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  • Focusing of Phonons in Crystalline Solids Due To Elastic Anisotropy

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    In this paper we have introduced a simple model which is believed to describe the relevant influence of a boundary on the polariton waves. Our treatment leads to the condition that an appropriate linear combination of P and 8P / 8x vanishes at the surface. We have also extended the theory of bulk waves and boundary conditions to include two or more dispersive resonances.

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    Focusing of Phonons in Crystalline Solids due to Elastic Anisotropy

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    In this paper we have introduced a simple model which is believed to describe the relevant influence of a boundary on the polariton waves. Our treatment leads to the condition that an appropriate linear combination of P and 8P / 8x vanishes at the surface. We have also extended the theory of bulk waves and boundary conditions to include two or more dispersive resonances.

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    11 views15 pages

    Focusing of Phonons in Crystalline Solids Due To Elastic Anisotropy

    Uploaded by

    Hl Zou
    In this paper we have introduced a simple model which is believed to describe the relevant influence of a boundary on the polariton waves. Our treatment leads to the condition that an appropriate linear combination of P and 8P / 8x vanishes at the surface. We have also extended the theory of bulk waves and boundary conditions to include two or more dispersive resonances.

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    of 15
    s4s2 T. plained by incorporating nonlocal loss mecha~ nisms. Vil. SUMMARY In this paper we have introduced a simple model which is believed to describe the relevant influence of a boundary on the polariton waves, In contrast to the considerations in Ref. 2, we do not neglect the coupling to light in the boundary-condition prob lem. Generally, our treatment leads to the condl- tion that an appropriate linear combination of P and aP/@r vanishes at the surface [see Eq. (16)]. However, when inserting actual parameters of erys- ‘8. 1, Pekar, Zh. Eksporim. 1 Teor. Fiz, 33, 1022 0957) (soy. Phys. JETP 6, 785 (1958)), 83, J, Hoplield and D. G, Thomas, Phys. Rev. 192, 563 496s), 81, J, Hopi, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Suppl, 21, 777 0966), v. M, Agranovich and V. 1. Ginsburg, Spatial Dis- persion in Crystal Optics and the Theory of Excitons (intorscience, Joba Wiley and Sone, London, 1960), ‘c. W, Deutsche and C. A, Mead, Phys. Rev. 158, Ass (1965), "J, J, Hopleld, Phys. Rev, 112, 1955 (1958). 1D, G, Thomas, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 15, 86 (1960), SKETTRUP AND 1. BALSLEV a talline resonances we find that P0 at the surface ian adequate condition throughout the spectrum. ‘The influence of the thickness a of the surface layer has been treated strictly in the long-wave limit. ‘Thus, if a polariton mode carrying a considerable part of the energy has a wave vector comparable to 1/a, then a more elaborate calculationis neces- sary. We have algo extended the theory of bulk ‘waves and boundary conditions to include two or more dispersive resonances, Finally, we have demonstrated the agreement with experiment of the boundary condition in case of the exciton Lines in 200. ‘Hyg, Cardona, J. Phys. Chom. Sols 24, 1549 (1963) (0-090). “p, B, Dietz, J. J. Hopfield, and D. G, Thomas, J. Appl. Phys, $2 Suppl. 2282 (961), (Wf=1,5m, If ‘corrected for the new value of the electron ma 25m). “Sp,” sogall, Phys. Rev. 163, 769 (1967) (AT=2m)- ‘Tho time-saving approximations introduced in pro~ lows computations of exciton spectra in Zn0 (see Ref. 13) have not been applied here. Consequently, we obtain somewhat different values for oscillator strengths and resonance frequencies, itp. Skettrup, Solid State Commun, 1, 869 (1965). 'Y, 8, Pankand J. R, Schneider, J. Appl. Phys. 29, ‘ir, skettrup and I. Balatev, Phys, Sia, Solid 40, 049 (2966), 93 4970). 45, Pitinskt and 7, skettrup fenpublished). PHYSICAL REVIEW B VOLUME 3, NUMBER 4 15 FEBRUARY 1971 Focusing of Phonons in Crystalline Solids due to Elastic Anisotropy* B. Taylor, H. J. Maris, and C. Elbaum Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rode Island 02012 (Received 14 September 1970) Large differences (ap toa factor of 100) have been observed in the intensity of phonons of ilferent polarizations propagating bellistially in LiF, KCI, and ALO. These observations ‘were made by means of heat-pulse experimenta carried out on single crystals, in the tempera {ure range 1.5-8.5°K. The results axe explained in terms of phonon focusing evo to the {Bet tht in elastically anisotropie erystals the phonon phase and group velocities are, in general, not collinear. Caleulations ofthe focusing effect, to detormine the relative intensities of phonons ‘of each polarization in many erystal dizections, have been curried out for a number of solid The results ofthese calewations are in good agreoment with the experimental results obtained obtained by other investigators on Si, Ce, and NaF, {im this study, as well as with tho 1 INTRODUCTION 1m heat-pulse experiments, * phonons are gener ated in a thin metallic film on one face of a crystal by means of short electrical, microwave, or laser pulses. The phonons are detected, alter propagat- ing through the erystal, by means of a suitable bo- lometer. Metallic tllms which undergo a super- cconducting-to-normal transition when the phonon energy arrives are very effective detectors, For heat-pulse experiments, a crystal with phonon mean free path comparable to its linear dimensions is, required so that the phonons will propagate ballisti- cally rather than diffusively. Pulses due to phonons of different polarizations then arrive at the detector at different times and therefore ean be studied in- dependently, These experiments have considera ble advantages over thermal-conductivity studies 3 FOCUSING OF PHONONS IN a5 a means of investigating phonon-phonon and pho- non-

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