OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network Overview ISSUE1.3

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OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network

Overview
ISSUE 1.3
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:
 Know 3Gpp evolution path, and know each

step’s characteristic
 Master MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900’s function
 Master R4 network structure
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 2

Chapter1 Core Network Evolution
Chapter2 R99 Core Network

Definition of Core Network
 CN includes a series of physical entities to realize user location
management, network function and service control, such as (G)MSC, HLR,
SCP, SMC,GSN etc.
 CN can be divided into three types: Home Network Domain, Transit Network
Domain and Roaming Network Domain. Ref. is 3GPP 23.101.
Home
Network
Domain
[Zu]
Cu Uu Iu [Yu]
Serving Transit
Network Network
Domain Domain
USIM Mobile Access Network Domain Core Network Domain
Domain Equipment
Domain
User Equipment Domain Infrastructure Domain

3GPP Evolution Path
3GPP R6
3GPP R5
3GPP R4
3GPP R99
GSM The time of

freezing
function
1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

Core Network Evolution (I)
Terminal Radio 2G Core Network External

Network Network
GSM
MSC/VLR/GMSC/SSP PSTN
Service Domain
BSS HLR/AUC/SCP
GPRS
SGSN/GGSN/CG/BG
3GPP R6
3GPP R5
3GPP R4
3GPP R99
GSM
1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

Core Network Evolution (II)
Terminal Radio 3G R99 Core Network External

Network Network
UMTS CS
BSS MSC/VLR/GMSC/SSP PSTN
Service Domain
HLR/AUC/SCP
UTRAN UMTS PS
SGSN/GGSN/CG/BG
R99: 3GPP R6
3GPP R5
New radio access technology is introduced 3GPP R4
3GPP R99
GSM
Minor modification for core network
1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout
R99 Network Architecture
MSC/VLR PSTN
GSM /GPRS BSS GMSC ISDN
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC
PCU SCE
SS7
RNC
SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS BACKBONE/ Internet,
Intranet
UTRAN SGSN GGSN
CG BG
Other PLMN

R99 Core Network － Features and Technologies
 Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS domain is based on
original GSM network. PS domain is based on original GPRS network.
 CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service. Network mode can supp
ort TDM, ATM and IP. Physical entities include switching equipment (such as M
SC/VLR, GMSCs), and inter-working equipment (IWF).
 PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service. Network mode is IP. Phy
sical entities include SGSN, GGSN, CG , BG etc.

Core Network Evolution (III)
Network Network
UMTS CS Control Plane
MSC Server/VLR/SSP
PSTN
BSS H.248
Bear Plane Service
Domain
MGW
HLR/AUC
/LCS
SMS/SCP
UMTS PS
UTRAN SGSN/GGSN/CG/BG
R4: 3GPP R6
3GPP R5
MSC of CN (core network) is divided into 3GPP R4
3GPP R99
GSM
two type of devices: MSC Server and MGW
1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout
HLR/EIR
GMLC/SMLC
SMS-C
MAP MAP
MAP
SCP
CAP
SIGTRAN
SS7
BICC GMSC Server

VMSC Server PSTN/ISDN
MAP
RANAP
TDM/G.711
UTRAN BSSAP H.248
IP BackBone
GSM/R99PLMN
AAL2 MGW
MGW
TDM/G.711
RTP/RTCP
TDM
BSS
IP network

Bearer and Control Separated
MSC
Control Bearer
Layer H.248 Layer

R4 Core Network － Function Entities
 MSC Server: control layer, to realize MM (mobility management), CM ( call c
ontrol), MGC (media gateway control) .
 MGW ： bearer layer, to realize the switch function of voice and media flow,
and provide all kinds resources, such as TC, EC, play announcement and r
eceive DTMF.
 SG: to realize signaling transfer from MTP (SS7 transmission layer) to SCT
P/IP (SIGTRAN transmission layer).

