Bai giang sé 12 PHEP TINH TICH PHAN VA UNG DUNG Cfc bai toan vé tich phan 14 mét trong nhing bai todn lic nao cing cé mat trong céc dé thi mén Toan vao cdc tru’mg Dai hoc va Cao ding trong nhiing nam gan day (2002 — 2009). Bai giang nay gidi thigu c4c phuong phap chinh dé tinh tich phan va img dung ctia tich phan dé tim dién tich hinh phang va thé tich cia khdi tron xoay. g1. CAC PHUONG PHAP TINH TiICH PHAN A. PHUONG PHAP SU DUNG BANG NGUYEN HAM Dé sir dung duge Phuong phap nay ngoai viée sit dung thanh thao bang nguyén ham, con phai nm ving cdc phép tinh vi phn va bién déi thanh thao cac dang thie vé phép tinh vi phan. Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D - 2009) fe -2=In(e? +e41)-2. e-l Thi dy 2: (Dé thi tayén sinh Dai hoc khoi B - 2008) | sin x2) sin 2x + 2(1+sinx +cosx) " Tinh tich phan: 1 = a 7 z Tor ee mene ae =! asin) 2 g1+sin2x+2(sinx +cosx) +1 V2 9 (1+sinx +cosx) -}) 8 1+V2 2 a 217Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khoi A — 2006) x Tinh tich phan: Giai Nhan thay aleos" «+ 4sin2x) = (-2cosxsinx + Ssinxcosx)dx = 3sin2xdx. a ! Vay I= < [(cos?x + 4sin® x) ? d(cos?x + 4sin? x) 0 I +4sin? x)? |Z - a =7{ 5-1) 1(0-2). os 0 Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D — 2005) : 1 5 P Tinh tich phan: 1= [(e%"™ +c0sx)cosdx . é Gi x © " ry 2 rs Tacé: je eosdx ++ [ax ++ feos2xdx asad 0 x 3 (of = fe ™a(sinx) +2 + —sin 2x 2 = i/o 4B ee-14% 3 eh G4 4 Thi du 5: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khoi B— 2003) x 41 —2sin? x 1 Tinh tich phan: 1= |-—-——— g l+sin2x x z 4 4 . 1—2sin? x4 cos2xdx_ Tacé l= I x= f Tesindx © gi tsin2x x 1 4d(1+sin 2x) “2! 1 ae =Lin(4 sin2 x em pltn2- Int)=5in2, Nhdn xét chung: Phuong phap ding bang nguyén ham thuc chat la m6t phép ddi bién va 1a mot _phép di bien don gidin, Tuy nhién, ding phuong phap nay c6 hai thudn Igi: 218- Khéng can thyc hién cée phép doi cn khéng can thiét. - Cach trinh bay don gian. Xét thém cac thi du sau: Thi du 6: x 2(sinx + cosx)dx Tinh tich phan: I= (Sa : J Ysinx —cosx - Taco: = 2|% 2, I fs aie I= I{sinx ~cosx)3 a( sins —cosx) = 2M 2089)8 2 1-4 2(i-t) | ® a | 2 3 : 3 3 Thi du 7: Tinh tich phan: Taco: x x =f sin xdx_ =f tan xdx 7 2 Fcos?xcosx,/l+—5— £08 xv2 + tan® x . cos*x 4 x iF 3! = f(2+tan? x)? d(2+ tan? x) 2 z 4 Nhéin xét: Thi dy trén cho ta thy r6‘tinh higu qua khi sir dung phuong phap bang nguyén ham. Thi du 8: Cho b>a>0, tinh tich phan: I= fin[tx+ay™ : Taco: xta)+(x+ b)In(x +b) 4 (x +a)(x +b) 219dx 0 1 fin(x- Tax? = fin(x+ 1? fix lex? 4 4 o b = fa[in(x+a)in(x+b)] a (Theo cng thire d(uv) = udv + vdu) = In(x +a)In(x +b) P< in? in(a +b). ea Nhdn xét: Day la thi du dep ching