Islam and Missions

CLASSIIC
REPRIINT
SIERIIES
ISLAM AND
MIS,SIONS
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Truth may seem, nllt munor h('~ n:l~l:nitjJ h)'ruJ. ivar "tis I~M .~hl~~ Tt-~IIII ((/~rJ 1~(I((lll 0 n r-.f(!(! O(!~
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~-----~--------------------h LATEST IMPORTANT VVORKS

ON rvIOHAMMEDANISM
The Mohammedan vVorldifToday

A Sympasimn edited by JM;;}!S L. BARTON, D.D., 5, M. ZWEIIlER, D.O. aad E. M. WHE:RRY, D.O. Illustra.ted, 8 va, eM", 1~.;~ net
Islam and Christianity

By E. M.
The Irrepressible WHERRY, D.O.
Conflict
Cloth, $r.25 net
Our Moslem Sisters

A Sjmpo~ium edited by ANNIJ!; YAN SOMMll:R. Illustrated. Clot;', $U15 n"t
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By s. M. Z\~lI~!ER. D.D., F. R. G. S. Illout r:atcd, C/dk, $2.00
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and Maps, CMIt, $1.25
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By JOHN KEI.;LY GIFl!"E:N, D.D. Illustrated, Cloth, $x.O() net Bj HENRY O. DWIGHT, L.L.D. IilusfTllted, Clofh, $T,"!j net
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I LAM AN.n ,M,ISSION,S

Being papers read at the Second Missionary Conference on behalf of the Mohammedan World at Lucknow, January 23-28, I911
Edited hy
. M. WHERRY, D.O., S. M. ZWEMER, C. G. MYLREA, M.A.
D.D':,
NEW YORK
CHICAGO
TORONTO
Fleming
LONDON
H. Revell
ANO
Company
EDINBURGH
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CONTENTS
I.
II.
AN
INTRO
UCTORY SURVEY
Rev. Samuel M. Zeoemer, D.D., F. R. G. A abia

SM
s.,
PAN-IsLAM
IN TURKEY.
Rev. W. S. Nelson, D.D., Syria

PAN-IsLA J5M IN AFRICA
f3 53
III.
IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIIL XIV.
Rev. Friedrich Wiirz, Basel

THE DER ISH ORDERS
Rev. Canon E.
THE
sett,
IN AFRICA
D.D.,
Madras
63
76 87
100
Mos EM ADVANCE IN AFRICA L Prof. Carl J.1JeitJhojf, L. D., Hamburg

SM IN MALAYSIA
PAN-IsLA
Rev. G. Simon, Sumatra

POLITICAL CHANGES
Prof.
POLITICAL
J.
IN TURKEY
Stewart Crawford, Beirut

IN ARABIA
CHANGES
Rev.
POLITICAL
J.
C. rowlg, M.
IN PERSIA
· D., Aden,
116
Arabia
128
CHANGES
RCfJ. L. F. Esse/styn, Persia

THE SITU
THE
Rev. W. A. Wilson, M . s., D.D., Indore OLO ND THE N EW R~GIME IN TURKEY Rev. S. 1/. R. Trowbridge, .Aintab, Turkey
IN CENTRAL ASIA
TION IN INDIA
If!
159
172
CONDITION
Co101 tl C. Wingate, C. 1. E., London

ISLAM
Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D., Philadelphia

ISLAM
UN
Bit PAeAN
RULE
183 195
Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, B .
UN
ER CHRISTIAN
RULE
.a.,
Cairo
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6
MOSLEM ADVANCE
Contents
IN INDIA
206
Rev. John T'akl«, Bmgol