MSCV9 includes two parts
MSC SERVER MSOFTX3000
MGW UMG8900
MSC V9
 MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900 are all WCDMA R4 products

MSC V9 can support GSM 、 3GPP R99 、 3GPP R4 network
GSM/GPRS network R99 network

MSC MSC R99 MSC R99 MSC
ATM/TDM
TDM 交换
综合交换
GSN GSN GSN GSN
GPRS 网络 UMTS 网络
RNC Node B
BSC BTS
WCDMA RAN
GSM BSS
R4 network
MSC Server MGW
IP/ATM/TDM 网络
GSN GSN
UMTS 网络
RNC Node B
WCDMA RAN

MSC V9 has Modularized Architecture, High Integration
Traditional MSC
(1000K subs)
Typical
TypicalConfiguration
Configuration Integration
Integration
150,000 subs 1 Racks
1,000,000 subs 3 Racks
V9 MSC or 1,800,000 subs 6 Racks

MSC Server + MGW
(1000K subs)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

Core Network Evolution (IV)
Network Network
UMTS CS Control Plane
MSC Server/VLR/SSP
PSTN
BSS H.248
Bear Plane Service
MGW Domain
HSS/LCS
MMS/SCP
UMTS PS UMTS IMS

UTRAN SGSN/GGSN MGCF/CSCF/MRF
R5:
3GPP R6
New IMS (IP multimedia Subsystem) Domain 3GPP R5
3GPP R4
is introduced to CN 3GPP R99
GSM
1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

Questions
 Which functions can CN provide?
 What is the WCDMA first version? How about the features?
 Which domain in WCDMA R4 can implement the function of
control layer separated from bearer layer?


PSTN Gi Gp
GMSC GGSN
AuC
C Gc
H
HLR
PSTN Gn
D Gr
EIR
G F Gf
VLR VLR Gs
B B SGSN
MSC MSC
E
CN
A Gb IuCS IuPS
BSS PCU RNS
Iur
BSC RNC
RNC
Abis Iub
BTS BTS Node B Node B
cell
Um Uu
MS UE

R99 Core network － Function Entity(1)
 Function entity shared by CS domain and PS :
 HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management and location information management ;
 AUC: to store authentication information of mobile subscriber ;
 EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;
 SMS: Short Message Center.

R99 Core network － Function Entity(2)
 Function entity of CS domain:
 MSC: to realize switching and signaling control function of circuit service.
 VLR: to deal with all kinds of data information of current mobile subscriber ;
 GMSC: to realize addressing function for different network. GMSC and MSC can be
integrated together or separated independently.
 IWF: integrated together with MSC, to realize inter-working with PLMN and ISDN,
PSTN , PDN (Mainly complete signaling transfer function), its functions can be
defined based on specified services and network types.

R99 Core Network － Function Entity(3)
 Function entity of PS domain:
 SGSN: to realize packet switching function, signaling control function and route
function of packet service.
 GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain and external data network.
 CG: to realize billing function of packet service.
 BG: to realize inter-working of two GPRS network and guarantee the security of
network.

R99 Core Network － Interface(1)
 Interface between CN and RAN/BSS:
 A Interface: to realize mobile station management, base station management,

mobility management and call processing, etc.
 Gb interface: to realize packet data transmit and mobility management.
 Iu-CS interface: to realize RNS management, mobility management and call contro
l function.
 Iu-PS interface: its basic function is similar to Iu-CS interface.

 CS internal interface:
 B interface (MSC-VLR): A private interface between VLR and MSC. It is used for the
MSC to query the current location information of a Mobile Station (MS) from the Visit
Location Register (VLR), or request the VLR to update the current location information
of the MS or is used for the operations of supplementary services.
 C interface (MSC-HLR): to get MSRN, the IN service related subscriber status and loca
tion information.

 D interface (VLR-HLR): used to exchange the location information of the MS and the
subscriber management information.
 E interface ( between MSC): to be used for handover process between two MSCs.
 F interface (MSC-EIR) : to be used for EIR to verify IMEI status information of mobile
equipment.
 G interface (between VLR): to exchange IMSI and authentication information when

MS moves from one VLR to another VLR.

