- The earth is a planet that is almost spherical in shape and is made up of land, water, air.

- The large masses of land is called continent, comprises about one-fourth of its surface.
- The remaining one-fourths is covered by water.
- The blanket of sir surroundings Earth is called atmosphere. It contains several gases such as
nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases in smaller amounts.

LAYERS OF THE EARTH

Crust – the outermost layer of the earth. It is made up of loose solid rocks where continents and oceans
are located. The thickness of the continents and oceans varies from 10 – 65 kilometers. In the ocean
floor, the crust is only about one-fourth thick compared to the continents.

Mantle- it is composed of solid rocks in its upper portion. Its lower portion is believed to be composed of
very hot, molten rocks.

Core- it is made up of molten iron and nickel in its outer portion and solid materials in
its inner portion.

SEVEN CRUSTAL PLATES OF THE EARTH

- The seven crustal plates of the Earth are the Eurasian, Africa, Pacific, Indian,
Australian, Antarctic, and American (North and South) plates.
- The movements of the crustal plates change the landscape and seascape.
ROTATION OF THE EARTH

- It makes a complete turn every 24 hours or one complete day

- The earth rotates in a counter clockwise direction or from a west to east
direction.

NIGHT AND DAY

- As the earth rotates, one side is facing the sun. it is daytime on that side of the
earth. The other side away from the sun is dark. It is night time on that side of
the earth. That is the reason why when it is daytime in the Philippines, it is
nighttime in other countries of the world. The rotation of the earth makes day
and night.

REVOLUTION

- It is the movement of the earth around the sun.

- The earth takes 12 months or 365 ¼ days to be exact for the earth to complete
its travel around the sun. We can tell that the earth has completed its
revolution at the end of a year and starts again a new travel after midnight of
December 31.
- Every fourth year the earth completes its revolution in 366 days on which we
called it as “leap year”.
- The earth travels half of the way around the sun from December to June or
about six months. It travels the other half from June to December.