2. A student performs an experiment to determine the molar enthalpy of solution of urea, H3NCONH places 91.95 g of water at 25°C into a coffee-cup calorimeter and immerses a thermometer in the v After 50 s, the student adds 5.13 g of solid urea, also at 25°C, to the water and measures the tempe solution as the urea dissolves. A plot of the temperature data is shown in the graph below. 26.0 25.0 24.0 ‘Temperature (°C) 0 30 100 ‘Time (s) (a) Determine the change in temperature of the solution that results from the dissolution of the ure (b) According to the data, is the dissolution of urea in water an endothermic process or an exother Justifv_vonr answer(c) Assume that the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter is negligible and that the specific heat c: the solution of urea and water is 4.2 J g~! *C-! throughout the experiment. (i) Calculate the heat of dissolution of the urea in joules. (ii) Calculate the molar enthalpy of solution, AH¢,,,, of urea in kJ mol". (d) Using the information in the table below, calculate the value of the molar entropy of solution, AS urea at 298 K. Include units with your answer. Accepted Value AHZ,, of urea | 14.0 kJ mol AG3,, of urea | 6.9 kJ mol! (c) The student repeats the experiment and this time obtains a result for AHj, of urea that is 11 per below the accepted value. Calculate the value of AH2j, that the student obtained in this second t (B) The student performs a third trial of the experiment but this time adds urea that has been taken di from a reftigerator at 5°C, What effect, if any, would using the cold urea instead of urea at 25°C | the experimentally obtained value of AHS), ? Justify your answer.(b) Calculate the standard free-energy change, AG®, that occurs when 12.0 g of Hy(g) reacts with ¢ No(g) at 208 K according to the reaction represented below, Ny(g) +3 Hyg) 2 2 NHA(g) AG%yq = 34k) mol! (c) Given that AH3, for the reaction is—92.2 kI mol~!, which is larger, the total bond dissociation of the reactants or the total bond dissociation energy of the products? Explain. (d) The value of the standard entropy change. AS3q. for the reaction is -199 J mol~'K-!, Explain v value of AS%g is negative (e) Assume that AH® and AS® for the reaction are independent of temperature. (i) Explain why there is a temperature above 298 K at which the algebraic sign of the value of changes. (ii) Theoretically, the best yields of ammonia should be achieved at low temperatures and high Explain,1. A sample of solid UjOg is placed in a rigid 1.500 L flask. Chiorine gas, Cly(g), is added, and the flask is hea to 862°C. The equation for the reaction that takes place and the equilibrium-constant expression for the react are given below. (Pu0,c1.) oa) U;Og(s) + 3Ch(g) ZF 3 UOACI{g) + O2(8) = (Pay? When the system is at equilibrium, the partial pressure of Cl;(g) is 1.007 atm and the partial pressure of UO,CI,(g) is 9.734 x 10 atm. (a) Calculate the partial pressure of Op(g) at equilibrium at 862°C. (b) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, K,, , for the system at 862°C. (©) Calculate the Gibbs free-energy change, AG*, for the reaction at 862°C. (d) State whether the entropy change, AS®. for the reaction at 862°C is positive, negative, or zero. Justify your answer. (e) State whether the enthalpy change, AHP, for the reaction at 862°C is positive. negative, or zero. Justify your answer. (8) After a certain period of time. 1.000 mol of O,(g) is added to the mixture in the flask. Does the mass of U,O(s) in the flask increase, decrease, or remain the same? Justify your answer. . Use principles of thermodynamics to answer the following questions. (a) The gas N,O, decomposes to form the gas NO, according to the equation below. 0. \, “ - S S co So ‘SS (i) Predict the sign of AHP for the reaction, Justify your answer. (i) Predict the sign of AS® for the reaction. Justify your answer.(b) One of the diagrams helow best represents the relationship between AG? and temperature for the reaction given in part (a). Assume that AH® and AS® are independent of temperature. AG AG AG Draw a circle around the correct graph. Explain why you chose that graph in terms of the relationship AG? = AHP - TAS. (©) A reaction mixture of N,O, and NO, is at equilibrium. Heat is added to the mixture while the mixture is maintained at constant pressure. (@) Explain why the concentration of NjO, decreases. (ii) The value of Ky at 25°C is 5.0% 10-?, Will the value of K,, at 100°C be greater than, less than, or ‘equal to this value? (@) Using the value of K., at 25°C given in part (c)\ii), predict whether the value of AH? is expected to be greater than, less than, or equal to the value of TAS?. Explain,