 PS internal interface:
 Gr interface (SGSN-HLR): to exchange mobile location information and manage subscri

ber signed information. It is similar to C interface.
 Gn, Gp interface (SGSN-GGSN): GTP is adopted, used for establish tunnel and transmi
t data packet between GSN equipment.
 Gc interface (GGSN-HLR) : optional.
 Gf interface (SGSN-EIR) .
 Gi interface (GGSN – external network).
 Common interfaces shared by CS and PS:
 Gs interface (MSC/VLR-SGSN): used for combined location update between MSC and
SGSN) .
 H interface (HLR-AUC): used for authentication and ciphering. It is a private interface.

Questions
 What’s the functions of R99 core network elements ?
 Which interfaces do we have in the R99 core network ?


Section 1 Networking and Interface
Section 2 R4 Features

HLR/EIR
GMLC/SMLC
SMS-C
MAP MAP
MAP
SCP
CAP
SIGTRAN
SS7
BICC GMSC Server

VMSC Server PSTN/ISDN
MAP
RANAP
TDM/G.711
UTRAN BSSAP H.248
IP BackBone
GSM/R99PLMN
AAL2 MGW
MGW
TDM/G.711
RTP/RTCP
TDM
BSS
IP network

R4 Core Network － Interface and Protoc
ol (1)
BICC
SCTP M3UA MTP3B MTP3
SCTP SSCF/SSCOP MTP2
IP IP AAL5/ATM MTP1
MSC GMSC
Server Server
Nc
H.248
Mc Mc SCTP UDP MTP3B
Nb IP SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5
MGW MGW
RTP/RTCP AAL2 Voice
UDP/IP ATM PCM

R4 Core Network － Interface and Protoc
ol (2)
 Mc interface ((G)MSC Server–MGW) : H.248 is adopted, to realize the flexible
connection processing for multi call mode, multi media ；
 Nc interface (MSC Server–(G)MSC Server) : to realize the inter-office call cont
rol. It adopts BICC protocol ；
 Nb interface ( Between MGWs ) ： to realize the transfer of control and user i
nformation (voice, data, picture, media) in bearer layer ， and realize the transf
er of different media frame format. RTP/UDP/IP and AAL2/ATM protocol is ado
pted.

Section 1 Networking and Interface
Section 2 R4 Features

Four-layer Architecture
Service Management iOSS

Policy App Server IN MRS
Server
Network Control
SoftSwitch SoftSwitch
Core Switching Packet Core Network

S R
IAD UMG
AMG
Broadband SG 3G Access
Edge Access Access TMG
UMG
PSTN
PLMN

Network of CMCC TMSC project
Beijing Xi’an
Tianjing Lanzhou
Shijiazhuang Urumchi
Taiyuan Xi’ning
Hohehot Beijing Xi’an Yinchuan
Shanghai Wuhan
Hangzhou Changsha
Shanghai Wuhan Zhengzhou
Nanchang
Fuzhou Chendu
Shenyang Chongqing
Changchun Shenyang Chendu Guiyang
Ha’erbin Kunming
Guangzhou Lhasa
Guangzhou1
Nanjing TMSC
Guangzhou2 Nanjing
Nanjing Hefei TMG/SG
Kaikou Ji’nan
Embedded SG － Save transmission link
HLR/EIR
GMLC/SMLC
SMS-C
MAP MAP
MAP
SCP
CAP
SG7000
SS7 network
GMSC Server
BICC
VMSC Server PSTN
MAP
RANAP
TDM/G.711
UTRAN BSSAP H.248
GSM/R99PLMN
AAL2 MGW
MGW
TDM/G.711
RTP(AAL2)/AMR
TDM
BSS
IP(ATM)
BackBone
IP

Centralized Service Control
New Service
Server
Packet Switch
Packet Switch
MGW MGW
MGW MGW
MGW MGW MGW
Service is combined with MSC. Service is not combined with MGW.