t6 tinh higu qua cao ciia vige sir dung phuong phap bang nguyén ham. B. PHUONG PHAP DOI BIEN SO Déi bién sé la mét trong nhing phuong phap quan trong nhat dé tinh nguyén ham va tich phan. Trong myc nay ching t6i trinh bay cde phutong phap ddi bién s6 thong dung nhat: Logi 1: Sir dyng cong thite: Flo ) Ju'(x)dx = i (t)dt. Gia str ta can tinh tich phan |= elses . Néu biing cach nao dé ta viét duge bidgu thire duéi dau tich phan g(x)dx dudi dang. . f[u( ye (x)dx = f[ u(x) Jd(u(x)) Khi dé ta c6: fet joe u)du , voi a = ula); B = u(b). Vay bai toan a vév c tinh tich phan méi nay don gian hon nhiéu so voi tich phan ban dau. Phép déi bién 6 day la t = u(x), va nh6 khi ddi bién thi phai d6i cfin lay tich phan. Thi du 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi A — 2008) Tinh tich phan: x iL ‘pon xdx = fs. 0 cos2x Giai Ta cd: x x x =f xdx pens tan* xdx = pean xa(tan) qd) J costs" Y(t xjeos’s g) I tan?x 220sin? x _ cos2x cos’x cos*x (do 1-tan?x =1— Dt t= tan x (khi x = 0, thi t = 0, con khi x = 7 thit= Vay tir (1) ta 6: i v3 = HOE Lin (ya) =O Lin(ae 5). 27 NhGn xét: Di nhién trong thi dy nay ta ding phuong phap déi bién sé trong a : i doan dau. Sau dé viée tinh tich phan: 1 -is duge thye hign nha phép tinh “thém bot” va sit dung bing nguyén ham. Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2004) ie +3lnx Inxdx Sa Tinh tich phan: 1= Giai Tac oe PASSIAINSGS Six xan) Dat t= ete Teo khix =e, thit=1, Tit (1) ta cd: I= [ie tt (2) Ta co tr (2) : 1S NFER dt tH on at )ed (-29-$ feagta('a9 =] (i433 (3 (2 p81) U8, 3] 3 3 O55 3 4). igs 3Thi du 3: (Bé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khoi B - 2005) Tinh tich phan: ‘sin 2x cos xdx__ T+ 008x eis Tacé x 1 2xcosxdx _ -potaloes xd(cos x) (1+cosx) a) (1+ cosx) Dat t = cosx (khi x = 0, thit = 1; khix = £ thit= 0). Khi dé ta co: ‘| 2t(1+t t)+2 a r (+t)-20 +24 fou afar ft ple tg (1+t) =e [aif -2m(1 0p = 2h Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B- 2006) Ins Tinh tich phan: I= dx ed" a(e*) ) 3 3 ype —3e8 42 ge Dat t= e* (khi x = In3, thi t= 3; khi x = In5, thi t = 5). Taco: ins dt -fe (t=2) 4) eee @-20-) “ Thi dy 5: x 3 Tinh tich phan: [= fsin? x tan xdx . é x x a Tad I= fsin? xtanxdx = 0 222Trong nhigu trudng hop (chit khéng phai tat ca cac trudng hgp) ta cd thé phép ddi bién sau day: f(x). Day 1a mot trong nhiing phép bién déi thong dung hay gap. Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khéi A — 2004) Tinh tich phan: [= i Datt= Vx—I (khix =I, thit=0; khix =2, thit= 1), Taco —1 => 2tdt = dx. Vay ite aaa Pe l+t () 4 1? -2t+4—-— , nén tir (1) tacd ts “ MW 1=2[tdt—2 fide +4 fae - apes. Gap aln2. j j j 7 Thi du 2: (Bé thi tuyén i Dai ee Andi B- 000 € . = Tian ch chan | (ee ; x G Datt= V1+3inx (khix=1 > t= I: khix=3 > t=2) Taco: t? = 1+3inx > rat = 34 = axa x x 3 24(t2 Vay I= r ' at 3|jta—joa]-US. i i Chit: Cac ban hay so sanh véi cach giai ciing cia thi dy nay trinh bay trong thi dy 2, Jogi 1 phan B (phurong phap déi bién sé). Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi A ~ 2005) i sin 2x + sinx Tinh tich phan: 1 = oe =? dx Vi+3cosx 223Gidi Datt= V1+3cosx (khix=0 > t=2; Ta c6 t? = 14+3cosx => 2tdt =—3sinxdx khix= = => t=1) 2 ® sin x(2cosx +1) 34 Tacé: |= dx = — Thi du 4: é Tinh tich phan: 1= f Thi du 5: Tinh tich phan: 1= f a 0 Taco [= - @ (Vs (dat t= vx? +1) Datu = vt (khit=1 => u=1:t=4 > u=2), Taco w=t => dt = 2udu. Vay tir (1) ta cé: 17 2udu hs 27(I+u) 7 inte) Nhdin x61: : ; Trong thi dy trén ta sir dung nhiéu phuong phap dé tinh tich phan I (bang nguyén ham, déi bién sé loai 1, loai 2). Loai 3: Déi bién khi ham dudi dau tich phan c6 dang Va2—x? hoac (a+ x2) hofe yx? -a? . 224= Khi u thite dudi dau tich phan c6 chia biéu thite dudi dang ho&c Vx? —a? néi chung ta sé = kho khan néu str dung phuong phap déi bién noi trong loai 2 (dat t= Vx? —a? hoac t= Va? -x? ). Voi tich phan nay ngudi ta 46i bién nhu sau: + Néu biéu thie duéi dau tich phan cé dang Va? -x? ta liay dat x = asint hodic x = acost. + Néu biéu thire dudi dau tich phan c6 chita biéu thire dudi dang a hay ditx = —*— hoie x= sint cost i - Khi biéu thite dui dau tich phan c6 chita biéu thie duéi dang (a+x?)* ta hay dat: x = tant hode x = cott. Thi du 1: (Trich trong dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2002) 8 Tinh tich phan: 1= [ V16-x7dx. 0 Gidi Dat x = 4sint (khi x = 0 thit = 0, khix = V8 thit= 7 ) => dx = 4costdt. x x Ta co: = [Vie=iésin®t t4costdt = Fiscose cost é x 4 nt =8 f2cos” dt(vikhi00) d 4 x po 4 4 4 \7 =8 |(1+cos2t)dt =8 [dt +8 [2cosdt =2n+4sin21}4 =2n+4, 0 0 0 0 Nhdn xét: . 4 1/ Trong qué trinh gidi dé thi bit bude phai tinh tich phan I= [ Vl6~x?dx. i) 2/ Mac dau ham du6i dau tich phan c6 chita can thirc, nén néu ta bién ddi gidng trong loai 2: t= va? — x? thi chic chan sé gap rac rdi (cdc ban thir Lim xem va giai thich vi sao lai nhu vay). Day chinh la thi du chitng t6 ring khéng phai ctr thay f(x) 1a thye hién phép déi bién sé t= /f(x). 225226 Thi du 2: fe 2 Tinh tich phan: [= f 33 Dit x= 3sint, voit ¢ {7:2 ]. L 2 2) Khix= 383 thit=—2, khix= 3 > thit= 2 4 2 ala Ta cé: dx = 3costdt, va vi thé Thi du 3: Dit x= ~~ voite (04) cost ae (khi x = 3V2 = cost = at= Econ khin=6.=> cost = Saot=2), ls 2 sin tdt —— tirdd I= cost Thi du 4: Tinh tich phan: =f __4x oa (t+x? i x Dat x = tant voit € {-2® x : dt a 3, Tae6: dx =“ nen 1= [SL = feostar= sint Bat cost 2 x . 