INTRODUCTION

• ROLE OF STATISTICS IN RESEARCH~

1. DESIGNING RESEARCH
2. ANALYZING THE DATA
3. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS THEREFROM.
• MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

 TELLS US ABOUT THE POINT ABOUT WHICH

ITEMS HAVE THE TENDNCY TO CLUSTER.

 REPRESNTATIVE FIGURE.
 MEANING
• Condensation of data into single value mostly
it is at centre.
• It carries important properties of data.
• It is also known as measures of location or
centre constant.

PROPERTIES
• RIGIDLY DEFINED
• BASED ON ALL OBSERVATIONS
• SHOULD LEND ITSELF FOR ALGEBRIC
TREATMENT
• SHOULD BE LEAST AFFECTED BY
FLUCTUATIONS
 EXPLANATION
“A SCIENTIFIC AND SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FOR
PERTINENT INFORMATION ON A SPECIFIC TOPIC.”
---C.R. KOTHARI
ART OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY HELPS TO
SUMMARIZE AND ANALYZE THE SURVEYED DATA.
ACCORDING TO G.C.BERI’S BUSINESS STATISTICS
BOOK
DESCRIPTION OF STATISTICAL DATA DEPENDS ON
1) NATURE OF THE DATA.
2) PURPOSE FOR WHICH IT HAS BEEN COLLECTED.
FOR EXAMPLE: MEAN CAN BE USED TO GET A BROAD
IDEA ABOUT THE PER CAPITA OF THE ENTIRE
NATION WHEN THE SURVEY HAS BEEN CONDUCTED
FOR A RESEARCH
AGAIN , AVERAGE CONSUMPTION OF TWO TEA ESTATES
OR ANY SAMPLE SIZE CAN BE FOUND OUT BY IT.
 APPLICATION
1. To understand period to period variation in sales -- i.e.,
differences between summer months and winter months,
Wednesdays vs Saturdays, etc.

2. To know the average in order to know which are above

and which are below and by how much.
3. To Useful for scheduling employees.

4. To understand advertising targets -- median income,

gender, location, etc.
5. To understand the output of manufacturing processes --
the amount of salt in samples of potato chips, the length
of nails produced by a nail making machine (they aren't
identical).

6. To the number of defects produced by the nail making

machine, the fill level of filling operations (packaging,
bottling, canning).
 DIFFERENT TOOLS
• MEAN~GEOMETRIC MEAN
~ARITHMETIC MEAN
~HARMONIC MEAN
~WEIGHTED MEAN
• MEDIAN
• QUARTILE
• MODE
 ADVANTAGES
• LEAST AFFECTED BY FLUCTUATIONS
(STABILITY).
• CAN BE APPLIED FOR BOTH
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITTATIVE
DATA.
• EASY TO UNDERSTAND.
• GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION IS
POSSIBLE.
• EMPIRICAL RELATION
• ~MEAN-MODE=3(MEAN-MEDIAN)