Most of services need to upgrade all MSCs. Service upgrade only relates to server layer.
MSCs locates dispersedly, difficult to upgrade. Centralized service management, easy to upgrade.
Traditional Network Next Generation Network

Distributed Architecture － Flexible networking
 The advantage of distributed networking ：

 Traffic route is the best, network performance is the best.
 Mostly suitable for the operators with wide coverage.
Traditional network Distributed network

Inter-working mode. inter-working mode.

TFO and TrFO – Improve voice quality
 The difference of TFO and TrFO ：
 TFO set up the coder–free connection by in-band signal, while coder still need to
work (used for monitor signal of TFO message) .
 TrFO set up the coder-free connection by out-band signal, but coder is not needed
after connection is set up.
 The advantage of TFO and TrFO ：
 Improve voice quality ：
− Voice coder has damaged compress for voice. It will reduce voice quality whe
n coder is used.
− Can reduce the transmission delay.
 Save the power of equipment
− When TrFO is adopted, the coder function is bypassed, thus will save the pow
er of equipment.

Questions
 What’s the advantage of embedded SG ?
 What’s the advantage of R4 core network ?
 What’s the difference between TFO and TrFO ?


Section 1 R5 Networking
Section 2 SIP Introduction

CS domain IP/ATM Backbone
MGW MGW PSTN/PLMN

GSM /GPRS BSS
VMSC Server GMSC Server
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC/HSS
Iu-CS
SCE
PCU SS7
RNC SMS
SCP
NodeB Iu-PS
GPRS
Internet,
backbone Intranet
UTRAN SGSN
GGSN
MGW
PS MGCF
domain CG BG
IP backbone
P-CSCF S-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP
IMS domain

R5 Features
 3GPP R5 Features:
 Inherit all the WCDMA R4 service and functions.
 IMS ( IP Multimedia System) is added based on PS, CS of R5 is consistent with that

of R4.
 Iu interface can select IP and ATM. IP based is a trend of networking.
 IP QoS is enhanced.
 Services are enhanced, such as OSA ， Push Service
 R5 realizes ALL IP network put forward by 3GPP.
 IP will become the bearing technology for all signaling message and change the origi
nal call flow.

R5 Core Network － IMS (1)
IP Multimedia Networks
Legacy mobile signalling Networks
PSTN
Mb Mb PSTN
BGCF CSCF IMS main function entity:
PSTN Mm
Mk Mk  CSCF ：
Mw  P-CSCF
C, D, Gc, Gr
Mj BGCF
Mi
Cx
 S-CSCF
IMS-MGW MGCF HSS  I-CSCF
Mg CSCF
Mn
SLF  HSS
Mr Mw Dx
Mb
 SLF
MRFP MRFC P - CSCF UE
Mp Gm  BGCF
Gq IMS
Mb Mb Mb
 MGCF/IM MGW
PDF
Go Gi  MRFC/MRFP
Iu-PS Gn  AS
SGSN GGSN PS WLAN- or IP-CAN
 PDF/PEF
UTRAN
Iu-CS MSC CS
UE

 CSCF ： Call Session Control Function
 Is divided into P/S/I three types based on its function and location.
 P-CSCF(Proxy CSCF) ： It is the first connection point for subscriber in IMS and provide
Proxy function. It can receive service request and transfer them, but can not modify the
Request URI field in INVITE message; P-CSCF also can provide user agent function (U
A), it can interrupt and independently produce SIP conversion at abnormal case.
 S-CSCF(Serving CSCF) ： S-CSCF is the core control of IMS, it is responsible for UE to

register, authenticate and conservation control, realize conservation route function for c
alling and called IMS user. According to subscriber signed IMS triggered rule, it can trigg
er the value added service route to AS and control service negotiation.
 I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF): similar as IMS gateway node, provide node distribution,

route query and IMS Topology Hiding Inter-network function.