2 cost 6 6 Loai 4: Déi bién khi biéu thire dudi dau tich phan c6 chita ham sé lugng gidc. Cac phép bién déi thudng ding véi tich phan nay 14 dat t = sinx, hoae t= cos x; t= tan x, hode t = cot x. Thi du 1 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khdi A- 2009) Tinh tich phan: 1= {(cos?x ~1)cos*xds . 4 : Tacd t= j(cos's ~I)oos*xdx = 4 a 2, cos*xdx — Joos?xdx a) é ous : x _. E rs Fad b . iz 7 Dé thiy: feos?xdx = fA 282% 4x bfx +4 feostxdx==. 2) : 2 te 20 . () 0 0 0 7 : Mat khae: Jos’ xdx = foo xcosxdx G) Do do dat t = sin x, ta c6 dt = cos xdx va tir (3) ta co: ounin i 1 a 1 1 1 8 cos*xdx = fa-e) dt= far-2 fears feta =—, (4) 0 0 0 0 15 Thay (2) (4) vao (1) ta c6: _ Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B- 2005) x ae ae “ pane A 2sin x cos xdx. Tinh tich phan: |= [7°58 § l+eosx BALL = c0sx (Khi d6 néux=0 =3 t= I:x= F => t=0) : rig) O52 : ee 2si d. 2 Ta c6: dt = -sinxdx. Khi do T= [>SP SES SCE inxcos? xdx [207 12? jd Trcosx flat fist = 2In2 -- 1. (tinh nhu trong thi dy 3, loai 1, myc B). 227Loai 5: Mét sé phuong phap déi bién dac biét dé tinh tich phan: Trong muc nay chiing tdi gidi thigu vai phép ddi bién dic biét (khéng thong dung) dé tinh tich phan véi muc dich dé céc ban tham khao thém. Dang 1: Déi bién x = +t Phép déi bién nay ding khi: : : 1/ Tinh phan can tinh 6 dang: ff(xjax, trong dé f(x) 14 ham s6 chin hoae “a Ié trén [-a ; a] a “rf (x)dx : oe . 2/ Tich phan o6 dang: f aya one a6 f(x) la ham sé chin trén [-a:a] va aa k>0. Khi 46 ta téch tich phan thanh 2 phan: tir —a dén 0 va tir 0 dén a. Voi tich phan thudc phan thi nhat dat x = —t. Thi du 1: 7 Bees Jin(x+ 4x? Jax, me Tinh tich phan: Ta co: 1 0 1 decease i. Jin(x+ Viv? Jas = fin(xs Vivo? Jac fin(x + vie? Jax.) ae -1 0 Dat x =-t, khi dd Tos ie) =f Ear Jn ms 1 fnfeedee 0. Chi: Him dudi déu tich phan fx) =In(x + V+ x? ) la ham le trén [131]. Thay (2) vao (1) ta 6: Thi du 2 ee Tinh tich phan: 1 = f- . alee Giai 0 6, ae ’ d Tacé: 1= [2% fF - a) Eyl ee. (le. 0. x® 0 16, en tdt Dit x=-t, vice [> fe (See ay +e* - glte l+et lee*) Thay (2) vao (1), va c6: 1 = (ale x8dx =. ; Fare = erg 228Dang 2: Phép thay bién x =a~t Phép déi bién nay thudng ding 8 tinh cdc tinh phan cé cn trén 1a a, ham dudi dau tich phan chita cdc biéu thie lugng gide va cdc biéu thire nay lién quan dén cn trén a (theo nghia ching cé mdi lién hé cla cac ham lugng gidc cla cdc géc lién quan dac biét). Vi thé céc tich phan nay thudng c6 cn trén La 7 ne V6i cdc tich phan nay, sau khi bién déi x = a-t s8 dan dén vige giai phuong trinh don gian ma an sé 6 day la tich phan I cdn