CEPrEI1

TAHEEB

Y4EHME 0 KAHOHE

nO.llrOTOBJlEHO

nE4ATI1

B. 6EJI5IEBbiM

rOCYll.APCTBEHHOE

11311.ATEJIbCTBO

\1. Y 3 hI K, A JI h H hI

11

C E K TOP

Mo C x s a -1929

C0
CORparn;eHIMI B TeRCTe H npa

.n E P }!{ A H VI E.
Cmp .
HOTHblX npaaepax . .••• .

npen;UCJIOBUe • . . • . . . •

VI . VII

YQEHI1E

KAHOHE.
ROHTpanYHlt'J'11Ii. RaHOHlI'IeCIOIM ..... • • • . . . . , .. 3

Bcrymeaae.

(IIpHMeHeHue

nomasororo

cjlopMaM)

, . . . . . . • .•

QACTb

LlEPBA-F1.
K a H 0 H:

2 - x - r 0 JI 0 C H hIll: OT,nJ!:.JIA.

2·x-rOJIOCHhlll: RaHOH 1-ro H 2-ro

J

paapaaa, IWHeq9

I'aasa I.
I'aaaa

2-x-rOJIOCHall

sanoaaseceaa 1-18)

HMHTal~uH. 2-x-rOJIOCnhlll:

HhIll: KaHOH. (§§

•.••••.......... nonararr).

11.

BeCKOHeQHhlll: RaHOH (otintae 2-x-rOJIOCHhIH aa rex jKe ItaHOH

(§§

19-23)

.21 no-

BeCKOUeQHblll: nropmomeioca xaaoa TparryHRTa. rJIaBI1

l-ro

paspaaa

C P-t:OlO,

crynenax

(C06C1'BCHHO 6CCKOHCQHhlH BCpTHKaJIhHO-nO)l,BJllKUOrO KOH,•,.,•••• 1-ro paspaaa C P-t'OIO, paapsna) 24

1-ro paapaxa).

Ilpaaeneaae
2-x-rOJIOCHhIH Jlpyrue

(§§

24-34)

....•.•. KaHOH B

ITT.

BeCKOHel.lHhlH

rrepeCTaBJISTeMOIOna cxoaauiea

cryneaa

BOCXO)l,STrn;CM JlJIH. HH-

(§§
I'JIaBa.

nopama

(RaHOHUl.IeCKaST CeKBeHI\HST 1-1'0

35-50)..

. . • . . . . . . . . . . ,.

.......,.
(paccroanaa pasrroBTopmOrn;CIOCST ua KaHOH ~ro

32

IV.
rex para).

BeCKOHeQHblll: 2-x-rOJIOCHhiH xauoa me cryneaax (c06cTBeHHo

2-1'0 paspaaa

MeJltJlY BCTyrrJIeHHSTMIIpa3JIHQHble) C P-t'OlO,

6eCIWHeQUblH

Ilpaxeaenae
,

rOpIlJOHTaJIbHO - rrO.ll;BI1·lKHoro ROHTpanyHKTa.

rllaBml~_ A.-1223.

_._.

THpalK ) 000 91{3, . KOllnaQHbIH nep.,

(§§ 5l-56).
I'aaaa

,
2-x-rOJIOCHhIH zpyrae KaHOH

46
c P-t'OlO,

1I0TOnelJaTHlI Fasa.

Mocxaa,

13. TeJI, 2-0J -77. 3al{.515.

V.

BeCKOHeQHhIH

2·L'o paapaaa

rrepeCTaBJISTeMOIOaa 2-1'0 pa3PJI)\a).

crvnean

(KaHOHllqeCKaST cesseauna

(§§ 57-68).

.......

. . . . . . . . 52

IV
qACTL
MHO

BTOPAB.
3-xH 4-x-rOJIOCHbIH 3-x -

v
OT,H.EJI C.
6eCKOae'lHblti BEe KaHOH K0

r 0 r 0 Jl 0 C H hI H K a H 0 H.

r.ro
lJ

II 2-1'0

paapaaa. AH
0

OT,H.EJ1 B.
3-xII 4-x-rOJiOCHblll 3-x KOHelJHblJ:i KaHOH 1-1'0 II 2-1'0

J.
paspaaa,
0

r 0 JI 0 CHI,I tt

II E

H hI

H.
13&

I'aasa

XI.
(§§

KaHoH 116-120)

MHororO,10CHLlfi •.•.•....•.....•••.•.•.••

6eCKOHe'lHbIH

(ooume

nO;RTJlR).

l.
1',laBa

I' 0 JI

CH

uH

K0

H E qH

uH

AH

H.
•

BeCKOHelJHblH

3-x-rOJIOCHbIH

VI. Mnororoaocuua
KOHetJHblH Hnll O,ll,HHaKOBbI (aa).

KaHOH

(oomae

rrOH.llTHR).

(§§

KaHOH 1-1'.0paspaaa co BTOPII'IJ-IblMJI BCTY19,o6c'fneHHo 6eCKOnelJHbIH KaHOH .KOHTpa' •.. BepTiiKa.rrbHo-rrop:nllJKHOrO

69-71)

61

nJIClIURMII f.-ro rrYHI(,Ta.

na rex

Jlte

crynenax

3-x-rOJlOCHbIH 'rparrYHKTa.

t§§

saaou: 1-1'0 paspaaa. PaCCTORHllR scrynaeIlpaaeaeaae BepTHKaJIbHO-rrO,ll,BHJKHOrO ROH'

• • • • . • • . . • . • . • • . 63 Liana COe11,HHeHJIR 3-x-rOJIOCHOM KOHetJB • . • • • . . • • • . . . •• • . . • • • • • • . • •

paspaaa).

npHMeHeHue

(§§

V
137

Ii}

]21-140)_

.....•••.••.•••.••

72) H

XII.

BeCIWHelJHblH 1-1'0

3- x·rOJIOCHbJU

xanoa
, .••

1-1'0 ' ..

paspara
' .•.•••...

co

BTOPMlJ- • /

Ilepnonasaasnue
HO~I Kanone.

npoaanonaue
73-76). •

HblMII nc'rYIIJIeHlUIMU

(§§

64

Il~H
I'aana XIII.

na apyrnx
14i-148).

crynenax

(KaHOHn'leCKaR

cexsea-

Y
153

pasprna). (§§

nOpR,lI,OB~rrHCaHnJI KaHona. K:raccmjlHlcalI;IlH

(§§
• • .

77-81)_

68.
73 '14

BeCKOHe'lHbIH

3-x·rOJIOCHbIll BCTYIIJlenllll

r('aHOH 2-ro

3-x-rOJIOCJlbIX . . . •

KOlIe<JnbIX • . • • . ,

KaHOHOB • . . . ,

1-1'0 • .

paapnaa,
• . •• • • • • • •

HeKOTOpl>Ie pacToRHIIR 30HTaJIbHO-rrOllBMJlmOrO

paanasusr).

(~§

paspaaa (nee lIJIH Jlpaxenenae ropnIUH •. co .•..••.•. B coe,QIIIIeHHH . •...•. BTOpH'lHLIMM 6eCKOHe<JHblJ:i

IVii
161

82-83)..

IWfI'rpanYHKTa

'l'ao;lMu;a

3-x-rOJlOCHbIX It Ta6JIHlI;e

lWHelJUhlX

IH11I0HOB 1-1'0 paSpRlI,a.. I(OHe'lHLIX KaHOHOB

C Bep'flmaJlbIIO-IIOP:BH.lICHbIM. 5eCKOHC'IHblH: MHOH 2-ro 3-x-!'OJIOCHbIH: IKe

(§§

o.mcro,
•

149-158), 2-1'0 ...••

06'IICHCHIIR pfl)l,a 1';raBt1

3-x-rOJIOCHLIX

1-ro

pas-

l('aHOH 154-164)

paapsna
,

(aa).

....•.•.•
KOHe'lHbl:H • . • • • . KaHOH • . • . . .

. . . . ..
1-1'0 . • •

. • . . . 77

BCTYUJleHHRMM Hd, 'rex

crjnenax

(c06CTBeHHO

VII.
uae).

3-x-rOJlOCHhlH

paapaaa
. •

(npozoaace• • . • • 79·

paapaaa). (§§

163

(§

34),

YnpaJKHeHHII

n
.

3-X-1'0JIOCHblX . . • • • • .

ROHe'lHbIX • • •

KaHOHax

1-1'0

paspaaa. 81 85-

I'aana XIV. 5ecKoHe'lUblll 3-X-rOJIOCHblH: IcaHOH 2-ro paapma na p:pyrHx cryneaax (KaHOIITIlJeCI\l111 cm(,BeHIWH 2-ro paspma). (§§165-,166). II.
4-

171

(§§

85-88,

,'1,OrrOJlIIHTeJlbHbIe npasaaa,

(§§

.89-91).

. .,
KOMIl0311TOPOB 3110XH CTpO• • . • . . •• . • . • •

x • l' 0 ,Il 0 C IlJ,I

na

~1 E C K 0 E
IKe

H E 11 H hI

tt

A Il

H.
174 188

s-x-rcaocaaa
[':lana

Ka.HOHU<JeCKall HMFlTaUHII

y
•

1'01'0 IUlCbMa.

(§§

I'aasa XV.
. 94

BeCKoHellHblfi

4-x-rOJlOCHhlH

92-96),.

nOBTOpflIOm;HMUclI KanOHll'IeCKa.ll

rex

VIII. noro

3-x-rOJIOCHhiH KOHTpanYHKTa.

lWHelJHbli'i

KaHOH

2-1'0

nCl'YIlJIeHUll

paamsnue (ab). Ilpnaeneaae (§§ 97-105). • ..•••••••.•.•.