MOSLEM
ADVANCE
IN MALAYSIA
220
Rcv. N. Adriani, CtlebeJ

ISLAM IN CHINA
•
Mr. F. H. Rhoda, China

ISLAM IN RUSSIA
233
MiJJ yet/nit Von Meyer, TijiiJ

MOVEMENTS IN INDIA •
REFORM
Res». Canon H. D.D., Simla

REFORM MOVEMENTS
U. Wei/brecht,
EAST
ri.
273
D.,
IN THE NEAR
Rev. John Giffen, D.D., Cairo
288
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ILLUSTRA
Mohammedan Religious Service at elhi, India,
Frontispiece
Fadng- j{ICe
Islam and Modernism.
Opening of Parliament by the Sultan at Constantinople. T e Sultan-Caliph Stands Alone in the Central B x British East frica .
Mosque at Mombasa, The Mohammedan
College at Alig rh, India Central Asi
Mosque at Samarkand, Street in Askabad .
Where Islam Meets Paganism in frica . Street Singer, Assuan, Egypt, a Moslem From the Nyam-n yam Tri be Warriors of the Bisharin Tri e, Pagans, in the Eastern Sudan Chinese Mohammedans: A Mohammedan Teacher Butchers From West China The Late Sir Sayyad Ahmad Kha , Founder of the Mohammedan College at Alig rh
234234 273
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tI And it carne to pass, when Joshua was by jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and joshua went unto him and said unto him" Art thou for us or for our adversaries? And he said Nay, but as prince of the host of Jehovah am I now come."-yoshua o, I,J, I4.
~( When the strong man {uny armed guardeth his own court his goods arc in peace, but when a stronger than he shall come upon him and overcome him he taketh from him his whole armour wherein he trusted and divideth his spoils."-' Luk8 xi. 2I, 22.
tI Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit .. saith Jehovah of hosts."-Zuhariah io, 6, R. Y.
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I AN INTRODUOTORY
REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER,
sn
. G. S., ARABIA
HE Moslem world is not a haphazard expression invented by missionaries to re resent a portion of the great world problem 0 evangelization, but is a literalism which sums up an etual situation. Six years before the Cairo Conference th first number of the Revue du lJfonde lJlwn~bnan was pu lished in Paris, and for ten years this monthly magaziue has, from a purely scientific standpoint, tried to s rvey the extent of Islam, its condition, and develop men s in those lands where it holds sway, and which as awol' d by itself scieutificaUy requires unity of treatment. Nor is the Moslem world merely a geo raphical expression for the vast areas covered by Mo lem conquest or conversion. The term is of much deeper igmflcance, As Dr. C. H. Becker pointed out in his artdel ill the first number of Der Islam; the word Islam itself tauds for a unity of religious conception, a unity of politi al theory and of
ideals of civilization,
D. D., F.
us well as of rel gion, which torefore the essenblem, in lands

been recognized
gether form the problem of Islam. Th tial and philosophical unity of the pr which constitute the Moslem world, has by all those who have made a study of t It is possible, for this reason, to give of the ][osle'11l; 1.JJorldas a unit, and there wby this survey should he given nt til Conference which succeeds that held at ago. The Cairo Conference marked a vance towards the evangelization of th
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e subject, general survey re three reasons opening of the Cairo five years reat step in adMohammedan
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10
Islam and Missions
world b ause it gave the flrst full Iuformation through ed reports of the actual state of l\iohammedan lands ea Iy in the twentieth century; but for one reason
its publi
or anoth r some lands were left out in that survey, and in other ca es the survey was inadequate or inaccurate. The chie value of the Cairo Conference was to inaugurate or timulate more accurate observation and more
careful r port among missionaries in Moslem Iands, The
:first reas n, therefore, for a general survey of the Moslem