 HSS:The Home Subscriber Server.
 HSS stores the IMS subscriber signed information, including basic identity, route
information and service signed info. Centralized database, located at the top of I
MS core network. It stores the following information:
− IMS subscriber identity (including public and private identity), number and a
ddress information.
− IMS subscriber security context: ciphering information for subscriber to acce

ss network for authentication, roaming restrict information.
− IMS subscriber route information: HSS supported route information, registrat

ion information and location information.
− IMS subscriber service signed information: including other AS value added

service data.

Section 1 R5 Networking
Section 2 SIP Introduction

SIP Development
 SIP （ Session Initiation Protocol ） :
 It is application layer control protocol, used to setup, modify, and terminate multimedia s
ession (including meeting). For example, internet telephone call.
− Originally derived from MBone experiment in 1996.
− In 1999, It was adopted as RFC2543 standard by IETF-MMUSIC work

group.
− In 1999, SIP work group was established independently, later, two work group name
d as SIPPING and SIMPLE was newly set up, which is mainly devoted to SIP.
− In the July of 2002, it is turned to the new standard RFC3261.
− Most of the content was re-written. It is more clear and precise and
some new features were added.
− Most of contents keep the backward compliance with RFC2543.

SIP Features
 Based on text code.
 Only concern about setup, modify and terminate the conservation. SIP-URL
is uesd to indicate the resources or subscribers needed to be visited.
 Flexible extended and powerful negotiation mechanism: Supported, Unsup
ported, Require, ProxyRequire, Allow, Accept...
 Simple networking provides the flexibility, reliability and expandability. Relay
equipment (Proxy and Redirecter) need not to care about the message cont
ent, just transfer transparently.

SIP Protocol Stack
Signaling Media Utility
SDP Media Coding
Application Layer RTSP SIP RTP DNS DHCP
Transport Layer TCP UDP
Internet Layer IP
PPP
Physical/Link Layer
V.90 Ethernet

SIP Application in IMS

Questions
 What is the difference between R5 and R4?
 What’s the network element of IMS?
 What’s SIP feature?

Summary
 This course mainly introduces the R99, R4,
Summary R5 evolution and each features.
 The emphasis is R4 network.

Thank You
www.huawei.com

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Security Level: Internal use only

OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

 Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:

 Know 3Gpp evolution path, and know each

 Master MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900’s function

 Master R4 network structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 2

Chapter2 R99 Core Network

Chapter3 R4 Core Network

Chapter4 R5 Core Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 4

GSM The time of

1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

Terminal Radio 2G Core Network External

1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

Terminal Radio 3G R99 Core Network External

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 8

 Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS domain is based on

original GSM network. PS domain is based on original GPRS network.

 CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service. Network mode can supp

 PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service. Network mode is IP. Phy

sical entities include SGSN, GGSN, CG , BG etc.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 9

BICC GMSC Server

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 11

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 12

ontrol), MGC (media gateway control) .

P/IP (SIGTRAN transmission layer).

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 13

MSC SERVER MSOFTX3000

 MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900 are all WCDMA R4 products

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 14

GSM/GPRS network R99 network

GSN GSN GSN GSN

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 15

150,000 subs 1 Racks

1,000,000 subs 3 Racks

V9 MSC or 1,800,000 subs 6 Racks

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

UMTS PS UMTS IMS

1999/03 2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

 Which functions can CN provide?

 What is the WCDMA first version? How about the features?

 Which domain in WCDMA R4 can implement the function of

control layer separated from bearer layer?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 18

Chapter2 R99 Core Network

Chapter3 R4 Core Network

Chapter4 R5 Core Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 19

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 20

 HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management and location information management ;

 AUC: to store authentication information of mobile subscriber ;

 EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;

 SMS: Short Message Center.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 21

 MSC: to realize switching and signaling control function of circuit service.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 22

 GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain and external data network.

 CG: to realize billing function of packet service.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 23

 A Interface: to realize mobile station management, base station management,