0

.paspma. PaccToRHHR ropaaoaraasao-nomaa102

ceKBeHI~llJI

1-1'0

xanon 1-1'0 paspara C P.t.'aMM, crynenax. (§§ 167 - 184). • .••• paspana, (§§ 185-192) .•••••.•
KaHOH H KaHOHU'IeCKaH

r,'JaB1:t XVI.

BecKoHe<JHblll

4-x-rOJIOCHbIH

cex_ •• 193

nenuaa 2-1'0 pasprua co BTOPUttHWIH cryneaax. (§§ 19:1--194) .••...•.•..

BCTYUJIenH.llMH , •••.•••

aa

,l\pyrMx

II. 4 - x - r l'aaaa IX.

IlcTyrrJIeHUfi

JI 0 C II hI

OIl E 1J: H hI
l-ro ••

AH

H.

4-x·rOJlOCHblH

ROHe'lHhIH

.KaHOH •

paapaaa,
..•.••.•..•

PaCC'fO.llHHR 112

O.ll.lIHaKOBbI (aaa).

Ilpaxeaeaae

BepTHKaJlhHO-IlO,lI,BHJK-

nero

KOH1'parrYHKTa.

(§§

106-109).

KJIaCcIHjlllllaU;MH 4-x-rOJlOCHhIX ROH1e<JHbIX KaHOHOB 1· ro paspaza (§ 110).. • • • . . • . , . . . . • . • • . . • • • • • • • . . 117 YnpaJKHCHHH

(§ Ill)..

4-x-rOJIOCHhIX

KOHelJHbiX

KaHOHax

...........................
KOHelJHhlH: KaHOH 2-1'0 paapaza, BCTynJlellUll pa3JlHtJHbI. oxaoro, 112-115) ROHTparryHKTa Bce HJIII nexo-

1- ro paspma,

119-

I'aasa X.

~-x-rOJIOCHblH paccroaaaa

ropue

Ilpaxenenae
HJIH n

I'OPJI30H120

TaJIbHO·IlO)lBllJKHOrO

coep:HHeHJIll

C BepTHKaJIhHO-llOJl,BFlJKHLIM.

(§§

.•.••.••.••••

n P E .n H C JI 0
•

BI1 E.

COKPALl.\EH!II5I B TEKCTE

!II nPJII HOTHblX

nPJIIMEPAX.

G. D. P. "II.

,,)J;OJl.eltaXop.n:OH"

I'aapeaaa,

IIaJIeCTplIHa,

CO'lIlHeHIIIl.. IWH'rpanyrmT crpororo IJIICbMa".

1\,." -

" [10,l\BIIJKH0l1

C ony6JIMROBaHHeM "Y qeHMfl 0 RaHOHe" HOnBJIHeTC5IB CBeT BTOPOH RanHTaJIr.Hblti: TpyJl C. 11. Taaeesa, OTHOC51lll.Hifc51 00R JlaCTM I1CCJlelIOBaHl1flROHTpanyHRTa M ero npl1MeHeHl151B XylIOiHeCTBeHHbIX <PopMax nOJlI14JoHl1qeCROH MY3bIRM. Oria 3TH rpyna (nepsua 113 Hl1X HBJl51eTC5I, RaI{ scea M3BeCTHO, "I101IBM)I(HOH l<OHTpanyHRT CTpororo nacsua ") npe1I.CTaBJI5IIOT C060IO neotixo1Il1MOe lIOnOJIHeHMe lIpyl' I( npyry M MoryT paCCMaTpl1BaTbC5l HaR lIBe qaCTH OllHoro uenoro. "Y senae 0 RaHOHe" aBTopOM ero 6bTJIO BnOJIHe 3aROHqeHO M xac'ra-rao nepenncaao aa Mallll1HRe lIJI5I M311aHl1H.Bees TPYll COCTOHTH3 urecrn OTlleJIbHbIX rerpanea, nOMeqeHHbIX 6YRBaMH A, B, C, D, E, F M naorna 3aRMOqalOmHX B ce6e HYMepalU110 naparpaqioa, Ra)l(lIbIti: pa3 navaaaromytocn C ellHHHUbI, aaorna )He 6e3 3TOti: ayxepauaa, HO C YRa3aHMeM aasana xaxrnoro naparpaqia. CJIe.n;Y5Ioripasny, llaHHOMY B "OOllBH)I(HOM ROHTpanYHRTe crpororo nacsua", H npMH5IJIcMcTeMY nOCJIelIOBaTeJ1bHoti:ayxepaUHM naparparpoa llJ151acero 'rpyna C. 11. Taaeesa M snec enaaooripaaae B 3arJIaBH51 OTlleJIbHbIX ero xacrea. B 60JIblllMHCTBe auureynousayrtax rerpaneji, nepBOHaqaJIbHO COCTaBJIHBllIl1X "Y senae 0 RaHOHe" (aexoropue H3 Hl1X cymecraytor B HeCROJIbHHX sapaaarax), OTCYTcTBOBaJIHHOTHbIe npnuepsr, aanacaanue C. 11. TaHeeBbIM B OTlleJIbHbIX HOTHbIX rerpannx, qaCTO 3aRJlIOsaroumx B ce6e HOTHbIe npHMephI, surmcaaasre HM llJI5I npyr ax uenejt M B qaCTHOCTMllJIfl ueneii npenonasaaas. 11 caxojl TPYllHOti: Moeti: pa60TO}i ORa3aJlOCh BOCCTaHOBJIeHMe3THX HOTHbIX npMMepoB na Te MeCTa, rue HM aanneacano 6b1Th. Eha pariora YCJTOmHI1JIaCb erne TeM OOCTOI1TeJIbCTBOM, qTO see qaCTM rpyna C. I1'. Taaeesa ORa3aJII1Cbpa::j_po3HeHHbIMM ero apxHBe. B oometi B CJIO)I(HOCTH see ne.no nOllrOTOBJIeHI1HR nesara "YqeHMfl 0 RaHOHe" 3aH5IJIO MeHH OROJIO y nsyx ner ynopaoti H RpOnOTJIMBoti:pa60TbI. )f{eJIa5I npencranarr, TPYll C. 11. Taaeesa B TOM sane, B xaROM OH asnuen 113non nepa ero aBTopa, H B TO me caxoe SpeM5I, BI111HHeOOXOllHMOCTb HeKOTophIX llonOJ1HeHMH, 51ace CBOH 110nOJIHeHMH :'IaRJIlOqMJI B npHMble Cl{06RH !WH 'roro, qTOObI OHH He CMelllHBaJIHCb c nOllJlMHHhIM TeRCTOM C. 11. Taaeeaa. I10JIararo, 'ITO B raxoa snne "YqeHHe 0 RaHOHe" 6YlleT HMeTb B OllHO

VIII
H TO )Re BpeM5I H BI11.1, nOllJH1HHOrO HCTOpULJeCROrOJl.ORYMeHTa, H BUll KaR "YLJeHife PYROBOJl.CTBa, npeJl.Ha3HaLJeHHOrO Jl.Jl5I npaRTl1LJeCROrO ~110)lBU)l{HOH ROHTpanYHRT CTpOrOrO 0 RaHOHe" npaaannezcar H rnny nacsxa", TaR H

ynorperineaaa.
JI1Y3bIRa:IbHO-HaYLJHbIX TPY)lOB, RJIa)lYUl,l1X O~HOBaHHe OpHrl1HaJIbHOH TeopmI RO~Tpa: nYHRTa, rrocrpoeuaoa aa OCHOBax JI1aTeMaTHRH. Be,l1l1LJallWI111 paUHOHaJIHCT cpena MY3bIRaJIbHblH COBJIeR C YLJeHH5I0 CTaBHJI ero acex MY3hIHaJIbHblX YLJeHhlX H reHlIaJIhHblH reoperax,

C 11. Tanees B STHX CBOHX rpynax xorrrpanymrre nOCJIe)lHHe nORpOBbJ MHCTHRI1,

8TO OOCT05lHe

BeRaMH T5IrOTeBWeH aan STOll 06JIaCTbJO TeOpl1H My3bIRH, H npenB 51CHbiX MaTeMaTHLJeCI{HX !fl0pJl1YJIax. B TeJIbCTBO nenaer o ROHTpanYHI<Te" 11 npaKTHLJeCROrO BnOJIHe COBpeMeHHbIM BhIXO.n:B CBeT .,Y.LJ_eHHH

aarny

anoxy,

Ho

HaI1Ja anoxa

rperiyer

TOJIbRO npaBHJIbHbIX

H TOLJHblX TeOpeTHLJeCHHX 1l0CTpOeHHH,._HO HX I1CllOJIb30BaHI151 11 I1X 1l0nYJI5IpH3aUI1I1,"

B
ero

STOM OTHOI1JeHHH .n:JI5I YLJeHH51 C. noxa HHLJerO, H sanaaeii R neny npncnocorineaae

H. Taaeena

He C.lleJIaHO

erne

6JIHJI(aHllII1X JIeT )lOJImHO 51Bl1TbCH npaRT11LJeCRoto 06YLJeHl15JTeOpHl'I "YqeHHe 1901 0 RaHOHe" nOJlYLJHJIO' (BCH HCcrpororo

IIIY3b1RH. 0611~ee caoe

Y4EHvtE

0 KAHOHE.

O¢OpMJleHHe Me)l{llY

B npOMemYTOR BpeMeHl1 CJle)lOBaTeJlbCRa51 paoora HO nOCJIe aroro nepene.naaa, ny6JIHRyeTc5I "VLJeH11e 0 no 1912

C. H.

11 1903 ronaan 'Taaeeaa B 06JlaCTH

ROHTpanYHRTa 06HHMaeT c060JO nepHO.rr. He MeHee LJeM B 25 JIeT), rona OHO no.n:BeprJIOCb 3HaLJHTeJlbHblM anna, B ROTOPOM OHO HblHe TOM, LJTO, 6Yllb )I(e OTa He TaR H OHO HMeJIO 6bI HO ace COMHeHH5I B noxa He nOJlYLJHJIO roro HeT HHI<aHoro H3.n:aHO caMHM

I).