world at the opening of this Oonfereuoe is to supplement
the Cair Conference Reports. The second reason is to correct i s returns and statistics by later investtgatdous and dev opments j and the third reason, sufficient in itR self, is t at only by a general survey can the delegates to this Con erenee see the whole problem at the outset and recognize its unity, its opportunity, and the importunity of the sit ation because of both. We wi 1take up the present survey in four divistous . Fir , as regards Statistics; Seeo d, Political conditions and developments; Thir , Social and intellectual movements since he Cairo Conference; and, Fourh, The changed attitude towards tIm Mos.. 1em world and missions to Moslems in the orne Ohurches as a result of the Oairo OonSuch a survey can only be general, and prepa.ratory to
the more careful consideration, of the topics that follow
on our pr gramme: Pan-Islamism, Missions and Govern .. ments, T e Moslem Advance, Reform. Movements, The Training f Missionaries, an&.The Methods to be used.
1.
STATISTICAL
~ e m st still answer the question as to the total pop~ ulation 0 the Moslem world by conjecture instead of Join www.forgottenbooks.org to read this book in HIGH-QUALITY
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11
An Introductory Survey
accurate statdstics, at the begiuniug of the twentieth een tury. The discrepancies in the statistical surveys of th Moslem world given by various authorities are as dis concerting as they are surprising. The total populatio of the Moslem world, for example, has beenvariousl estimated as follows:
Statesman's Year Book, 1890 . Brockhaus, "Con vers- Lexicon, ' 1 Hubert Jansen, "Verbreitung Islams," 1897. .
1894. . . .
203,600,000 175,000,000 259,680,672 196,491,842 175,290,000 240,000,000 193,550,000 232,966,170 223,985,780
S. M. Zwemer (Missiona'ry Review), 1898. . . Allgmneine Missfons Zeit8ch1~ift, 1902 • • . .
des .
H. Wichmann, in Justus Perthes'

H
Encyclopedia of ~1issions, 1904 U The Mohammedan World of To-day" (Cairo Conference, Martin Hartmann
1906)
Atlas,?'
1903
(1910) ..
..
Yet the discrepancy between the highest figures given fol' example, by Hubert Jansen and Dr. Hartmann, an the lowest figures of the .Allgemeine Missions Zeitschrift at partly explained by the varying estimates placed as t the number of Moslems in the Sudan and in China. Fo the rest of the world there seems to be at least partia agreement. The most detailed statistics can be found i Jansen, but they arc not reliable in many respects an not as conservative as the results obtained in the pape prepared for the Cairo Oonferenee, The latest statistic survey of the Moslem world is that given by Dr. Hart
mann in an appendix to his valuable book, "Der Islam.' The chief discrepancies between the statistics he give
and those of the Cairo Conference are the following: Join www.forgottenbooks.org to read this book in HIGH-QUALITY
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12
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Islam and Missions

urope is put down with a Moslem popula-
Turkey in
tion of 3,295,000 instead of the 2,500,000 given at Cairo. The Moslem opulation of the Philippine Islands is given as 725,300 in ead of 300,000; that of Indo-China is only 1,146,000, wh Ie the Cairo survey gives it as 1,430,383.
The Moslem lon, Burma, 800 ; accordi proper. The