tinh. Thi dy 1: (Bé thi tuyén sink Cao ding Sw pham Ha Noi - 2004) bal 2 12004 sin Tinh tich phan: 1} = |————_— Ie cos 0%, dx. Giai Dat x = got => dx =-dt ta cd: 0 cost (eel a cost + sin? t x x ee 2004 2 Tird6 suy ra: 21= [oA XT OS Max = fax = sin’ x +.cos'x é 2 nt Vay1= ©, ayI= 7 Thi dy 2: 2n Tinh tich phan: fx cos® xdx.. 0 Dat x = 2n-t => cosx =—cost va dx = wt Ta cé: =~ Jen-1)(cos t)dt= Jorafeoe ja t 2 =2n Hoos? tdt Ilan foo tdt. (1) = Bai toan quyveé tinh x fa Dé thay x Fos tt =0 quy’ ly 0 (giai nhu thi dy 1, loai 4, mye B). Tir (1) suy ra I=0. Nhgn xér: Ta c6 thé giai lai bai toan trén bing cach sir dung tich phan tig phan bang cach dat u = x; du = cos?xdx. 229C. PHUONG PHAP TiCH PHAN TUNG PHAN Phuong phap tich phan ting phan ciing li mét trong cdc phutong phap co ban nhat dé tinh tich phan. Can nhan manh rang cac bai toan str dung tich phan timg phan dé tinh tich phan nhiéu ln xuat hién trong cac dé thi tuyén sinh vao Dai hoc va Cao ding trong nhimng nam gan day. Loai 1: Cac dang todn co ban ciia phép lay tich phan timg phan.” Can nhan manh ring cdc dang toan nay chiém trén 90% cdc bai toan str dung phuong phap tich phan tig phan dé tinh tich phan trong céc dé thi tir 2002 dén 2009 (va 100% trong cae dé thi tuyén sinh mén Toan vao céc trudng Dai hoe khéi A, B, D trong nhitng nm dé), Cé 4 dang toan chinh: 1. Véi tich phan dang: Irs Jedx hoe i x)sin kxdx; JPtajco 6 day p(x) la da thire thi dat u = “P(X) dv =edx (note dv= sinkxdx,., ) 2/ Vi tich phan dang ‘P(s) )in* xdx (c6 thé &p dung voi mét s6 trudng hop a ee c6 tich phan dang: flax), 6 day P(x) la da thite thi dat w= Inkx, dv = P(x)dx pl & IG) 2P( (hoic dv= P(x)” b. 3/ Voi tich phan dang: fe sinaxdx hoae fe'cosBxdx , thi dat u =e , dv=sin adx (hod dv = cosBdx) hodc u = sin ax (hoiic u = cos Bx), dv = dx. Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B- 2009) 3 Tinh tich phan: |= i +1) 3 dx Ky Taco: |1=3 |——— + : ony fee) a 2 péindy, FO, = A i(x+ly op (xtiy xi Dat u=Inx > du= aS x (ty) (2) dx. = (x+1) xt dv= 230Theo céng thre tich phan timg phan, ta c6: -Inx [34 =In3 (x 4+1)- . 3 vinx +f dx _=In3 oo Maing x x#tfl jx(x+l) 4 x(x+l) 4 x+ijl 4in3 —In3 wn - =—2__ - 16 , 3 4 4 GB) 3+in2? Thay (2) va (3) vao (1) ta e6: 1= = Thi dy 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hge khéi D— 2008) Tinh tich phan: 1 = fPkax. ieee Giai Taditu=Inx => du= Bz y= fX-—. x x 2x is -In2 1 2. 3-2In2 Va ak 43)-(-—x? +4 -3) |e =o te iy +f +3)-(x x-3) jax 8 4x? 1 16 Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D - 2007) Tinh tich phan: 1 = fx* In? xdx . 