RaHOHe"

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OROHLJaTeJlbHYIO

penaxnuio,

aBTopOM,

JIHLJaJlOCb6b1 OT aacroaniero' H3J10)l{eHH51. nonroroaxa

H3)laIlIIH

TOJlbHO B neransx, RaHOHe",

R H3)laHHIO

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ORa3aJlOCb )J.eJIOM HCRJIJOLJHTeJIbHO

80 BpeMH neLJaTaHI1H ee 3HaLJHTeJIbHaH qaCTb ee ROpnpOLJI1TaHa YLJeHI1ROM HbIHe npotpeccopoa

C. H. Taaeesa

HliROJIaeBblM,

J1eHlmrpaJl.CHOH

- 31. B. Tocynap-

CTBeHHOH KOHcepBaTopHH,

ROTOPOMY H a.iecs

CLJI1TaJO neotixo-

nHMbIM BbIpa3I1Tb CBOIO CeplleLJHYIO TOBaprnnecRYJO 6JIarOllapaocrs. TaRoH )f{e 6JIarOllapHocTbJO H 06513aH 11 C. C. I1onoBY, rop5lLJo nonnepacaamexy
l(

JI1eHHB MoeM naxepenaa

nOllrOTOBHTb

H311aHHJO"YLJeHHe 0 RaHOHe".

B
23. X. 1929.
MOCKBa.

11 TOp H

e JI H e B.

1) C acropaea 3TOti paooru >Ke,131Oli\l1eMoryT n03H3KOMHTbClI no crarse C. C. Flcnosa »HeH3JlaHHble CO'lHHeHHlI 11 patiors: C. M. Taaeesa", nOMeli\eHHOH B C60pHHKe »c. M. Tauees". MOCKB3. 1925. MY3ceKTop fOcH3)t3Ta.

BeT y
(TIpHMeHeHHe nOnBIUI(HOrO

II JI

H II

e.
R RaHOHHlJeCl{HM

ROHTpanYHRTa

<popMaM) .

..

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napaJIJIeJIbHO C OOll1,HM OrpaHHqHBaTbC5J a [HYJRHO]

He cnenyer

aenocpencraeuao nOJIb30BaThCfl

OTHOCHll1,HMHCfl crena BCHl{HM cnysaex, rne

aanasaua, OblTh

MomeT

npHMeHeHO

TO, 'ITO yqall1,HMC5J nponneao XO,n;I1TC5I JIH, Haap.,

no CJIO)I(HOMY l{OHTpanYHl{TY. aa xopan cnenyer

Flpo-

HMHTaUHfl

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B HeH

CJ]OJRHbIH ROHTpa-

TIPM H3yqeHMM <pyrl1 nOCTOflHHO 51BJ]5JeTCH B03MOJRHOCTb no,n;BM)l(HbIM ROHTpanYHRTOM crper'rax B TeMe H npOTHaroro

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H T. n.

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HaXO.lI.HT 00-

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Y npaxoreaas

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H 'roro,

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13 COCTOflHMH J]HWb nYHl{TY,

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M JlerROCTblO, nO'lTM HHCTMHI(THBHO, paaaooopaaaux B03MOJRHOCTb yrienparrravecxoe ero npMpaOOTbI, OblJIH

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5
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n03HTopCROH TeXHI1RIL fIonOOHO

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mars

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H YCOBepilleCTBOBaHI15I caoeti xacrt, caoero BpeMeHI1 nOCBHTaK H nJl5I MOJlOnblX ROMno-

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(~o),

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§ 3. Ilpnsenea
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p5IJl. npHMepoB

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12

13 § 6. B npaxepe
.M5.

§ 7. B
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3-M

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cnenyiornero

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aano

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CJIyqaH

BCTynJIeHI1S1 YMeHbllleHHOH

KBI1HTbl sa I-M CI1J1b-

:HOM BpeMeHI1 .

.M7.

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§ 8. B npenurecrayromax rrpl1MepaX paCCTOSlHl1e sc'rynneR paBHSlJlOCb HJII1 TaRTY, I1JII1 nonyrarrry. B cnenytomex !fTpl1Mepe OHO paBHSleTcSI xersepra TaRTa.

R,

P. XIV, 28. TaRJJ{e He o'rneneaaaa nayaoti, HMeeT nepsyio HOTY ynnnnnarensOTnJISl' ueJIYIO-BMeCTO HOTbI He rrOJlYHOTbI.

HeHHOIO: HOCTH

3to

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II ITon06Ha51
, )KHee

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d10JIYTopa TaI\TY, BO BTOpOM--nBYM TaI<TaM •

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XV

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:

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(G. D. 266)

--

-----,;----0-

Joannes Mouton.
(0.D.255).

rr

14

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(G. D.25S).

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II.

naJIbHeHUme

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JleHHhle nepexpemaaaaas

16 WIf'H 111 B npHMY, De BXOJlHlIleH B cocraa nostra Doinina serupexronocaoro

17
Miserere MeeCbI /KocKHHa. I1PHBOJlHM 3TOT He-

/WJlbUJOH HOMep ueJIHKOM.

;N;20.
P. XIII,!7.

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i~

Josquin
(G.D.359).

•
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PXIII,"

P. XII,5<l.

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.Josquin
(Pub!. IV)

3aRJIIO'leHHhIX B CO'lHHeHH51X BeJIHQaHIDHX Ma-

cTepo~KoATpanYHKTa. CKOJl'bKO' 3HalJH'reJIbHa, MHor'orOJIOCHo):"O .R· HX

Torna
pO~b

TOJIbKO neJIaeTCH

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16.

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RaHOHe

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BI+C,

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n.),

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MeHeHH51 BepTHRaJIbHO-nO.IIBH}KHOrO KOHTpanYHKTa. eTCH He CJIe.IICTBHeM roro CJIyqaHHOrO

11

3'1'0 HBJIH'ITO

BaaHMHaH CBH3bKOTOPhlX

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CTOPOHhI 3TOM TeXHHKH OCTaIOTC5I HenOH5ITHhlMH. §

IS. Cnocori
H

06YCJlOBJIHBaeTCH caMOIO <pOPMOIOxaKaHOHbI

nHcaHHH

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COCTOHT B CJIenYlOlUeM. UJIeHHH R-t'bI

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nepenecs

OT.IIeJI B nOCJIe.IIHIOIO, npO.IIOJI-

KOHTpanyHKTa.

2*

20

21

§ 17.
nYHRTa, ero

YTBepmJIa5l,

qTO 2-X-rOJIOCHble

xoaexasre

RaHOHbI He xoarpaR a JOT

JlpyrHx

Meccax

DaJI€CTpHHbI

I<aHOH B conpoaonoreaaa

C130-

T p eo Y JOT MbI

npHMeHeHH5I He XOTHM

BepTHRaJIbHO - nOJIBHmHOro CKa3aTb, qTO OHH H e n 0 nyc

UOJlHbIX rOJIOCOB Hepe.il.RO BCTpeQaeTC5I B 3aKJIJOQHTeJIbHOMHOMepe tertia MeCCbI: B Agnus TOMe H Dei. (CM. Missa brevis B

XII

TOMe, Missa

npHMeHeHH5J. 'uByxrOJIOCHaR CJIyqaH: JIByxrOJIOCHOrO

RaHOHHQeCRa51HMHTaUHR, RaK KOHTpanYHKTa, CJIO)l{Horo MomeT OhlTh

XIII

npos.).

qaCTHbIH:

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ROHTpanYHKTa. H3

Pe-:

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nOJIyqHTh

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rnABA II.
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T p e 0 0 BaT h MapKCY

RaT b -

Bep05lTHO

nonano

§ 19. B

oeCI{QHeqHO~ K HaqaJIY H

KaHOHe erne

P,
pa3

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3TH

nOBTOpeHH5I MbI 6YJIeM B HOTHhlX 3HaKOM o » a nOBTO-

(Kompositionslehre),
aoro 6eCKOHeqHOrO n 0 Jl iK e H RaHOH He

Mexciy
OblTb

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"P

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OKTaBbI, XOT5I BC5IKHH:2-X-rOJIOCHblii

~-;24_

BO B C 51 0 M CJIOmHOM ROHTpanYHKTe. K

§ 18.
Cantus

2·x-rOJIOCHblH: ROHeqHblH: RaHOH nepenxo

nrpaer Mecca

pOJIb

firmus'a

B MHOrOrOJIOCHbIX COQHHeHH5IX. TaR os meum

Ila7, 6,
:3T0H: POJIh

(cp .....
, P.XIV, 2).

JIeCTpHHbJ: Repleatur COQHHeHHH, CTp. 105) HbiX 5,

(XII
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aatonouaer

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KaHOHaM11 B HHTepBaJIbl: Dei Dei

4,

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6hlBlllero MomHO

yme
6bI

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23

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20

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rrbCJJ~JiHMe~~?: ' "

'f!tpe-

qHCJIeHH;E¥X npI131'!<l,l{.oB, .xapaKTepH3YIOIU.HX B~HcrBa'

:

n.aHHb~H,I\aHq~:;pq,

paCCT051HFlri. ~cTyrr~eHH5I;'.
,.'
'.

',-

,..

'

'.-'_

9;K,~:Ma::paCCTQjllm)l: P R

BCTYllJI.EllIH.SI uP

=::;' a:=:~:r:'
.N! 28: '"
\J'

HHmHHM

•...