at the Oair
opulation of British India, iucludiug Ceyden and Perim, is given as only 59, 7!W,g to the last census it is 62,458,077 for Iudia Moslem population of Abyssinia was given
Conference as 350,000: Dr. Hartmaun
makes it 800, 00.
Morocco was given at Cairo as 5,600,-
000: here it is put down as 7,840,000. The Moslem population of German East Africa as 6,700,000 is evidently a misp into We turn n w to the totals of Dr. Hartmann's survey. That for all urope, 12,991,000, including Russia, does not differ mu h from the total of the Cairo survey. III the case of ia his total is slightly below that of Cairo, which includ d all the Russian Moelems, In Africa his total is nearl 6,000,000 less than that given at Cairo, while his tota for the whole world is 223,985,780; that given at Cair was 232,966,170. If we deduct from Dr.
s atistics the exoessi ve figures for 8 iam, Ohina and t Philippine Islands, together with the printed error n regard to the Kameruns, the total estimated popula ion of the Moslem world according to this latest survey would be a little less than 200,000,000. In regard t two large areas of the Moslcnl world we are able to sp ak with much greater accuracy now than at the Cairo onferenee. l\fiss Jennie Von Meyer and :Madam Sophi Bobrovnikoff have published careful surveys of the ex: ent and character of Islam in the Russian Empire, show ng that the total ]ioslem population of Russia, fnclud ng those of Khiva and Bokhara, is not much less tha 20,000,000. And Mr. Marshall BroomJoin www.forgottenbooks.org to read this book in HIGH-QUALITY
Hartmann's
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An Introductory Survey
hall, in h s recent volume on Islam in China, after most careful i vestigatious, proves beyond a doubt that the Moslem p pulation in the Chinese Empire lies somewhere between t e minimum and maximum figures of 5,000,000
and 10,0 one-third Chinese is too lar 0,000. And although this number is less than of the supposed Moslem population of the mpire given ill the Statesman's Year Book, it e to be ignored. We quote a paragraph from Mr. Broo hall's chapter on the subject:
"In sp te of the somewhat uncertain light which at present e ists we may, however, safely say that the Moslem popu ation of China is certainly equal to the entire populatio of Algeria, or Scotland 01' Ireland; that it is in all PI' bability fully equal to that of Morocco, and possibly at less than the total population of Egypt or Persia. few millions among the hundreds of millions of China may not seem many, but if we think of a community e ual to that of Egypt or Persia, peculiarlyaccessible t the Gospel, and yet practically without any missionar es specially set apart or qualified to deal with them, an , apart from one or two small exceptions, with DO Iiterat re for use among them, we shall have a more adequate onception of the real problem. "Who., should we think of Manchuria or Mongolia without uy missionaries, or of no interest centering around t e closed land of Tibet~ Yet the accessible Moslem opulation of China are certainly too or three times th of Mongolia, are fully equal to that of Tibet, and prob bly not less than that of Manchuria. It may, therefore, be said that within China there is a special people e ual in number to the population of any of China's epeudencies, for whom practically nothing is being do e, and whose presence hitherto has been almost ignored.'
The M slem population of the Russian Empire and the Mohamm dans of China are peculiarly accessible, and it would se that perhaps in both of these empires work
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Introd uctory S
25
ere never l'ttLa Sac ny, in M~le.m. 1 thcr hBUd, this v nae of solidarity 'ling forces of lsl D8 oC Ruasia are u t only ............ __ in the Dnma, at au nud ptO~ an lVorkiug the pl"t$S. On F~ 'tla.l"JI' 16, Petersburg was 0 ued 'Wi 'fie Emir of Bok h ru.. cou tJ.'i of tJ.u~_, ..................
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its way prO¥e the ;strength g of Egypt. US in Tw'k-ey a.nd iD Egypt) _ ..... ~rda. A. Yonug JuvuneI3C ng the edtlGat.ed MnsleDJS ill . 0d0m6, or the Uillveranl I !Ides howe rule, edueetieea l They have tra.usla:tt:d the • The titst co.n~ of tbese ver t'if'O years ago at Djak· DI3BtiQlLS di&cU8l8d ~ the om of the ~ 8Ild 8cll~
hwtoentnry greatly crippled ............ the recent though truttl.eee _.... couBUlatea for the
protoo·
ere, and the publication at a . e in Cblneao entitled

on thnmghont the Chin.a&e E g itb. paper published by twu ............ Tokyo, U'e Indications _. at h need DO oommeuL y French ~ops Qboui .. year et &ign1ftcant political 6veDt 00D.. Y this campaign too chief !!Ja. e &.de azul of MO&lern propa-. tio d &l"OpoBD rulB hWi3 fallen poYer, 'Will be held by them be need.. M ... Bae Q/ oJ_Mn.~ b governments. The i.u~
............... ....-00.
ee hll6 doubtless diU) hdtlhed ahm:n, politicallyt althougb eow.merc:iaJ and coloui.zi..DJ
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in !be educated cl
ut all Asia. and pr v
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0 wn M -
tnst Europe:, aud
erly agrdllst threa
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·OD
which hn..! a.l.ready begl;l ity $.l1d the wDll5ity of this eo CoOetJtllt n was :rendy for were com Iled to preface the '8 accepti u the u,nthonty of t\S final, cInc1il1g the traditl tl 0[1J as as the KOxml. I~ getb8l' the American Consti Dr. Shed ,~813 a ma.ke the 1 t yet to be proved mer in is II Modern
~onErt.1 t:.ionaJ. goven.unen
then arose, How old rel igiou ,
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u
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qnmon
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33
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. Is1ami lr fry i ill Ja. india, try in

