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The growth of both urban functions and the number of population who own and use motor
vehicles in their daily activities has increased the demand for vehicle parking spaces for all
categories of land uses. These growth, together with the increase in density and intensity of
developments such, as residential, industrial and commercial land uses, make the existing
parking guidelines and parking standards for all Malaysian cities obsolete. The actual demand
for parking spaces for a number of towns were surveyed and the results show that these towns
experienced acute shortage of parking spaces for certain categories of land uses, especially for
offices and commercial areas. The study recognizes the complexity of parking provision
because the demand for parking spaces very much depends on the level of economic
development of a particular town. The parking guidelines and parking standards proposed by
this study has included some new standards for certain types of land uses such as golf courses,
public libraries, hospitals, condominiums and town houses. Apart from proposing the increase in
parking provision for certain types of land use, the study also suggests the overall
improvements in parking guidelines and in parking provision. The concept of shared parking for
commercial and services land uses is expected to result in optimum utilisation of parking
spaces. Mechanical parking would be more suitable for older parts of the city, which are
normally characterised by the lack of space, as the system will relatively occupy smaller land
area to accommodate the same number of parking lots compared to conventional types of
parking systems. The new approach proposed by this study is the use of modal split model by
the local planning authority in assessing parking space requirement. On-street parking are
discouraged in most parts of the city, but a limited very short term parking should be allowed
only in certain areas. The provision of heavy vehicle parking spaces near residential and
industrial areas are expected to solve problems related to road safety and the environment.
Examples of layouts, lot sizes and the concept of landscape for parking areas are provided for
easy reference by the local authority. Parking facilities with special design for disabled are
included in the proposed guidelines and standards.
ABSTRAK