1 Dit u=in'x => du=2/xde x Tree teextin? xl? h3 Teles Tacé: F=—x" tn’ x -> fx Inxdx =—e -s fx Inxdx . (1) 4 1 4, 2) a ie Lai dit u=Inx > *4+2 <1. Do de: 16 4 € e 4 JaSinxdx = Lx" inx? 4 f'dx=tet-L tf 3241. @ ; 4 _ 4 16 fl 16 16 4 Thay (2) vio (1) va c6: I= 5 t Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D — 2006) I Tinh tich phan: I= f(x -2)e"dx.. 0 231232 Dat u=x-2 => du=dx; v= Je%ax=1e : al ele 1 ye|l 5234 Tacé: I= 3x 2)e 46 dx x( € ? +2) re er Thi du 5: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D — 2004) s Tinh tich phan: I= fin(x? -x)dx.. 4 Giai 2x-1 Dat u=In(x?— x) => du= —dx;v= fdx =x. 8 4x(2x-1 Tird6: 1=xin(x? x) — POD ay =3in6-2In2- pote 2 5 x(x-l) a | d(x =I 3 ninst—2 f= PRS du =2e™dx; v = osdxdx= 3 sin3x. il = 1 IE 1% iso Ta 6: |=—e?* sin 3x]2 -— fe? sin3xdx = -—e* ~ = fe?® sin3xdx - (1) 3 3 3 38 Lai dat u 2 <> du 2e*dx;v= foin3adx=Teos3s.x x 2, ee : 1 = 2 12 Vithé: fe? sin3xdx =-—e?*cos3x|2 += fe*cos3xdx =— +1. (2 ithé: fe in 3xdx e x}2 5 Jere jaa (2) 0 0 1 2047 is 2 je" -2 Thay (2) vao (1) ta cé: I=-=e*-=-=1 > -< ay (2) vio (1) ta cd: a 5 og) 5 a Chi J: Néu sau khi cé (1) ta ding phép tich phan tig phan Lin thir hai nhu sau: Dat u= sin3x => du=3cos3xdx; v= fe”dx = se : 2 x 1 i] Are i 3 Khi do [2?* sin3xdx =—e?* sin3x|? -= fe”*cos3xdx =~ ee x+ ae x+2° Theo céng thire tinh tich phan ae a tacd: 25h «fe dx =0% + free. () (x+2)/0 233a Dé thay (xem loai 1, tich phan tig phan), tacd [xe*dx =e?+ 1. (2) 0 Thay (2) vo (1), vac6 1= 1. Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sink Cao ding Sw pham khébi A - 2004) x 4 Tinh tich phan: 1= [x tan? xdx . 0 Dit u=x => du=dx; v= flan? xa = fI=2°5"% dy = tan x- Fe cos”x Theo céng thie tich phan timg phan, ta cé: 5 4 4 I=x(t dx + fxdx =2/1-2)- x(tanx —x)/4- frans p+ fats z(1 a (an - Fl 4d = =2-E sf (cose) 4 oe 4 32 cosx 4 32 0 A322 Thi du 3: I ie Tinh tich phan: I= jo. o(1+x*) Datu=x? => du=4x'dx; 234§2. MOT SO UNG DUNG CUA TICH PHAN A. TINH DIEN TCH HINH PHANG - Dign tich hinh phng xac dinh bai duéng cong y = f(x). - Cho hinh pang gidi han béi cde dudng y= F(x),.y=0 x=ajx=b (a 0 véi b v x € [arb]. thi S= fF (x)ax a - Dign tich hinh phang gidi han bai hai dung cong: y=f(x)sy =g(x) x=a;x=b (a0)e2 x= O hole x = 5. Cho hinh phang gidi han béi: | 235Taco: | x +3)—-(x? -4x +3) |dx =f 3)-(x?-4x+3) Ja + f[6<+3)-(-¥? + 4x3) ou foal = 4x-+3) Jax yx43 = Le +5x)dx + Ie ~3x+6)dx 0 i. fe +5x}dx =" (ava 3 Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2002) Tim dién tich hinh phang gidi han béi cdc dudng: y = va y= R al* Giai rd ea Vay dé thj ciia né [a nia trén ctia elip i pel 2 Dé thdy y=—*— 1a parabol, nén ta c6 hinh vé sau: yy 42 Pi : Hoanh dé ctia giao diém A, B 1a nghiém cua phuong trinh: Theo thi du 1, loai 3, myc B, ta c6: 22 4 f VI6—x7dx =2n+4. Tirdd tir(1) suy ra S= n+ (Avdt) é 236°Thi du 3: ; Tim dign tich hinh phang gidi han béi 2 cdc dudng: y = x73 y= a Vé phac hinh trén c6 dang sau: Bing cdc xét cc phwong trinh: verex=¥2; wb oo x=2; x x 2 © 2 x -Viva 8 ox co as Ta suy ra cé 3 giao diem A, B,C voi hoanh d6 giao diém lan juot la: ¥72;2;3/32 . Dé thay: 2 ¥2 2 S= {(s*-2} oe i(2-¥) % x d\x 4 Céc tich phan trén déu tinh duge mét cach dé dang va ta sé cd: $= bin +24 =P inacave. Logi 2: Cac bai toan tinh dign tich hinh phang ma viée vé hinh khé thye hign. V6i cdc bai todn loai nay chua the nhan ra ngay khi nao f(x) > g(x) (hoae f(x) < g(x). Vi the cach tt nhat khi tinh dién tich S 1a str dung céng thie: s= fit(x)i¢s, S va xir i theo céch tinh tich phan trong trudng hep him dui dau tich phan c6 chira déu gid tri tuyét ddi. b Dang 1: B6 sung v8tinh tich phan dang: {jf(x)| dx . a Khi gidi cdc loai bai tap nay true hét phai tién hanh xét, dau dé pha di cdc dau gid tri tuyét d6i (kign thie hay ding nbat Ia sir dung din li ve dau eta tam thie bic hai, nhi thire bat nhat va sir dung duréng tron don vi dé xét dau céc ham long gidc). Thi du 1: (Dé thi tayén sink Dai hoc, Cao ding khdi D - 2003) a Tinh tich phan: I= fl x? xx 0 Ta cé bang xét dau sau: x 0 1 2 Xx = + | hex X-Xx x-x Yj 237i Tir bang xét dau trén, ta cd: I= I(x = 0 Thi du 2: . aie Tinh tich phan: I= [Y1=sin2xdx . : 0 Taco: i=] 1cos{ nis 2x ix = Iew(- x os = SF fin( xB =v2 Jisinia “4 Dya vao duéng tron don vj ta cé ngay: sint <0 khi “Fst 0 khi oct, 3n aa 0 4 Tir do: 1=2| - fsimtdt + [sin tdt 0 ® v2. 4 Dang 2: Tim dign tich hinh phang. Thi du: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi A — 2007) Tim dién tich hinh phang gidi han bai hai dudng cong y = (e + 1)x va y=(1+e')x Gi Hoanh dé giao diém cia hai dudng 14 nghiém cia phurong trinh: (e+ Dx=(1 + ex < xe") = 069 x=O0vax= 1. Tir dé dién tich S can tim duge tinh theo cng thie: S= [rept +e)x{dx = fx(e* e)fax cy Khi 0 0; cn e*—e <0, nén tir (1) taco: 1 1 1 S= fx(e-e*)dx =e [xdx — fede. 0 0 0 i: 1 E l e = 5 Theo cing thie tinh tieh phan timg phan thi fae%dx = 1. 0 Dé tha Vay S= 2-1 (dvtt). Nhdn xét: Ae thi du nay, viée vé hinh khéng don gian chut nao! 238B. TINH THE TICH VAT THE - Gia sir vat thé sinh béi hinh phang. gidi han bdi cdc dudng me x=a;x=b (a x = 1 (do x>0) € Vay V = x |x? In? xdx . (1) i © Tich phan x fx? In? xdx durge tinh theo céng thite tich phan tig phan loai 1 i Bang phép tinh tuong ty nhw trong thi dy 3, loai 1, phan C, Pg Se cs Se? -2 tacé: fx? In? xdx = - Vay tir (1) suy ra V = == (att. Thi du 2: Cho hinh phing S giéi han bdi cac eg 27 