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Con
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Morocco, uoUr
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ri~tr.n(lOJllnnd
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44
and Missions et axnong in'Volvcd,

to Christ
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51
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the new
schools,
I:\l\
purpose
houes
cl.ew.'ly eo
fo.llneae a
A1ld 81
reI igiOD ,
worship; deity ; th t ~ 1& far in
compare
choose .......
T"lle &Ooli be dOlJe i
potMr,
T"-.a..r~ ...
magnet
IOVQ
b1tt Coroe or.., buttbc

-e uuto
"Van1 ~
of
near to nowhere.. gres..t dar

tire body
Father. in Him.
hE~brought _
]I(!
n !IrJ 1,·( H I'

hy ~ \ III nut of t h t
A~a
lit tim nU.Lt
l be W011 whole . i hW:ueR ml Ul(~n . into 10 lwnrt of t-ll n lu,,"il g the da. a ium'Cn. our rl~i t e for ndorl ehil
Ialaw
o huge (ron
lsI.!llllQa,d
p3.lis
js
DC>w
0
we can best
of A
hun lIaa Behiu(J the t Iala'W... Tb
o lBI B FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I
II
_.
foraDltm1.noh.DI1 ·-ir-----
'.f
wor kJ ellQ . n tho utmO$t i It has IlOt time at qu
55
'Wise it
gives
The r
!los!
the Mo
is the
0
&ltion stro ugl the ill
thing ~ can. p pies W'6 &la"e!, ow goldt aw t,. iroD. n not the mn h-90nght that fi . t sloue upies tho dent th the co inual com ha.u:un 1::1; trad D. and t me:rca.u Ie one.. n iIIIPQl'tl t~g hls hlgll er e ltare and tme of the Weat n Snda,u
and sl
other the Nj think I marHy with the Eu!"Ope:a.u ooaata, ~ it hoi ita 10de now is of C01l8id rsble imp
ly natu that the b alllwedan as Emperior e tha.t br lIgB culture a th.o«: Dlleeteci wi nonr1abe by the Ii he hands 0 u peop~ea, r, the B ue and ghtly of he inland
mland
Ielam.
not
e Inn FDlJ'Dllm Boou
strong nati~e
cbief repreetarlta.
) Sndnn.
en ftJ.J."t;Ug:tIC:n.l, 0.0 the 1\'11 01
LWh. i.UI Ar'<.\
a.nd lDdiijdl!J. me:er...n hol.. t.h l."eSpeeted by th

iD.:IluentiaJ.
- Ion
a8
tho];r oha iu tho V~t... lIe·
tha.t
maD~ fihun l'erul
or mental cnltu
In lookiDg' &b Europeal1 eolQ7J ment .m.a..v eoun coDiessing tha.t the partla.lity OOUl'8e when
tact that it
Moale:tn mItts, e aad the Arabs become mMbmt

pe:aodul rule of
beQu-ue cle&rer WQ very ad ~anr-..-..: ......
they h&d to
Ov
hammedBD
hllD.ter. He was and friendly ..__.....,.. ndght ban f. paaed, the lnd_....... atreDgthened. 1
contact with 00
w88
barJed to it.
The favour of 2&ftl'DlIlLCl
inl'"OlUlrt&ry ploy M.oeleru.a. ~ held a.t

4
A.:I::8Dfeld.
II
_.
foraDltm1.noh.lII1 ·_·rI-i--
51
llowiDg+ ~ .......... so1die ,....... n
..,....... LLLedaU ...........
military Ly a. pIaee of terM a.nd eerv110
ie
MohammedWl
the partiality
~ VTI of the ou a further illua-ell d In one of the of Sierra Leone.. t tribes j while others
iDst m.i.si1ons
no
lecto.ree
on
iro a.ud ............ p:>u wbose ap~ o.a.-. d their peace of

