CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY II

CHAPTER 4
SUBSTRUCTURE
 4.2 Retaining Wall
 Is used to retain soil at slope which is greater than
it would be naturally assume, usually at vertical or
near vertical position
Design Principles
 Lateral pressures of retained soil & subsoil water
 To prevent overturning & sliding
 The wall is NOT overloaded with soil & materials
used is not over stressed
 Nature & type of soil, height of water table,
subsoil water movement, type of wall & material
used for wall
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)
Pressure & Stability
 Active earth pressure – move or overturn
 Passive earth pressure – resistance to movement
 Applied load (Active earth pressure) -
Soil & water pressure on the back of wall
 Induced load (Passive earth pressure) –
Ground pressure under the base
 Passive pressure at the toe & Friction underside
the base (to prevent sliding)
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)

Types of Retaining Wall:

Mass retaining wall
 Relying on their own mass together with the
friction on the underside of the base
 To overcome the tendency to slide or overturn
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)
Cantilever retaining wall
 RC structure that work on principles of
leverage
 A base with large heel that the mass of the
earth above can be added to the mass of the
wall for design purpose
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)
Counterfort retaining wall
 Reinforced or prestressed concrete structure
for height over 4.5m
 Triangular beams placed at suitable centres
behind the stem and above the base
 To enable the stem and base act as slabs
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)
‘Marley’ precast concrete retaining wall
 Advantage of reduction in time by
eliminating the curing period
 Eliminating the need for costly formwork
 Eliminating the need for erection &
dismantling of formwork
 4.2 Retaining Wall (Cont’d)
Precast concrete crib retaining wall
 Consists of framework or crib of precast
concrete which the soil is retained
 Subsoil drainage is NOT required since the
open face provides for adequate drainage