Structural Analysis (I)
Sheet No. (3)
Problems:
1- Two equal and opposite couples of magnitude M=25.0 kN.m are applied to the channel-
shaped beam AB. Observing that the couples causes the beam to bend in a horizontal
plane, determine the stress:
(a) at point C, (b) at point D, (c) at point E.
C D
M
B
Solution
Data:
M = 25.0 kN.m (the moment causes the beam to bend in a horizontal plan, i.e. MY)
Required:
The stresses at points C, D, and E
1- Properties of the section:
all dimensions are in m
Area = 0.030*0.120*2 + 0.040*0.120 = 0.012 m2 A1
وﻹﻳﺠ ﺎد ﻣﺮآ ﺰ ﺛﻘ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺠ ﺪ أن ﻟ ﻪ ﻣﺤ ﻮر ﺗﻤﺎﺛ ﻞ )ﻳﻘ ﺴﻢ
وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ،X اﻟﺸﻜﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ( وهﻮ ﻣﺤﻮر
وﻳ ﺘﻢ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺘﻘ ﺴﻴﻢ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ إﻟ ﻰ،Yﻓﺎﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب هﻮ إﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﺤﻮر
وأﺧ ﺬ ﻋ ﺰوم اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺣ ﻮل ﺧ ﻂ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻓ ﻰ، ﻣ ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت3
X
( )وﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر،اﻟﺸﻜﻞ A3
ﻋ ﺰوم ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺣ ﻮل ﺧ ﻂ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ = ﻋ ﺰم-
.اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻂ
A1*X1 + A2*X2 + A3*X3 = Atotal* X A2
(0.03*0.12*0.06)*2 + 0.04*0.12*0.02 = 0.012* X
Prepared by Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng. Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg. 1
)Structural Analysis (I
)Sheet No. (3
)X = 0.044 m …. (44 mm
أى أن ﻣﺤﻮر Yاﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻤﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر Xﻳﺒﻌﺪ 44ﻣﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺧ ﺮ ﺧ ﻂ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻴ ﺴﺎر
وهﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ).(Datum Line
ﺛﻢ ﻧﻌﻴﻦ اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ) (x,yﻣﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ آﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻳﻦ X,Y
For A1: x = 16, y = 75
A2: x = 16, y = -75
A3: x = -24, y = 0
To find Ix, Iy A1
I X = ∑ I X (of each element) + ∑ Area * Y 2
ﺣﻴ ﺚ IXﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻋﻨ ﺼﺮ )اﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت اﻟﺘ ﻰ
ﺗﻜ ﻮن اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ( = ﻃ ﻮل اﻟ ﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤ ﻮازى X
ﻟﻤﺤ ﻮر ×* Xﻃ ﻮل اﻟ ﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻮدى
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )أس .12 ÷ (3 A3
ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨ ﺼﺮ
× اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﺮآ ﺰ ﺛﻘ ﻞ اﻟﻌﻨ ﺼﺮ
إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر ،Xوهﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻹﺣ ﺪاﺛﻰ Y A2
ﻟﻤﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ.
I Y = ∑ I Y (of each element) + ∑ Area * X 2
Y
ﺣﻴﺚ IYﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ )اﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﻜ ﻮن اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ( = ﻃ ﻮل اﻟ ﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤ ﻮازى ﻟﻤﺤ ﻮر ×* Yﻃ ﻮل اﻟ ﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻮدى
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )أس 12 ÷ (3
ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ × اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر ،Yوهﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻤﺜ ﻞ اﻹﺣ ﺪاﺛﻰ
Xﻟﻤﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ.
⎛ 0.12 * 0.033 ⎞ 0.04 * 0.12 3
⎜⎜ = I X + (0.12 * 0.03) * 0.075 2 ⎟⎟ * 2 + + (0.04 * 0.12) * 0 2
⎝ 12 ⎠ 12
= 4.68 *10-5 m4.
⎛ 0.03 * 0.12 3 ⎞ 0.12 * 0.04 3
⎜⎜ = I Y + (0.03 * 0.12) * 0.016 2 ⎟⎟ * 2 + + (0.12 * 0.04) * 0.024 2
⎝ 12 ⎠ 12
= 1.388 * 10-5 m4.
The general equation of "Normal Stress" is:
± N MY M
=σ ± .X ± X .Y
A IY IX
Prepared by Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng. Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg. 2
)Structural Analysis (I
)Sheet No. (3
وﻳﻼﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻮة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع N=0وآﺬﻟﻚ .Mx = 0
MY
σ=± .X )………… (1
IY
ﻓﺎذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب هﻮ إﻳﺠﺎد اﻹﺟﻬﺎدات ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ ﻨﻘﻂ ،C, D, and Eﻓﺎﻧﻨ ﺎ ﻧﻌ ﻴﻦ اﺣ ﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آ ﻞ ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤ ﻮرﻳﻦ
اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻳﻦ X, Yاﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﺮان ﺑﻤﺮآﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ.