h01V
e matter. highM
edau a.uthorl&
prooeed-
II
It of the Moe-
slam and
is lO~ll
to il ~i
un on..
«u
:Uu
e impo ueeptfon
S-8ellding A2.har
e Inn FDlJ'Dllm
I I I
Boo
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm
Boou
60
and M iss ions
un
f
round
euw
more and more, rllh ua we DJ..O.n! of heathua .!J. fr1
(3) the fact
abont the defenei ve azul ~~ vo ieeions a.re takiug-I Wl.cJ.t III~ h 11 Taking IL glauc.e ull nru.. , W"C ! uti n
in oomparlsnn" ith the til Ill,-+ut l'Y lu ortb A.fr1ca. we lu.\vo & hu g li u of SlUOJlg Moh&w meda.ua,. 5 tch ng Algnria aDd Tnnia to}i pt.. ut aDd therefore hJ~llmeient. ~j,HI wu the:U' 1l:n pnrtillloo. Th m., M::cept in F.£ypt, are cop rlS If th ng to pOlitJ.enl eondi tiQua. If t Iia eould be strengthened, it wo Id
aluab1e field for the dev~lo it wonld make ita iufluo men of dilLies towards Moslem rica, l-
fclt. ar
tier of Moh~IOedtU1 AId nger development, but th ~_......... They also are W{)rkiug in Dati ve cho.rcbee tbcy nre t oDCe ,.,ill b&n to brenk tlt ueeti on thongh if they" il ~ ary advanoe on Moho.mlu nu 1 re ll"oBlem population 8 ound· Ig
Africa sre sJl wftcrl g nn The :Ih&t eons:iata j n tho t d4
.A. '1'(".0 d l' ty among the JU.Q.ny mise Otll!!l t at th Q'1'eAt pleaeut't that we ) ftl.]' 0 a. oj. in 191~ wbel"e fonr of ttl III -.nd lQ.ll.gU..,.
61
nother est Afrjcan.m..i.Mt ua is for
r MperatJ.o.n.
line 'Where lBlam is ma.l;· ....... ~ like thIe not be bllt that an
work s.m.ong Mo 6Wa in
B.Dd western. of it tic .. y, special , along wIth 'WOOl" WllOUg nne great ez.aepti to this ~ a strategic positio of the being the great tnUloo at the Ili&tO.e tiwe~ AfricaD.
Ilitro gbolds. hM nobly led the Y SJ'Jd ..,......._._....... aocletieR. The iesion· y of med..ieal le ; also in the 0 is very slen also been fOllode blie preaching i
oat po.-erfol
governmeut to a
have n~ y eI in the eo
hae
.ttillS
more r ]y
'e
weleorno Ih i~ Omt.i nm It, tv 11 up speedily
e Izm I FDlJ'Dllm Boou I
-.
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm
I
Boou
they Co
Budans
The
.Jl1e,Dl
her
0
Timbuk OJ ha:ve to do.

Sha.dhil"
Y of thew
founded. Order bas
these tb
eouth ofM y tribes th
were too e.qeditl of the

far
Mo.leml!l
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU
I I I I
-.
I
founder of & principles which be
I I I
power They
the
yoke
bot i
They aongbt to n pire tJlO Sbf> h lIS ith tbei.r miss I ~n'y ,..cnl. 'h.~y ting tuemsel v~~ t t.be Will'S u.i.ui order to win 1h I OvCl". ~, T til cDS le:'acll 0 ttl cI r Uucl.r I u~t\ ardent reit>1'ruru 0 the Ulema and wi tb any OrclCl' 1 ~y ('oX to lIed tho tIle Sulblu. ua U ,~Culi 11h ot ls .~Ql+ 'irU of rc"t.1('$SII~ nuu f'UCOl1 gcd. ru6W. l&luls ,,"oul r.l'"CC4.1 fron tho They hn.vcn~ut t·i C"e in Aig or&, ng to thoir p . elo.mIc tcae
t,
their .
am
lU,18
pR8ge:d f From the
fr01n two eenu j lanne ooast. to