MbI HHHX B

OCTaHaBJII1BaeMCH xaaona,

na

3THX 'ITO

CXeMaTHQeCKHX

asotipaxcea)

¢OpMbI

noroay

C rrOMOIUbIO I1X, oc06eHHO ,lI.0 qpe3BblqaHHOCTH KaHOH )lOJImeH

OTHOIlleHHH

MHOrOrOJIOCHblX

KaHOHOB, no

I
b)

uP

ynpoluaeTC5J 6blTb

OTbICKHBaHl1e

npaBHJI,

IWTOPbIM

~
P KaHOH
R

~
"P
TaK H a-ro a) paspana aa

HalH!CaH.

\"

I
,

22.

3aBHCHMOCTH o6a

OT

Toro,

CXO)lHbl

HJJH

paannsuu
2-X-

M€;)I(')lY C06010 roxocnue

paCCT05lHH5I

BCTynJIeHI15J, 6eCKOHeQHhte naa 'paspsna.

§
Tex

23.

neCKOHeQHhlH CJIe)lYIOIllee

KaR r-ro,

RaHOHbI neJIfl1'CH aa exO,IlHbIMH,

KaHOHhl;HMeIoIuI1e

nonycxaer me

nonpaaneneaae: KaHoH

rrOBTOp5leTC5I

o6a ipaCCTOHHHH

KaK. Mhl: 31'0 - yBH)l:HM i(aiIee,

-npaaanneacar K I-MY paapsny ii, nli:rnYTC5l' rio- npaBHJIin.i: Sep1'I1KaJibflo'

cTyneHHx_;._6eCKOHeQHblH

B co6cTBeHHo)M rrpHMep"hI,b)

CMhlCJIe,

l{ROTOPOMY'

6"Pi-IOCH',fC5J -ace :-n:peJihl,ll.ywHe

P,

a-sa

24 aejo H R, npH l{amLlOM nOBTopeHHH nepeCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI aa onpeneneaaoe ql1CJIO cryneaea BBepx HJIH BHH3, BCJIeJlCTBl1e sero oripasyerca I{ a H 0 H H q e C I{ a SI C e I{ B e HUH H, xax nanp.: CTOHHHSIBCTynJIeHI1H OJlI1HaI{OBhl. TalHIM LlRM BIIOCJIeLlCTBI1H, 3-x-rOJIOCHhlH pa3pSlLlaCOCTOHT 113 rpex 06pa30M, xax Mhl YBH-

6eCKOHe~HblH

l{aHOH

nepsoro-

OTJleJIOB, 4-x·rOJIOCHhlH cxeasr

H3 4'X H T.

n.

8) K8HOHH'leCKalicexaennaa l-ro paspsna:

§ 25.

113 npenunyruen

BHLlHO, qTO B KaHOHe BCTpeH

N!29.

P.XII,32.

~~e.r IF r rrrl~~-~rJlr+-~r)~rir~; IF
_ ~ ~.

saerca

nsa

Oll.HOBpeMeHHbIX coeLlHHeHHSI OTLleJIOB A

B:

."'.jl.

A,
M

9,

b) K8HOKH'IeCKali cexaesuaa 2-ro paspana:

f1PH

IIOHBJIeHHH B l{aHOHaX nonoriaux

nOBTOpeHI1H COBnaCXOLlHblMH JIHTe· l{aJ{

lI.a1011UIXMeiHlI.Y C06010 paMH, cxenyer rrepsoaasansaoe, B sepes npyraa npH nOCJleLlHeM npaxepe 2 C nOJIOBHHOH TaKTa. nepBae

O1'lI.eJJOB, 03HaqaeMbIX

113 3TI1X COell.HHeHHH paccaarpnea'n, me, xax ero

noaropenae

npOH3BOll.HOe H, eCJIH

11

B03BpamaIOTC5I npH ua

H HaqaJIY ra H

nOBTOpeHl1H HeCI{OJIhI{O, LlJIH xaamoro B COCTaB xasrnoro JlHH nenpexeano xaaoaa 31'0 ecrr, nepaonasaasnoro LlOJliHHa BXOLlHTh

HaHTH CBOH Iv. TIPH 3TOM nayxronocnoro coenaaerOJIOCOB· rax nax H3 scex

TI03TOMY TaHTa pa3,

nOBTopeHHH npyrae

CLlBHHyThI C Oll.HHX sacrea

H TOJIhHO

P,

nOSlBJleHHH CBoeM B TpeTHH

xepea

TaHTOB, MeJIOll.HH

eLlHHCTBeHHblH, 1{0TOPblH COQI1HSleTC5I, CTaJIbO T. e.

npHXOLlHTCSI aa Tex

)!{e qaCTSlX, 'ITO H B aasane. H3JIOmeHH1O IIpaBHJI, 110 KOTOPblM nauryrca

Hble )!{e roaoca, f103TOMY nacaa, ace

,,P

5IBJlH1OTCH JIHUlh ero

nOBTOpeHHeM •.

Ilepexonax

YCJIOBHSI, no 6b1Th

1{0TOPblM l{aHOH LlOJIffi.eH 6b1Th aaTOJIhl{O no oTHorueHH1O I{ Ta-·

auurerroaaeaoeaaaue

BHLlbl 2-X-rOJIOCHorO·KaHOHa.

MoryT

nOCTaBJIeHhI

I{OMY coeLlHHeHH1O, B KOTOPOM HenpeMeHHO ysacrayer

P. B C 51H3 06a a

&eC.HOH8'1HbIM 2-x-rOJlOCHbIM HaHOH 1-ro pllOw.elOCH H8 T8X )f(e crmesax t-rn paspHAa). npMMeHeHKe

pa3pRAa

C P-t'OIO, nOBTOKaHOH

It 0 e

)!{e

C 0 e n H H e H Her HH 0 Ll H H TO, He

0 JI 0 COB

H JI HOT

lI. e JI 0 B,

(COfiCTS8HHO 6eCHOHe'lHblii

K 0 TOp

bI X

C 0 q H H SIeTC SI .B HOB h, paHee q T 0 6 bI 6b1JIO x ax I{ a H 0 H Y)I{e Han

SepTMHaJlbHO - nOABMJKHOrO HOHTpanYHHTa.

BocnpOH3BotI.5IT HeHO, lI.OJI)!{HO C 0 e n H H e H H e.

qTO

COqHH c a r l>-

paCCMaTpHBaTh

n p o a aaon a o e

1l JI SI

r 0 r 0,

24.

TaH

HaH B

6eCHOHeQHOM HaHOHe r-ro

pa3pSlLla pacH

n p a B H JI h H 0, H Y il{ H 0 H a H l' H K 3 l' 0 M Y n P 0 113BOLl HOM Y n e p B 0 H a q a JI h Hoe, .0 T BeT C T B Y 10 ui Hey n yH KTa. BepHeMCSI I{ auurenpaaenenaoit cxexe. I1Tal{, npHMeM nep(A, K

CT.OHHHe Me)!{lI.Y OTJleJlOB raaoro

liP

Tome,

'ITO

MemLlY

R,

TO qI1C:IO 3TO

It 0 r 0 P 0 My

n pH M e H H T h

C0-

HaHOHa

paBHSleTCSI qHC.lJY rOJIOCOB, xax OTlI.eJIOB:

C JI 0 B 11H

n 0 JI. B H )!{ H 0 r 0

Ii 0 H T P a-

BHJlHO H3 CJIell.Y1OIUeH cxeMhl

rA,
A

soe

COell.HHeHHe OTLleJIOB A HX

HB

aa nepBOHaqaJIhHOe aa npoaaeoauoe.

+B).
LlByX

\ a sropoe

COell.HHeHHe (A+B,)

Ha30SeMl

~B

B1].

AJ
Y
KOTOPhlX see pac-

t HHTBepBaJI
Kax
cyMMe

BCTynJIeHHSI 6Yl{B01O m H o'rurnex

Iv.

H3BeCTHO

(f1. K. § 27), Iv
Me)!{LlY c06010

paBH5Ie1'C5IaJ1re6paHqeCIWK

nepeJl.BH)I{eHHSI LlByX

rOJIOCOB (B LlaHHOM cJ!yqae IIepBOHaqaJIhHOe

!{

CKa3aHHpe KaHOHaM I oro

OTHOCHTCSI H paspsna,

K MHOrOrOJIOCHhlM 6eCKOHeQHhl14

O1'LleJIOB). CpaBHHB Hoe coeLlHHeHH5I

H npOH3BOLlHX

T. e. K KaHOHaM,

no

oTHorueHH1O

nepeLlBH)!{eHH1O 060HX

o'tJteJIOB

YBH.D.HM, 'ITO

01',n,e.rr nepeHeceH

A"
B

OhIBlllHH M

B nepsoaaxansaoa

.coe.D.HHeHMM

asepxy,

npoH3Bo~HOM

-aa

9HI13..

T. e. nepeIlBHHYJICH"Ha
':_""""

-ro.
.

TOtraotaIOI{e

ornen

B nep~.D.BI1~

1:1jFft:;d; t:t: tirl:::]

A B

CJIO)lUIB 3TM .D.Ba KOJIH'IeCTBa, 2-:x:-tOJI()CHhIXOeCKOHeqHbIXKaaOHOB

nOJIY'IaeM I-H

061I1YIO

4>OpMyJIY a MMeHHo

Iv,' YCJIOSmIM xo ropcro .D.OJI)f(HO Y.D.Ocoenaaeane: AI B JlJIH Taro, "ITOOhI 'KaaOH'BhlllleJI npasansaua. §, 26. -Ha OCHOBaHMM 4>OpMyJIbI Iv = -2m, .D.JIHKaHOHa B'OIrrasy(m' 7)tpeoyeTcH Iv=--q. (=.D.BOHHOH KOHTPa'nYHR'T oKTaBbI);.D.Jiff aaaona B HOHY '(m = 8) 'I'pe6yeTcH hi·" ' :__16 (= IlBOHHOH" 'KoHtpanYHKTJleU"MbI);' .D.JIH KaHOHa "B .D.eIl-liMY {in =9r rpeoyereaIv ='--18 (=.D.BOHHOH KOHTP~lnYHKTllYO.D.e·
dTO

I~

== ~'2ro:'

rpyrmu,

ecrs

TOT

~JIeTBOp5lTbnepBOHa'laJIbHOe

..