duong: y = x; y="va y=57. Tim thé tich V khi dem hinh S quay quanh truc Ox. Dé thay cdc giao diem A, B tuong ting cé hoanh dé la x =3 va x =9. Goi V;, V2, V3 tuong tng la thé tich cla céc vat thé sinh béi khi dem cungOA, AB va OB quay quanh Ox. Khi dé ta cé: 239ay 27h, x2) 972" V=Vit Vi~V3 =a) f(x?) avs (2) dx- f/ —} dx | ==" (aviry 3 x 27 5 BAI TAP TU GIAI : Sit dung phuong phap bang nguyén ham, tinh cdc tich phan sau: Bai 1 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding swe pham Quang Ngai ~ 2006) x 2 ae Tinh tich phan: 1 = i Dap sé: 2. 3 1+cosx Bai 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao déng Kinh té Tai chinh — 2005) I Tinh tich phan: I f st 33 Dap sé: 4. (x+#l) 8 Bai 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding Nong lim) 1 — Tinh tich phan: 1= fxVx? + Idx. Dap sé: = 0 Bai 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding ¥ té - 2006) x Tinh tich phan: {= jsinx ae Dap sé: 11n2 rca oa 4 Bai 5: In3 e*dx : Tinh tich phan: 1= f=. Dép sb: J2=1. 0 (e* + 1) Bai 6: x ae Tinh tich phan: 1 = fone . og! +3cosx Bai 7: 1 Tinh tich phan: 1= f— Dap sé: in22_. glte l+e Sir dung phép di bién, tich céc tich phan sau: Bai 8: ‘ 4, -9 Tinh tich phan: 1= [x¥/x-+ldx. Dap sé: a 240Bai 9: Tinh tich phan: 1 Bai 10: Tinh tich phan: 1 Bai 1: i im dx Tinh tich phan: 1 = : a. 7 Bai 12: m2 Tinh tich phan: 1= f Ve* ~Idx 0 Bai 13: Tinh tich phat a 1+ cos*x Huong dan: Ditx = 1-1. Bai 14: 1 6 Tinh tich phan: |= fx°(1 -x') dx. 0 Huong dan: Ditt = 1 : 20 Dap so: — ip so: = 2 Dap so: =. = Or 16 -11v2 Dap s6: 2 3 Dap sé: a Dap sé: =, 4 Dap Sir dung phép tich phan tig phan tinh cdc tich phan sau: Bai 17: x 2 Tinh tich phan: I= fe" sin 2xdx. 0 Bai 18: 2 Tinh tich phan: t= fx? Inxdx . 1 Bai 19: x 2 Tinh tich phan: I= {(x-+1)sin 2xdx . 0 Dap sé: 2. ey! Dap so: ~e' +—. eee |, Dap sé: = +1. ip 34:Bai 20: 2 In(ltx Tinh tich phan: I= fills) ae x Sir dung cdc phép thé dic biét tinh cdc tich phan sau: Dap sé: 3In2-SIn3 Bai 21: dx. ie Tinh tich phan: 1 = f Dap 44x Bai 22: 4 Tinh tich phan:I= f i Dap sé: n(2-+ V3)(V2-1)+ Bai 23: Tinh tich phan: i=j xdx : éO xt 4x al Bai 24: 2 es eae Tinh tich phan: t= [—, pép sé: 2-1, o vI-x? 8 4 Bai 25: s Tinh tich phan: I= [()x+2|-|x-2))dx. Dap s6: 8. ae Bai 26: Tim dién tich hinh phang gidi han boi parabol (P): y = x’ + 4x +5 va hai tiép tuyén cia (P) tai diém A (1; 2); B(4:5) nam trén (P) Dap so: ava. Bai 27: Tinh dién tich hinh phang gidi han boi cde dudng y = sin)x} va y = |x|~ = Dap sé: 4+ 1? (dvdt). Bai 28: Cho hinh phing tao béi hai dung y = 2x-x? va y = 0. Tim thé tich vat thé khi dem hinh phing quay quanh truc Ox. Dap so: en (dvtt). 242