l"'t~1 l ~
moll'
the
yea.1'&
joined t wQrk n
These
laDatI
the CUSlierl lSi Ahtuad biD Ie, til{" Sbei , ent Ollt hie rut P.8i 1 O)t"jca Iu t lu~t h eeutnry, TiL oelems iu X rge umubers, n.1 ork UQW (';t;L.rrk U Ill' Un=Scm sor.neU mcs in t1 e p=,wt. W".n·T kflO j ~ Jul, haY" ~ p~1L regio ~:MQhanlm clng atll"Cly mul e uli 11 Ronl-h W·
nr.l,wnlJ Tilu b ide tllu 1U
ly bill ,is.
nd~ tau I'llM
1l:t'O 1100
~"'8.
i eh is un
ug
WII Wl
)0
nb't~l t
l
~bu.rl·ler j f,
d~rtJ
W4
t1nbroke
,
ut wi
ount.,i lUl hna h tl erto

rl Mohnwuu\(]al
Q
to contaiu t
iug PIlgRlI tTi

110('111
prov I'd an
t e partition
CO~
Ellrope]
a new d
m baa
1ge1",
~'Pt
j.ea. nmongat. 1he

Thn Ql II
I I
jng a.."Il6W be Pa.g&.D.
Moslem..a were tile earlier nder Sheikh
bjuga.ted A Fllhm nlsted ont com

01"
5e:CI"et
DlB.ke the
on by the
oh&mmed
o lIn
I
II
FDlJ'Dllm Boo
I
II
-.~ob.DI1
68
{....n, 1 stude
bin Er
ytm' 1
joiued the uuded tlle &nd ~~
come
Cb.ad
.flU&ll trollI. 6ituate
Fr.om
1m
into
troub
deep
poopl
BCribe Ma.hdi {
terri
o lBI B FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I
_.
foraDltm1.noh.DI1
·-·r----
kcic h
(J ~
l..U
'l-CU{; at,{
t hllflu.red Y er c hLl.,..~b Of.'!
v ity
tlt lH)W J :iUY
'real; pull ,. ,al c
~ l)ropag
tJa. ~uL
made kn III All Uissaid I Dod t ally pro a.nd igu

with
ground, aDd. ni:.s. wi ll, it ia

1jtlle. 1
lHt uf Ai ica,
01 u is of ~i luw
]
uru'l:I1:'1 ,
Biihop are to
kit CIBIo!:tW
of ltIlam ia:i
t.bat;hm~
ha"i'e a may will
very
formnla..
ummel:
their
O"&n:l •
bfI.1 .., rJOnIld ID il;C'ahl!ll~ .. oa alII) thlflir
~'bQoraJ1
to a. B: ih~ a.ro imptI"rio:n., to a,rs1lUal:1!l1IiI" •tj 0'. Jr. ~ lOU?'-
of its
clU'"Lied 0
UIU"y
Mo~ .............. ,......u..

belong
Mo e
I
II
nd ttIissions
ue
1.I
:actj u Dcr ish Order a tootj IIg j i.I tl e Hausa co
eq uutorlal Af leu. (1 VOS) ~~ : ~''l'JIlt t he up itl gro '

Ol"L.1Ua CQUI"t
t.r
calls for
pa rt of the C w-cl..L.' t u the north k of the
peov inali iu 81)

in th
u yOl;lIlg
Q. recent o lea.vetbe ThiB I
!rom 1
ud jUftUBD
(IS
of thls
18 lost. figh e pol itieaJ.
, u t'fi the. ad v of Islam, e went to ont srd OPP 1'V lt r says: '~Circu cision of
Y B d !reed al R ve pagan c.hiI en ; f li le PAgan gl1'l and boYB, ved f Moe1em E wi lb the robrn MoslemB an mem ben 0 Mo·
LP~
............
of,
bseri ptioDS 0 go~emm t to Mof DlOSq ues j ttendanee vernment offi ala, as etion of stron pa.gau n' ld ou t. ngaillst II e MolJa.m bri ngi rig til under th theae same 0) enewlea :;
-.~ob.DI1
13
and
United M esion 1 pods tlIe ca e ie! of whieh ntJy ereeted,
11
reduced to s expeeted th ricau t..ri ~ to opeQ its
OOl'S
British ar
Mls~iOJl, b
tribes wow ha.'f'e y iuto their them." :I