C;J:t;JrrC
A

HMMbl) H'T . .D..IIepelJi1CJIeHHhIe .Jl..olit<tS.Y;HOHY HaH6bJIee KaaOHhI

TpM nana oeCKOHe'lHOl'O TaHHM o6pa30M

itaHOH.ac..:....

'u-.uer.(HMY-TpeoYIOT

opHMeaeHIHI

ynorpetirrrem.aux Horo 'koarpanyaxra oKTaBhI,

3TH npHronHhlMH oo.iIenaei:'C5I 'leHlI.S! '. BepnlKaJIbHO ;T~XKaHOHOS TepSaJi paCT05IHlUIMe)l{,Z{Y

9 M - II, T. e. naoHneUHMhl M nyoneuaau, ''ITOneJIaeT nJIH ynpaacaeaaa B caJ\{OM HaQaJleJ:I,3):KOHTpanYHKTa. npeneJIOM CO'lHHeHHe HaHOOJIbI1lerO TeM, 'ITO

IIv:~7,~

§ 28.
MeHeHI1H

- nOnSH)I{HOrO

rOJIOCaMM CJIY)I{aT He 7 >-, 9 >-, iI II >-, a "Haa oKTaBYOOJIhllle: 14 >-, 16 >- 11 18 >-. BCJIeJlCTBHe aroro B xanoue ( /I 7) § 13 M B HaHOHe (--""'7) § 19 ronoca xorna: oeCnpen5ITCTSeHHo OTO~BMraThC51 GIlHH OT npyroro aa J{eUMMY· HeHM~

!~·:·~=:~:CImt
.
,

M.~~4. ynoTpeOHTeJIbHhIX'

[1pMBeJleM

TpM

-npaxepa

KatlOHOB,

Tpet5)TIouiI1X

npH-

IIv. .:

§ 27. IIpMBe)leM npaaepu auureynoaaayrux -Ilv.

M3l.

RaHoHPB,

~:=.
TpeoYIOlIll1X

npaae-

29

.M35.

' '·'$1:;/: ~T}Urr:t=1rr:J1:%1

I A" II

H, panee
a

Hoe,
[B

6blBllIee rrpoaaaonasrx, 06paTHTC5I B nepsonasansnpearaee nepaoaasaasnoe - B npOH3BOnHoe, RaK aanp., KaHOHe ;M 35, HalJaTOM Tenepb (npaa . .NQ 37) HHmHHM ro-

JIOCOM):

.B

M37.

[I1JIH B

coxpaureaaox
e

BHne:]

ly\Eh!t~ "

I"

rrr rrrrW
§

JJJ r :11
ace paccaorpeaaue snecs KaHOHbl aarracaau npH nepecraaoaxoio n pOT H Bon 0 JI 0 }l{ H 010, TO, aasas KaHOH Jl.pyrHM: rOJIOCOM, T. e. CneJIaB 3aMeHY nepSOHatIaJIbHOrO coenaHeHH5I npOH3BonHhIM, MbI He naecex aaxaxoro H3MeHeHH5I B Iv {IT. K. § 44). § 31. ECJIH B351Thm 0, T. e. BCTynHTh C R-t'oti B npHMy, TO H Iv raroxe 6yneT paBeH HyJIIO, T. e. rrepaoaasansnoe coeTaR KaK

Iv

I::: r~l:r:::::'r un·- ~~:::-~~ 1::rrn

_ ~ .Jit
§.
tIT06bI 29.

.naaeaae

nano

nacars

B npOCTOM KOHTpanYHRTe H OHO 6yneT RaK uanp.:

TomneCTBeHHO C npOH3BonHbIM,

=~~-.
MomeT

8--

.N; 38. Josquin

~~J=~~ ~ ....__.no zm .n;aHHoMY

Banava

6bITh

ofiparnoro:
KaK

Iv
TO,

(0. D. 204)

HaitTH HHTepSaJI

BCTynJIeHH5I. TaK

Iv = -

(§ 25),

nOJIytIHTh HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHH5I, HY}I{HO naHHbIH

Iv

pa3-

C:'~;:;r:JiAk: r:t;
I
A

JIB

neJIHTh na 2. Pa3YMeeTC5I, tITO 3TO HLiM tIHCJJaM.ECJIH me HOft ero senaaeae qeTHOe JIytIHBllIeeC5I tITO HymHo niero aroro

npHMeHHMO TOJIbRO R serTO R a6COJIIOTH noBrumel

(G. D.308)

Iv

ecri,

qHCJIO nexeraoe, npHJIOmHTb aa 2.

cnenyer

7 (IT. K. § 47)

qHCJIO paanenars

ITpennOJIO}I{HM,. ITOJIOBHH2l

HaHTH HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHHH nJI5I KaHOHa, rpeoyio-

Iv

== -

13.

ITpHJJOmHB

l\

13,
snecs

nOJIYQHM 20.

qHCJIa H ecrs HCKOlrlbIH HHTepBaJI: m CKa3aHHoe

= 10,

T. e. R nOJImHa

BCTynHTh B yaneuaay,

OTHOCHTCSlK

IIv,

HMelO-

mHM nepeCTaHOBKY npOTHBOnOJIO}I(HYIO, KaHHMH MbI no CHX nop· nOJIh30BaJIHCb B npHMeHeHHH K oeCKOHeqHhlM KaHOHaM.

B 060llX THM pa3HHUy R

npHMepax

coenllHeHlle aa Tex npocroro

A,_B,6YKBaJIbHO

BocnpoOTMeB 2-Xero

lf3BOnHT coenaaeane [,OJIOCHblX KOHelJHbIX

A,+B

me

caxsrx

cTyneH5IX.

§ 30.
neauux

ne3pa3JIHQHO,

KOTOPbIM H3 pa3p5lna.

nsyx

rOJIOCOB aasars. H3 BhlllIenpHseP-t'bI OTneJIOB

B npHMeHeHHH rerreps

KOHTpanYHKTa

6eCI(OHeQHblH KaHOH r-ro KaHOHOB aasars 8351Th npemHlO1O

ECJlH onaa

KaHOHax

(§ 16)

H B npHMeHeHHH

.n;pyrHM rOJIOCOM,T. e. B xasecrae H

paccaarpaaaeaux

6eCROHeqHblM. TaM nOTOMY, 'ITO caaaa

KaHOH mnnercn

Rvt'y

uaotiopcr,

TO coenaneaae

B npocrox

xoarparryaare

<popMa ROHetIHOrO

RaHOHa He ayamaercs

B npHMeHeHHH CJIOmHOrO ROHTpanYHKTa.

30 3,l1.eCb rrpll~HeHlle Hpr;<? KaHaJia,H rraCJIe,l1.Hera~peoyeTcfl<jlopMalO oecmaael.JCJIHIlIRaM I<aHOHe;B Y.!l.aJIHTh ro.noca I<BHHTy (Iv,=-8) l.JeMI-Ia O.!l.HH o,TJlpyroro., HeJIh3H ~bIJIO Ta«, 6I:>InpHOJl~3f!Th

3];
Han'p.,_,np~

npocrolt 'l{aHTPflnYf1,H,T HBJIHeTCfl JIHillb l.JaCTHbll\i c4y~l}eM cnoaororo vscxencraae Iv = o. Ilpa H3yqeHHU MHararaJIOCHblX RaHaHaB HaM' neonaoxpartro npH.!I.eTCH npaoerari, R Iv = a, ceonnmexy aeprasaasuo-nonaaacaoa xonrpanyaxr R rrpacTaMY H 3THM orinervatouteay nncaaae xauoaa. § 32. OT RaHOHOB B npHMy rtepeanex R npo-rax RaHaHaM c rrpHMait nepecraaosxoa. 3.!1.eCb, RaR H B npenurecrayiourax xaaouax, MhI oy.ueM P H R pacnpeneaars no. raJIOCaM ca06pa3HO HX aTHOCHTeJIbHait sucore, noaeman aa aepxaea crpoxe TY H3 HH.X,. ROTopaH. cpaBHHTeJIbHa asnue. HaM H3BecTHa, l.JTa orpHuaTe:1IbHhlit Iv naer nepecraaosxy npHMYIO B TaM CJIYl.Jae. e,CJIH B nepBOHal.JaJIbHOM coenaaeaau aTCYTCTBYIOT HHTepBaJIbl xeasurae, l.J~M a6<;;aJIIOTHafl BeJIHl.JHHa noxaaareas, xoropas H

ro-

noca

noay. DPH HeqeTHhIX I1v:-- ---:1,:---,3 ,H - S HeJIb351, BOBce nanncari, I<aHaH~ C np5IMOH 'nepecraaosxof -. " : § 33. ECJIR RaHaH, aanacaauua ~PH, orpauareasaoa . Iv
6oJlee, C npflMoit P-t'y nepeCTaHaBI<OH, R-t'y H ,aa060pOT, HaqaTh.!l.pyrHM rOJIoc9M, npHHHB

sa

TO 13 I1ePBOHa~a~,bHQM nOJIYl.JaTCH I<aHOH BepXHHM

COe.!l.HHeHHH

(~blBilleM HWl'epBaJlbl.

npexrne npoaaaonaux)
Hal.JHeM

orpanarensauerOJIaCOM:

npenunymaa

= I, T. e. RaHOH scexyany. ITa <jlapMyJIe § 2s-ra, B aTOM R<lHOHe Iv = - 2. Tepuna HBJIfleTCfl TaRHM a6pa30M rrpenenoss
MeM

CJIymHT

npe.ueJIaM

CO JI H m e H H 51.

rOJIaCaB

(D.

