Hypotheses

 Hypothesis is a tentative proposition

formulated for empirical testing.
 It is a tentative answer to a research
problem.
 It guides the research process in the
proper direction.
 It determines the type of analytical tools
to be used
 Types of hypotheses
 Descriptive hypotheses
 Relational hypotheses
 Casual hypotheses
 Working hypotheses
 Null hypotheses
Descriptive hypotheses
 These are propositions that describe the
characteristic such as size, form or
distribution of a variable
 The variable may be an object, person,
organization or event
Descriptive hypotheses

Some examples:

 Public enterprises are more amenable for centralized

planning
 The employee retention is very high in BPOs
 The software professionals are paid highly in the
companies.
Relational hypotheses
These are the propositions, which
describe the relationship between two
variables. The relationship suggested
may be having positive or negative
correlation.
Relational hypothesis
Some examples are:

 Families with higher income spend more for

entertainment
 Participative management promotes motivation
among executives
 Labor productivity decreases as working duration
increases.
 Upper - class people have few children than lower -
class people.
Casual hypotheses
Casual hypotheses state that change
one variable causes or leads to an
effect on another variable. The first
variable is called the independent
variable and the latter the dependent
variable.
Casual hypotheses

Some examples are:

 5% increase in price will leads to 10% loss in market

share for the product.
 10% increase in advertising expenditure will lead to
25% increase in sales
 The 25% increase in bonus this year will help to
reduce the employee turnover by 50%
Working hypotheses

While planning the study of a problem ,

hypotheses are formed . Initially they may not
very specific. In such cases, they are referred to
as working hypotheses which are subject to
modification as the investigation proceeds.
Null hypotheses

Null hypothesis are formulated for

testing statistical significance. they state
that there is no significance difference
exists between the parameter and the
static being compared to it.
Null hypotheses

Some examples are:

 There exists no significant difference between the

income of the respondents and the quantity of
purchase
 There exists no significant difference between the
age of the respondents and purchase of luxury flats.
 There exists no significant difference between size of
the family and purchase of instant coffee powder in
the market.