Chemical waste is any type of waste that is composed of noxious, potentially hazardous chemicals.

It may fall
under the classification of hazardous waste depending on the nature of the chemicals. Examples are
lead, copper, various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), various pesticides, various polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), various semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and various
volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Oil sludge contains of crude oil, water and petroleum solid particle. . These oily sludges are emulsions of either oil-
in-water or water-in-oil type, with relative stability determined by the presence of mineral particles along with the oil
and reservoir water.