K. §

38). , B03b-

rn

C6JIHmeHHH npHMyIO,

raJIaCOB,

.!I.JIHTaro)

qTOObl

nOJIYl.JHTb rrepeCTaHOBRY

RaR

aanp.:

orpauarem.aue HHTepBaJIbl nepBOHal.Ja.nbHafa· C~eJl.Hcneztyer npHHHMaTb aa nonoaorreasnue Ii naca'rs vnoCJIe.!l.HHe rro npaBHJIaM Iv, Y xoroporo 3HaI< H3MeHeH aa rrpoTHBorro.na)f\HhIH. npHMeHHB :31'0. npaSHJIO I< npemuecrayiomeay I<aHaHY H rrpHH51S orpanarem.aae HHTepSaJIhI aa rronosorrensHble, MbI .!I.OJl)f\Hbl 6Y.!I.eM nacarr, nepBaHaqaJIhHae coenaaeane npH nOJIOiKHTeJIbHa]( ysce Iv, a MMeHHo npH Iv = 2, I<aK 3TO BH.nHO H3 caenyiomero npasepa:
8TH HeHH51

ECJIH OT.!I.eJIbHO BhlnHcaTh

nepBaHal.JaJIbHOe

H npOH3BanHae I1TaI<,

coenaaeaae,
C HX

pacnpenenas

aTHaCHTeJIhHaH

nepsoaasaxsuoe
IV=-2.

MeJIaJl.HH no ronocau, cooripasyacs, nucoroa, TO. CTaHeT al.JeBI1,ll;HhlM, 'ITO coenaaenae .!I.aJIiKHa OhlTb nanacaao rrpll

HHe B I<aHOHe no cart, I1X B 3a

nacars nepBOHaqaJlbHae coenaaenoaoaorrem.soro Iv, cnenyer nn3TaM COe.!l.HHeHHH orpauarensaue HHTepBaJIbl, npHHHMa51 noxoxorrem.aue. 3THM nyrex aTI<pbISaeTC51 aosxoar.uJIH l.JTa6h1 rrpaBHJIaM 6eCI<aHeQHhlMI1 I<aHaHaMH,I<aI< He TaJIhRO B 0.TpHuaTeJlhHblX, MaTepHaJIaM no 11 B nOJIO-

