Prepared By : Haseeb Khan Student of BBA 5th

semester GCMS Peshawar

Instructor: Noorulhadi (noorulhadi99@yahoo.com)

OBSERVATION
The process of recording the behavior of
people, object and occurrence as you are
the witnessed is called observation
 Steps in observation

 Serves a formulated research purpose

 Is planed systematically .
 Is recorded systematically regarding to a
general purpose.
 Is subjected to check the validity and
reliability of a research topic.
 Main kinds of observar
 Participant
 Un-Participant
Participant observar
When the researcher or observer is an integral
part of an organization regarding to which the
observation is to be performed than it is called
participant observation
 Unparticipant observar

When the observer was not the integral

part of the organization than the observer is
known as un-participant observer.
 Observation survey
Observation survey is kind of data collection
and that kind of data collection is conducted
mainly on two types.
 structured survey:
When you plant a set of categories which is to
be studies than it become structured studies
 Unstructured survey:
When you not plant a set of categories which
to be studied than it become unstructured
studies.
 Techniques of Observation
Observation survey is conducted mainly by using two main
techniques.
(1)Direct observation:
A straight forward attempt to observe and record what
naturally occurs the investigator does not create un artificial
situation it is called direct observation.
(2) Mechanical observation:
The observation which is conducted by using the machines
than that kind of observation is called mechanical
observation, mechanical observation is conducted by using
different machines as:
 Camera
 Speed meter
 Thermometer
 Kinds of observation
So far as the observation relates to the
prepared mind but when a task is assigned
to you in a specific field then the situation is
different in different times so belonging to
that situational factors there are two kinds
of observation
(1) Visible observation
(2) Hidden observation
 Visible Observation
 The situation in which the subject is cleared
to the observer then it is called visible
observation.
 Hidden Observation
 The observation in which the subject is not
cleared to the observer it is called hidden
observation.