~ orphsu
n:ui 11g
al:.I
e][
eone the ;.d
au d 11one too s- Tbe O.
Ue.s $Ollt h of
OW" OWD:5!I
the progrees u the
errs
meda.nI..em in
thts
am olJducted b tbe pllrp n&.ry. SOUle n in a. town, tfm~ SOOD u np approach the ~hief their intende a.ct~ n ad hereu t. f!J as m ueh aa h .y pnt him th ra. ins) forbid hi
p- 16.
I II I
htU'·o lJ3.id: ~- ..lUJu] l :t'!Io~ xe . ~c ,tt one or the. Al'n.b&.

r
arly d nriIJg lw tribe who )11 lJ~o ot Lter
~. '.Y U1.iHI., there B.~.I~l .'In ia· 4; _bo bal"e

I-1Rll(l
hu
~
Ill" Sud l\l1).

lzit.ir+
l.(1ll
notbing
ro 19h Y 001 u,nd t.o he lt414t fuurt.· __ nd 1l. MoruClD.
tip all inl~ ditr-a:ren~ , attit nllf,! of

l
ink tlIat thi8
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm
I I
Boou
I
-.~ob.lII1
I I
no me3.JlJt ay iuS' even OminOUB p
opinion of
CJ:
o'b4llnua~lllJ'1lil!lQh~ 0 II P. 21; Vet'bI& II
16
-.~ob.DI1
I I
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm
I I
Boou
e zm n FDlJ'Dllm
Boo
I
77
iuga is
d by
aao!avo
~ for the mligl on

y Prote8t&n ~ is
Proteetant
C!i.:pl yed hy Christia.t:L colat I is the best reli on
la.lJy EIIi lJC€I we II take place, as tru pred n tha I fee is the ttned to Is!am t I com peller! to dw imply tbts-that nrJWlt wurld~ a.n H anIture and w Dg on a higher p
] on
the
the y of
inteU~i b1e to is so diataDt
I
him
ess.
ny people! ns 1ike tri bes as Only not be sa.i t D6 the In profess C mneh weight o I see to wh ohllmln~_
ttl is
j reS
°
tbe pol
y wh
Some iters sr nbridled ~JII.H&I.i ty of t

ca.
e zm n FlllJ'Dllm Boou I _. oh.lII1
II
fora Ditm1.n , i-·r----
til
to
hopay 'C-.U1"::u..&aIE'I, No
a.udedr on vert
social s.lmost pro-c-
tOllch~d
startlingly hat should

I I
II
-.~ob.DI1
I I
.......................... le for ev
Moh~oI&&'IOl\.I and acq .
e medic. work obte.in ng c.o.nvc J bnt

I
the moot impo
girl!!!
grow Conn
nrnet
Bffecti
~rk.tJ the Mo
lean:t d18~"'"
a. new era.. auy Obri~ oneb with the
o lBI B FDlJ'Dllm I Boou
_.
foraDltm1.noh.DI1 ·-·TI----
86
highest trnst does not reel r truth, and

Cb.Ii.Bt.1
ftlr G
dt., g,irJenw l:a

-I.!lilitflrf!Jda.
ltt
is!t.no =u tRl· ~bterftli.M:.

j
8Me~1907.
I I I
VI
MALAYSIA
AL1.-PEltM PlLa:aU~J
LAMIe id
ond.erfo.l IWry has overlhro ave to 8eDd hi

bdtall prin d.eri va hi8 ho t from the E
-.~ob.DI1
I
88
lalamic
tioo:aqtnatfgated
which
t.brongh i vigorous Yee, u rearly rea. i is there
world iEI
Wb056 ....... _
promise
l'eliglon pilgrimBg the cowl
a.vjma·ted die for th iB the him bia sj It is

pilgrim!
from. whl
I"
Blue Nile ab\ -GaJlalatt

l.eldee.
"blch th
eioru:.,ry .......... ....,....

neY'to M whether
acholar QD Bnt it i tbat the tain pro
donbt the
them. KG
e zm n DIJ'DIIm Boou
I I
a,
I$U n g on it close eon OOr alue e Is amif.!In Qr the

e zm n FDfZ(I!Im
II
Boo
o IlBII B FDlJ'Dllm Boou I I
_.
I·-·r----
foraDltm1.noh.DI1

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