roro,

Iv=_2 Iv:'1

HaCTh

rraJlh30BaThCH

fIltdk=~
.
TOqHO C IIv, TaR/Re IlHIllYTC51 HMeIpiuHMH' B TepUH.Ia) Iv

~~~: ~-r
II";
I<aHaHbI ,M B npyrHe

nJI51 yrrpamHeHl1fl iKHTeJIbHblX xeraux

noxaaare.nnx.

=Iv

IIpH

rrpHMYIO nepecrauosay. Flpa ill 2 (KC;lHaH rperiyercs Iv =-- 4-, UpH ill = 3 (RaHoH B I<BapTY) 6. Kaaouu B nansaeamae HHTepBaJIbl HeY.!I.OOHa nacars C npsuoa nepeCTaHOBI<aH, TaI< HaR naTpeOOBaJIOCb Obi

aurepaanu

§ 34. Paccxorpeaasrn orne.n 6eCI<OHel.JHhIX I<aHOHOB I1MeeT auaseaae npeHMYIll.eCTBeHHo B nenaror-asecaox orgomeana, I1pH cavaN: aavane asyseaaa BepTHI<aJIbHO-rrOnBH)I{Hara IWHrpanysxra MomBO 1=ia~lHHaTh ynpaacaeans B oeCRaHel.JHOM xa.aone,

rrpaaeass

I< HHM

npaoopereaaue

B 3TaM ROHTpanYHI<Te

32
I103HaHHH. 9TH ynpaxoreaaa B TO me BpeM:H npe.ll.CTaBJIHIOT .eCTeCTBeHHhlH nepexon K npaaenenaio nonaaxororo KOHTpanynxra B TpeXrOJIOCHbiX KaHOHax, 'ITO COCTaBJIHeT yme sanasy 60JIee TPY.l.l.HYIO. Ho" nenaroraxecxoa CTOPOHOHH acsepnu,BaeTCHaaasenae 6eCKOHe'IHbIX HaHOHOB.Ilpaaeaenae ax B HOMn03HUHH O'IeHb He3Ha'IHTeJIbHO. Y me caxoe nosropeaae rronpsn ·O.ll.HOH TOH me xenonaa O.ll.HHM TeM me rOJIOCOMcootimaer H If TOMY HaHOHY MOHOTOHHOCTb, pa3Be B BH.lI.epenxoro HCKJIIO'Ie'HFISImeJIaTeJIbHYIO B MY3bIKaJIbHOMnpOH3Be.ll.eHIfFI.ITPfl CO'IfI-' aeaaa Hanp., <pyrH, KOMn03f1TOp CTapaeTC5I He nposonars TeMbi nsa pa3a no.IJpSl.ll. O.ll.HOM TOM me rOJIOce na O.ll.HHXH rex me B H cryneaax, a TaM, rne 3TO Hefl36emHO, 06bIKHOBeHHO OT.lI.eJI}leT ,0.ll.HOnosropeaae OT .lI.pyroro 60JIee HJIFIxeaee nponomaareasHOi{ aarepaenaea. B 6eCKOHeQHOMme KaHOHe HeT MeCTa .lI.JIH mrrepxenaa H Bo06111eOTCYTCTBYIOTCpe.ll.CTBa'IeM-Jm:60 Hapyunrrs CBOHCTBeHHoe3TOMY KaHOHY onaooripasae. HecpaBHeHHO ,60JIbllIee npaxeaeaae B HOMn03HUHHH}leeT KaHOHH'IeCKaH cexBeHUflSI, K KOTOPOHMbI Tenepb nepeXOJJ.HM.

33

rnABA III.
F6acHOH8'1HbIH >CTaBnR8MOIO 2·x-ronocHbl£i Ha .4pynte HaHOH 1-ro paapRAa C

1.1,,, 110(': y rn-s-aaepx, y n=-aaaa. Tperaa HHTepBaJI BCTynJIewur 1Ii~ OTMC'lcn 6YHBOIO,TaK HaK OH TO/lCI,eCTBeHeH nepaux . C J II' :,l'l'OM, HHTepBaJIe scrynaer oR H C MOMeHTa ee BCTyIIjt'liUli nOBTopHeTcH cryrreaaro 'HHme 6blBUIee ysce B Ha'ItLJIC COe.ll.HHeHHeOT.lI.eJIOB (AI B). BCJIe.ll.CTBHeTOII{.lI.eCTBeH'JlOCTUsroro COe.ll.HHeHHH nepnonasam.asru C HeT Ha.ll.06HOCTH prlccMaTpfiBaTb ero HaH OT,n;eJIbHOe npoaasonnoe. OCTaIOTC5I ,'wa nepssre COe.ll.HHeHHH OT.lI.eJIOB(A, +B H A+BJ, aaxoHHUUleCH xexrny C060IO B OTHOUIeHI1H nepBOHa'IaJIbHOrO H II POH3BO.ll.HOro. HaHTH Iv MomHO no npemHeMY crrocotiy, B3518 anretipaasecxyio CyMMy nepenmoxenan OT.lI.eJIOB A H B. Pa3A ,~ naua B HX nepenaaaceaaa cpaBHHTeJIbHO C HaHOHOM,rne' P He nepeHOCHTCH aa npyrae cryneaa, 3aHJIIO'IaeTCH B TOM, 'ITO ;8 nOCJIe.ll.HeM' BeJlH'IHHa 060HX HHTepBaJlOB BCTynJIeHHH onaaaH~Ba, BCJIe.ll.CTBHe 'Iero aJIre6paH'IeCKaH cyMMa nepenaaaceaaa OOOHX OT.lIeJlOBH paBHHeTC}I - am, B I\aHOHHQeCHOH me ceaBeHUHH HHTepBaJIbI BCTynJIeHHH pa3JlH'IHbI. B TO BpeMH xax OT.!I.eJI rrepenaaraercs B na, -m, OT~eJIAI nepenauraerca aa -n, oqTOJJ.aeTB pe3YJIbTaTe Iv m - n, HaH 3TO BH.!I.HO CJIeH3 nyrouief cxexu. B STOH cxexe nepensaacenae OT.!I.eJIa asepx A, '0603HaQeHO TeM, 'ITO B npOH3BOJJ.HOM COe.ll.HHeHHIf A nOCTa.HJleHO BbIUIe

=-

P-t'olO, nepeHKCXO.4Rw.eM

cTyneHK

B BOCXOARW.SM MnK ceKBeHl,HR

nopRAH8

(KaHOHK'IeCKaA

t-rn paspaaa).

npHBe.n.eHHhIHB § 23 I-H nphMep RaHO'HH'IeCHOH ceRBeHUHH r-ro paspsna:

§ 35. Paccxorpax

:..... X'"
"A

---8,

A,

B,
B'I.'.I'.

~ ' A s------·----

-----------~
8

B 3TOH cxexe P nepecraanaerca B HanpaBJIeHIfH O.!I.HHa~I\oBOMC aanpaaueaaex r-ro HHTepBaJIa BCTynJIeHH5I. Bsnnenpa,Se.!I.eHHaH <popMYJIaOCTaHeTcHHeH3MeHHoii H B TOMCJIYQae,eCJIH nepenaazaeane P-t'hI npOH30UJJIO B HanpaBJIeHHH rrpo'rasono.• 'lOil(HOM HanpaBJIeHflJO m, a HMeHHO:
lIHTepBaJlbI BCTynJIeHHH B 3TOM HaHOHe cnenyioniae:

.•

-r

:1IepBOHa'IaJIbHbIH 0603HaQeH 6YKBOIO m, IIPOH3BO.!I.HhIH 6YH~ BOlO n. Han p a B JIe H If e 3TI1X HHTepBaJlOB n pOT H BOIl 0-

:
A

'AX~J--.--.--A,
,~

B
I.

_ AI

B,
• T.JI.

B -----------

3S
Ha OCHOBaHIHI Iv=aTOH: <P0PMYJIh1 nJI51 npHBeneHHOTO T. e. nepeonasaasuoe B nBollHoM mn ecrs r-ro
q

B 3TOM coennaeOHTaBhI. oec-

,I

hll

III'

CIIOI.IX

1I0BTOpeHHH:, a oo'eM,

MeJIOnHH

HX

npaoriperaior HX

§ I<aHOHa § 36.
ROHeqHhlX acrynaeaas

3---'-4=-7,
'= -

",milllll\l

()OJlhll1oii

npen51TCTBYlOmHH

nOBTopeHHI?

HHe nOJI)I{HO OhITb aarmcaao <P0pMYJlaIv l{oTOPhIX 2-X-rOJIOCJlhlX

ROHTpanYHHTe pa3p51na, Hoe P-t'OIO H

"IIIt)l.VlltX

CTYlleH5JX.

npaxepe

06ma51 ;a:JI51 acex

RaHOHQB HMelOT

HHTepBaJIbl nOBTOp5Ieoec-

,,\\ 1.1.

p as .11 H

HanpaBJIeHHe.

fIpelHH5151 <POp JIa oeCKOHeQHOrO My MOIO na Tex )He cTyneH5IX CJ1YQaeM <pop 'vi YJlbl KOHeq~bIll Iv

=~m -

(Iv

=-

KaHOHa,C n

am), 5IBJI51eTC5I JHHllb qaCTBhlM

n, r'ne

= m,

noaTOMY

RaHOHgCOOCTBeHHOM

cMblCJle

MomBO

paccMaTpH=- m OTneJI n,

sarr, RaR qaCTHblH CJlyqaH: RaHOHH'-lec1{Oll ceKBeHIlHH. fIOCMOTPHM. RaRoe H3Mei-IeHHe ObIJIO ObI BHeceHO eCJlH offiJlG aaepx, cyxaa ObI Han p a B JIe H H e ECJlH me 060HX on H i-I a K 0 B o. B TOM He ToaTO' B <P0PMYJIY

Iv

HHTepBa.'10B cxexe H

BCTynJIeHH5I

nepenaaayrs
0603HaqH'rb

B npenunyuiea aanpaanemnr, 'ITO nepenaancaaae AI' RaR ro.noca MHHyCOM, a nJlIOCOM, H rorna

A,
T. e.

OT;a:eJI

B"

aepxaero, ill

;a:OJI)I{HO

anrecpaasecaas

nepenaaacenaii,

a CJIenOBaTeJIbHO H Iv A,
B

+ ~.

("R)
("p)

e,

(R) ;(p)
§ 37. Hra I<,
HHTepSaJlOs

nanpaaneaae HeCMOTp5I

HX onaaaxonoe, na TO, qTO ara TeM aTy He TeCHO (He xeaee

CJIenOBaTeJIbHO HHTepBaJlbl fi oo'eM neynoriaoro nepBOM OOJIee ORTaBblB

Iv == -

+ 3 = 2.
Be-

HeOOJlbUlHe H ro.noca nepsoaasansaoa MeJIOnHH ;a:JI5I

neasr

nOBOJIbHO

coenUHeHIIH), npII npoTIIBOnOJIO)l(HOM HanpaBJIeHIIII 060IIX ronoce, H nanp.,

H HHTepBaJI

(KBHHTa), na ROTOPhlH: OHa nepenanraercs

B RaiJi.ll.0M OT;a:eJlbHOM

nenato'r
BepXHHll

xenoaaio

nepenaaareans

BCTynJIeHI15I <popMyJIa

nORa3aTeJI5I cne;a:YIOII1aH:

rOJlOC npn

nOBTopeHHH

C,R)

yme

sa-

a)
a npII O.!l.IIHaROBOM fix

Iv=-m-n,
cnenyrornaa:

XO;a:HT CJIHIllHOM BbICOl{O, qTO nenaer ,n:JI5Icexaeauaa.

3TOT npHMep

nenparonaua

HanpaBJIeHHI1

b) Iv=-m+n. Coennaeane
Bcex TOH II npyron ceRBeHUHH: <pOpMyJIhl naer

=-

Boorime

HaHOHHqeCHHe

ceKBeHIJ,H'HH npH npHMeH5IIOTC5I

m +n,

B aany

ynoMHHYTblX rarone

Heyn06cTB,

penxo,

Iv =

oriuiyio !JlOPMYJIY

9TOMY

cnocoricrnyer npH

H acrpesatotueeca

B' HHK ne.p~ISp~~ BepXH5J5I HeH3MeHHO

RaHOHIIqeCKIIX

IUHBaHHe MeJIOnH5I

rOJIOCOB, oJIaro~ap5I Ha)l{.ll.OM

ROTOPOMY cpaBHHTeJlbHO Haxo;a:HTC5I no <popMYJIe, Iv

Iv = § 38. b)
npl1MeHeHa OOJIbIllIIe urne H KaHOHIIqeCI<He

-- m

+ (+n).
aanacaaaue no <p0pMYJle HeHHTepBaJlbI BCTynJleHII5J aa

nOBTopeHHH

~ B e p x y, qTO nenaer.

CeKBeHIJ,HH 3TH 60JIee 0;a:Ho06pa3HhlMH,lJeM

ceRBeHUI1II,

RaHOHHqeCRHe CeI(BeHIJ,I1Il, uanncaauue . T. e. ceRBeHUI1H, HHTepBaJIbI pa3JII1qHhl ~HTepBaJl6B no HanpaBJleHIIIO. qIICJla ceRBeHUI1H qarue

, -m;-u

