4
Given that cos y
= , find the value of sin x.
5

9. The diagram shows two right-angled triangles PQR and RSQ.

S R

x
13 cm
y
P
Q 16 cm

5
Given that sin x = ,
13
a). find the value of tan y,
b). calculate the length of PR, in cm.

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12
10. In the diagram, tan x = .
5

Q R
S

12 cm
15 cm

Find the length of RS, in cm

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PMR past year questions

2004

1). In Diagram 1, C is the midpoint of the straight line BD.

x
13 cm
5 cm

B C D

o
Find the value of tan x

2005

2). Diagram 1 shows a right angled triangle EFG and DEF is a straight line.

4 cm

x°

D E 2 cm F

Find the value of cos x°

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2006

3). Diagram 3 shows two right angled triangles, DAB and CDB.

5 cm

5 1 C
It is given that tan y
= and sin x
= .
12 2
o
(a) Find the value of cos y

(b) Calculate the length, in cm, of BC.

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2007

4). Diagram 10 shows twi right angled triangles, PQT and SQR.
PQR and TQS are straight lines.
T

15 cm

y Q
P R
x
5 cm

S
5 3
It is given that sin x
= and cos y
= .
13 5
(a) Find the value of tan x°

(b) Calculate the length, in cm, of PQR.

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2008

5). Diagram 20 shows a right angled triangle PQR.

y
39 cm

Q R

5
It is given that cos y
= , calculate the length, in cm, of PQ.
13

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CHAPTER 11 : TRIGONOMETRY
ANSWERS

SIN θ

4 12 8 7
1). sin θ = 2). sin θ = 3). sin θ = 4). sin θ =
5 13 17 25

COS θ

15 12 15 3
1). cos θ = 2). cos θ = 3). cos θ = 4). cos θ =
17 13 17 5

TAN θ

7 12 4 5
1). tan θ = 2). tan θ = 3). tan θ = 4). tan θ =
24 5 3 12

VALUE OF x

1). x = 4 cm 2). x = 3 cm 3). x = 14 cm 4). x = 4.083 cm

5). x = 4 cm 6). x = 8 cm 7). x = 9 cm 8). x = 12 cm

9). x = 10 cm 10). x = 10 cm 11). x = 10 cm 12). x = 20 cm

EXTRA EXERCISE

1). (a) QTS = 8 cm 2). (a) TQ = 20 cm

15 3
(b) Cos y
= (b) Sin x
=
17 5

3). DC = 6 cm 8
4). (a) Sin x
=
17
(b) QRT = 14 cm

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3 4
5). (a) sin x
= 6). (a) Tan x
=
5 3
(b) AD = 15 cm (b) QRT = 18 cm

3 12
7). Cos x
= 8). Sin x
=
5 13

3 10). RS = 4 cm
9). (a) tan y =
4

(b) PR = 20 cm

PMR past year questions

2004 2005

6 1
1). Tan x
= 2). Cos x
= −
5 2

2006 2007

12 5
3). a). Cos y
= 4). a). tan x o =
13 12
b). BC = 26 cm b). PQR = 21 cm

2008

5). PQ = 15 cm

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