XC = -44.0, YC = 90.0
XD = 76.0, YD = 90.0
XE = -4.0, YE = 0.0
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ رﻗﻢ ) (1ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن إﺷﺎرة MYﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
)MX (-Ve
Y +Ve
)MY (-Ve
X -Ve X +Ve )MY (+Ve
Y -Ve
)MX (+Ve
25
σC = − −5
.(−0.044) = 79200.0 kN/m2 = 79200.0 kPa = 79.20 MPa.
1.388 *10
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ -1 :ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪات ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻘﻮة "اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﻦ" Newtonوﻳﺴﺎوى ) Kg.m/sec.2آﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام × ﻣﺘﺮ /ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(2
اﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ = 1000ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ .kN = 1000 N - :
2
-2ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪات ﻗﻴﺎس اﻹﺟﻬﺎد " Stressاﻟﺒﺎﺳﻜﺎل" وﻳﺴﺎوى )ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ /ﻣﺘﺮ (
Pascal = Newton / m2
kPa (Kilo Pascal) = kN / m2 = 1000 Pascal
MPa (Miga Pascal) = MN / m2 = 106 Pascal
25
σD = − −5
.(0.076) = -136800.0 kN / m2 = -136800.0 kPa = 136.80 MPa.
1.388 * 10
25
σE = − −5
.(−0.004) = 7200.0 kN / m2 = 7200.0 kPa = 7.20 MPa.
1.388 *10
Prepared by Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng. Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg. 3
Structural Analysis (I)
Sheet No. (3)
(Neutral Axis) ( ﻧﺮﺳﻢ أو ًﻻ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻌ ﺎدلNormal Stress Distribution) وﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻹﺟﻬﺎدات
.(1) ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ رﻗﻢσ = 0.0 وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ
MY
− .X = 0.0
IY
.IY = 1.388*10-5 وﻗﻴﻤﺔ،MY = 25.0 ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ
6
1.80*10 .X = 0.0
i.e. X = 0.0
.Y ( ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر0,0) وهﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ
Y
MY
X
+
-
N.A
واﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻰ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ، (D ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ رأس ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﺰم اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ
.(C ذﻳﻞ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﺰم اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ
2- Knowing that for the extruded beam shown , the allowable stress is 120.0 MPa in
tension and 150 MPa in compression, determine the largest bending moment M which may
be applied.
Prepared by Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng. Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg. 4
Structural Analysis (I)
Sheet No. (3)
3- Three wooden beams and two steel plates are securely bolted together to form the
composite member shown. Using the data given below, determine the largest permissible
bending moment when the composite member is bent about a horizontal axis.
Wood Steel
6
Modulus of Elasticity 2 x 10 psi 30 x 106 psi
Allowable Stress 2000 psi 22,000 psi
4- The 6 x 10 in timber beam has been strengthened by bolting to it the steel strap(s)
shown. The modulus of elasticity is 1.5 x 106 psi for the wood, and 30 x 106 psi for the
steel. Determine the maximum stress in (a) the wood, (b) the steel, when the beam is bent
about a horizontal axis with M = +250 kip.in.
5- The reinforced concrete beam shown is subjected to positive bending moment of 100
kip.ft. Knowing that the modulus of elasticity is 3.75 x 106 psi for the concrete and 30 x
106 psi for the steel, determine (a) the stress in the steel, (b) the maximum stress in
concrete.
6- Five metal strips, each of 10 x 30 mm cross section, are bonded together to form the
composite beam shown. The modulus of elasticity is 210 GPa for the steel, 105 GPa for the
brass, and 70 GPa for the aluminum. Knowing that the beam is bent a bout a horizontal
axis by couples of moment M = 1500 N.m, determine the maximum stress (a) in the steel,
(b) in the brass, (c) in the aluminum.
7- Determine the stress at points A and B, (a) for the loading shown, (b) if 40 kN loads are
applied at points 1 and 2 only.
8- Knowing that the allowable stress in section a-a is 12 ksi, determine the largest force P
which may be exerted by the press shown.
9- Knowing that the clamp has been tightened until P = 75 lb, determine (a) the stress at
point A, (b) the stress at point D, (c) the location of the neutral axis.
Prepared by Amr A. El-Sayed, Civil Eng. Dept., El-Minia Univ., Eg. 5
