OVERVIEW OF LABOR HISTORY + 1780s - SKILLED CRAFTSMEN ORGANIZATIONS + UNTIL MID 1880s - ENGLISH CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY THEORY + 1842 -COMMONWEALTH VS HUNT (MASS) + 1869 - KNIGHTS OF LABOR FORMED + 1886 —- AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR (AFL) FORMED BY SAMUEL GOMPERS + 1894 -NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS (NAM) FORMED OVERVIEW OF LABOR HISTORY Il + 1914— CLAYTON ACT + WWI- AFL NO-STRIKE PLEDGE TO PRESIDENT WILSON + POST-WWI PERIOD + 1932 - NORRIS-LAGUARDIA ACT (PICKETING & OTHER ECONOMIC TACTICS OK) + 1933 -NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT RECOGNIZED RIGHTS OF WORKERS TO JOIN UNIONS —- NO ENFORCEMENT, LATER UNCONSTITUTIONALOVERVIEW OF LABOR HISTORY i + 1935— WAGNER ACT (NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT) + 1935— CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL UNIONS (CIO) FORMED BY JOHN L. LEWIS « EARLY 1940s - TREMENDOUS UNION GROWTH (35.5% OF NONFARM WORKFORCE BY 1945) + 1947-LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ACI (LRMA) AMENDED WAGNER ACT + 1955- AFL & CIO MERGED (GEORGE MEANY) OVERVIEW OF LABOR HISTORY IV + 1957-SENATE SELECT COMMITTER ON IMPROPER ACTIVITIES IN THE LABOR- MANAGEMENT FIELD (SENATOR MCCLELLAN) + 1959 - LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING & DISCLOSURE ACT (LMRDA) + 1960s - UNITED FARMWORKERS OF AMERICA (CAESAR CHAVEZ) + 1962 - EXECUTIVE ORDER 10988 ALLOWED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES TO JOIN UNIONS & BARGAIN COLLECTIVELYLMRDA (LANDRUM- GRIFFIN ACT) FURTHER AMENDED WAGNER ACT TRUSTEES IMPOSED ON LOCAL AFFILIATES BY NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL UNIONS WERE LIMITED TO A ONE-YEAR DURATION UNIONS REQUIRED TO FILE DETAILED ANNUAL STATEMENTS (L-M 2 AND L-M3 REPORTS) TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (PROTECT INTERNAL OPERATIONS OF UNIONS & CURB POSSIBILITY OF FRAUDULENT USE OF UNION FUNDS OVERVIEW OF LABOR HISTORY Vv MID-1970s — DOUBLE DIGIT INFLATION LED TO MASSIVE LAYOFFS (PRIVATE & PUBLIC SECTORS) 1975 — FIRST TIME THAT UNION DECERTIFICATION ELECTIONS EXCEEDED NUMBER OF CERTIFICATION ONES 1978 - CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ACT (CSRA) 1984 — NLRB v. BILDISCO AND BILDISCO (BANKRUPTCY A MEANS TO NULLIFY A UNION CONTRACT)TRIUMVIRATE LABOR LAWS + NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS (WAGNER) ACT (1935) + LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS (TAFT- HARTLEY) ACT (1947) +» LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE (LANDRUM-GRIFFIN) ACT (1959) MAIN SECTIONS OF A TYPICAL CONTRACT MANAGEMENT RIGHTS UNION SECURITY & AUTOMATIC DUES DEDUCTIONS GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES ARBITRATION OF GRIEVANCES DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES COMPENSATION RATES HOURS OF WORK AND OVERTIME BENEFITS (VACATION, HOLIDAYS, INSURANCE, PENSION) HEALTH & SAFETY PROVISIONS EMPLOYEE SECURITY SENIORITY PROVISIONS CONTRACT EXPIRATION DATEFUNCTIONS OF A MEDIATOR DETERMINE WHETHER AN IMPASSE EXISTS OR WHETHER THE PARTIES REALLY NEED ASSISTANCE IN BARGAINING ENHANCE, FACILITATE, & DIRECT COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES EDUCATE THE PARTIES ABOUT THE BARGAINING PROCESS CLARIFY THE ISSUES SUGGEST ALTERNATIVES THAT THE PARTIES MIGHT NOT HAVE DISCOVERED FOR RESOLVING DISPUTED ISSUES PURSUADE ONE OR BOTH PARTIES TO ADOPT A MORE REASONABLE POSITION FUNCTIONS OF A MEDIATOR II POINT OUT WEAKNESSES IN THE POSITION(s) TAKEN BY ONE OR BOTH PARTIES ASSIST THE PARTIES IN DEVELOPING A HABIT OF AGREEMENT IN AN EFFORT TO RESTORE MOMENTUM * TO NEGOTIATIONS PROVIDE ADVICE ON THE TIMING OF PROPOSALS AND COUNTERPROPOSALS FACILITATE CHANGES IN EXPECTATIONS ABOUT POSTURES AND OUTCOMES DEFLECT PERSONAL ATTACKS AND EMOTIONAL OUTBURSTS THAT HAVE A DETRIMENTAL AFFECT ON NEGOTIATIONS.FUNCTIONS OF A MEDIATOR III + USE “SUPPOSALS” TO EXPLORE AVENUES OR ACCOMMODATION (MEDIATOR’S OR ONE OF THE PARTIES IDEAS) + ACT AS A “SCAPEGOAT” FOR UNPOPULAR PROPOSALS IN SELLING THESE TO CONSTITUENTS ON EITHER SIDE OF THE TABLE + SPECULATE ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OR CONTIUING THE DISPUTE OR OF REFERRING IT TO ANOTHER IMPASSE