BCTpeQaIOTC5J cpaBHIITeJIbHO ,.£~;;se: <P0pMYJ1a 3Ta MO/i(eT ObITb B TOM CJlyqae, _!S0r.na rOJIOca HHaqe He y,n:aJIHIOTC5J

BCTY~JIeHI15J ROTOPhlX Me)l(~y' c66010 C onHHaROBblM ;a:pyrI1x HanpaBJIeHHeM cex-

ztpyr

OT npyra

OOJIb-

§ 39. 1'13

HHTepBa.1JhI,

oy;a:YT

OTCT05JTb CJII1UlROM

BcTynJIeHII5J

MOil{HO BCTpeTIITb

3¥

BeHUHU npH Iv O. 3TOT nOHa3aTeJIb nOJIyqaeTCH a rex CJIysraax, Hor.n.aupa Q.lI.HHaHOBOM HaOpaSJIeHHl:I HHTepBaJIhI aery,J:lJIeHURMe!lOI.y COOOIO. pasau, KaH aanp.:

37
rne OTJIOmeHHhIHSJIeSO OT liP HHTepSaJI oripasyer C R npmey, Yl(a3bISaIOlllYIO, 'lTO Iv = o. § 40. C OOMombIO npaaeneaaux .n.syx !jlOpMyJI MomHO nncars KaHOHl1'leCHHe ceHseHUHH npH SCHHOM Iv, He orpaaauaBaHCh,KaH 3TO OhIJIOB npenunymax HaHOHax, O.n.HHMH 'leTHhIMI-I nOHa3aTeJI5IMH.rIPH 3TOM, nepShIH HHTepSaJI BCTymIeHH5IMO)l(eT" ObITb npOH3BOJIbHOHBeJIH'lHHhI H HanpaSJIeHH5I1). 3n:lM HHTepSaJIOM,ero HanpaSJIeHHeM I:I .n.aHHhIMnOHa3aTeJIeM onpeneaaercs BeJIH'lHHa H aanpaanenae sroporo HHTepBaJIa. I10JIOJI\HM, 'lTO nan Iv = - 7 U cexcra xaa nepnufi HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHH5J (m 5). Ha OCHosaHHH !jl0PMYJIhI: Iv m (+n) TO I(,OJIH'leCTSO, KOTopoe HymHo npHJIO}l\HTb H - 5 'lTOObI nOJIY'lUTb Iv = - 7, U ec'n, BTOPOH uHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHH5I. KOJIU'leCTBO 3TO ecri, - 2, T. e. TepUH5I, a MUHYC noxaauaaer, 'lTO ee nanpaaneaae npOTHBOnOJIOJI(HO nepBOMY HHTepBaJIY BCTynJIemHI:

I1HTepBaJIbI sCTynJIeHHH B 3TOM npHMepe cnenyiomae:

=-

Iv = - 3

TaKHM oripaaou

+ 3 = o.

Coenaneane npoassonaoe

(A

TO)K.n.eCTBeHHbIM rrepaoaavaar.asra C

+ B,) 5IBJIHeTCH
(A,

+ B):

p;;rzr:~"$O
-:/

@
P
Iv:-7'

I.:-7

..-P

lIP

3TI:lM nYTeM MbI aaxonax

cxexy

BCTYOJIeHHH .n.JIH BC5I--

xoro Iv ,
OO.n.OOHhIH iKe CJIyqaH npencrasnaer 6eprepa (CM. HHiKe § 49). HaqaJIO HaHOHaKHPH'
BOT
1

npaxepu
-8 ~

BCTynJIeHHH: a) npH IV=-9

.fn~.{ j
P R

go~
P R lOP

t.
~nT.~.

- I> R "P

~~

"P

~~KT.~.

L..---' B

"P

~ R

"

!" "P

~ Iv - O. fIOJIb3YSlCb .n.ml OThICI(aHHH Iv npaexoa, YKa3aHHhIM 'lI § 37, MbI noxysaex cnenyrotnae cxexu nsyx npenmecrayroumx
({aHOHOB:

or

tt-~E!ZJ
I,~: 0

"P

1) Cnenyer

HCKJlIO'IHTb TOT CJlY'l3M, KOfJ{3

npn

OTpHU3TeJlbHOM

Iv

npo-

THBOnOJlOlKHol1 nepeCT3HOBKOM, nepssra

HHTepB3J1

scrynaeaaa

p3BeH nOJlOBJlHe

Iv,

'ITO J{3eT 6eCKOHe'lHbJW KaHOH C

liP na

TOM lKe CTyneHH, 'ITO II

P.

39 Iionee
nOJIHblH nepeqeHb npyroa, BCTytIJlellliii

npusenea

HH)I(e B OTonpene-

111 ,IIO)l(QIIHaHBJIeBO OT

,,P

HOTa oripaayer

C HOTOIO BCTynJIeHM5I

nene TpeXrOJIOCHhIX RaHOHOB.

I~
OT

1III'l'CpaaJI npaxu:

§ 41. Y Rail(eM
JIeiuiH

60JIee Hai.·JUIJlHbIH,cnocori

Iv,

COCT05l11UIHB cnenyromex.

liP

BJreBO OTHJIanbl-

BaeTC5I MHTepBaJI, paBHbIH: rrepeoxy

P R

HHTepBaJIY BCTynJleHH5I, HO
P

==o=----=u-~-_~
~'I(a3aHHblH npaea crynennx, h: 0 [onpeneneaas

B npOTHBOnOJIO)KHOMHanpaBJIeHMH, RaR aanp.:

Iv]

Onl1HaROBOnparoneu

H D.JlH )Ke

~;~j ~I-H I1;HTepBaJlBcTyrlJleHii51

t')eCROHeqHOrO RaHOHa C IIP-t'Oro Hal( qaCTHbIH cnysan

aoaspamaiomeioca

aa rex

[TaR TaR 3TOT RaHOH] MO)I(eT 6hITb paCCMaTpHBaeM RaHOHHqeCROHceRBeHUMM (§

36). Hanp.:

(5)

MMeeT HanpaBJIeHHe BBepx, OT.ll0I":-14

meH~bIH HaMH MHTepBaJ( HMeeT HanpaBJleHHe OT liP B H H 3. rIOJIYqeHHa51HaMM HOTa(o603HaqeHHa51 • ), OTCTOH IJP na paCCTOHHMI1 OT onHHaROBOMC paCCT05lHMeMxeamy c HOTOIOBCTynJleHH5IR. 06pa3yeMbIH BaJI(B naHHOM npaxepe BJIeHHe, B RaROM HOTa.
<C

R,

cosnanaer

BO BpeMeHH

3THMHnBYM5I HOTaMHHHTepKaR MbI YBHD.HM HH)l(e, 9Tl1M npHeMOM MO)I{eT 6bITh ronoca onpe-

9)

scerna paBHHeTeH HCROMOMY HanpaIv. MO)KeT 6hITh HJlM

HaXOD.HTCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO coananaromea r-ro aarepnana BCTynJleHHH HJlH

nero BO BpeMeHM HOThI BCTynJIeHH5I R-t'hl

D.eJI5IeM MOMeHT BCTynJIeHHH MHHMoro pa3p5lna. OH npl1MeHHM raroxe

B HaHOHe 2-ro npaaepos B351ThI

<>nHHaROBOC HanpaBJleHHeM eMY npoTHBOnOJIOil(Ho.

H B RaHOHax MHOrOrOJlOCHblX. HHiKe qaCThIO H3 COqMHeHHH HHUoneRaXOpD.OHe

nepBOM cnysae

Iv

nOJlO)KHTeJlbHhIH, 3TH aa-

42.

DOJIbUlI1HCTBO npaeonaxux

.tIO BTOPOM-oTpRuaTeJIbHhIH.

npHBeneHHoM npHMepe

'IaCThlO H3 CO'IHHeHHH

Ilanecrpaau,

InpaB.lleHHH npOTMBOnOJIO)KHhI:

JlepJIaHD.CRHX ROMn03HTopOB,

rrpHBOnl1MbIX B

Fnapeaua. Hexoropue
B npyrHx

npMMephI 3aHMCTBOBaHhI B nOJIHOMaane,

B3HTa TOJlhRO TeMa.

11 Iv

ROBbI H

= - 9. B cnenyrouteu npuMepe Iv nOJIOil(HTeJIbHhIH::

3TH HanpaBJleHH5I onaaaP. XIV, 22

3TOT npaaep 3aHHhIX

i4~6Jr~'ki~f=fF ,':tb." li.~..

npa

Iv

"P

=-

9,

He 3aRJlIOqalOmHH B ce6e canynaoenas:

B

nHCCOHaHCOB, nonycxaer 1\a!lpHH':I~cRHe raroxe HMHTaUHH, aanncan

Id=-9, IId=-9,
nsauce- \/'

II = -_
CJlY'IaeB:

2 ••

ROTOPblX npaaoe

I,=

i-me OTCYTCTByeT, nepenao nYlOmHH npaxep

D05lBJIHIOTCH C y.ll,BoeHH5IMH. CJIenpH

Iv = - 9:

.~~

E~=_::!__~
R "P
P. XIV, 97

ECJIH HOTa BCTynJIeHH5I P BCTynJleHH5I sroro

ORameTCH MeiKny

TOqROH H HOTOH HMH HHTepBaJIa,

R,

T, e.

BHYTPH 06pa30BaHHoro npaxan.

f¢ "; i~F"rFlffiJdI4;.e~rlf.. ,~e~i.~:;"~.~

:N;47.
,P

J J~J

h:-II

TO nepecraaoaxa

npOTHBOnOJIOiKHaH,eCJIH me OHa npHneTC5I BHe

HI-ITepBaJIa, TO nepec'ranosxa

Korna

Iv

= 0,

Ero npn

nepnonauam.noe

coenaaerrae,

xpcxe

rrepecraaonxa npH IV=-II

TO

Iv= -9, nonycxaer

raroae H nepecraaosna

npa Iv
M48.

= -7'
B03>10H<HO:

B nonooasrx
Id: -9

CJlYtJa51X nO'-lTH

nOJIY'-IHTb HOBYIO CeI{BeHUHIO, npMMeH5151paaaue

scerna MOiI(HGIlv, RaK nanp.:

-0-------"" 71"" -4 7 IV:-H

l Io
nne,

06CT051TeJIbCTBO

31'0

aaxonarca

B 3UBI1CHMOCTH 01' XonOB CpaBHI1TeJIbHO penKoe

~UIIHOH

MeJIOnHI1 H npenCTaBJI51eT

nane-

# :~ ...rr Ipp<>*fr'' rr1~7J JJ rtf

+ IId:-9

ECJIH iKe B MOMeHT BCTynJIeHI151

uP

He npOHcxonHT

sanpel.lT06hl

InCHHbIX nOCJIenOBaHI1H C IWHUX

if

yare

He

MomeT

6bITb

npemnecrayiomaa npenarcraatt
HOBOM

C03BytJHeM, TO HHK TOMY,

1I0JIYtJHTb CeI{BeHUHIO npH

Iv.

§ 44. 1'13 CJIenYIOUl.erO rtpaxepa:

.'i50. Iv=-7
Id:-II
-2 Ud:-9

~,'?'
3TH ceImeHUHH He conepisar B ce6e

eli

Id:-~+IId:-2:ILE P. XIV, 63.

if

i·) J"J
Rf

J. Jt'\JS2 r r' F"r F R=

I

"P

,;
4
-II

np51MOrO nBH}I(eHH51 M no-

MorYT

6hITb

Ii3BJIetJeHbl

HeCI{OJIhKO xaaoaa-recnnx coenanenae B

cexaeauafi,

nYCRaIOT YRa3aHHbIe

[B HHX] ynBoeHH51. coe)J.VlHeHH51B

Hpoae Iv= -9

§ 43.
nonYCRaIOT

MbI

CRa3aJIH, '-ITO nepaoaanansuue

rca-

nepaonanansnoe A

3TOH: Cel(BeHIHII1

HOHH'-IeCRHX ceRBeHUH51X, MMeIOlllMe HeCROJlbRO npaxeaeaae 3THX HOBhIe

Ilv,

nO'-lTM acerna naIOT B03-

IIv

IIB!~: 1{~t¢===rIF
At B,

II TaKHM 06pa30M aa

MO}l{HOCTh nOJIY'IMTb CTBHTeJIbHO, aaorna BCTynJIeHH51

ceRBeHUIIU

TY iHe TeMY. neiinonycxaer nepeCTaHOBRH npH

3TOMY BCTpetJaIOTC51 npen5lTCTBH5I B MOMewr' MO}l(HO BIIneTb npenunyuiero MO}l(eT 6blTb Hanp. aa nepaoti l{aHOHU-

up.

3TO

IIv= -7,

-II,

-4.

ITPH

IV=-7

tJeCROH: ceRseHIJ,HH Hoe coennaeaae -II. ee

§ (Iv= - 9). Ilepsoaavansrarone nepe.uBHHYTO npa

nOJIYtJaeTC5I CJIenyIOll~a51 cexaeanaa:

Iv=

rl

:-9+Ud:2

@sa:- f) t r I~'fir
.M51.

UJ

J~. qJ

r I~
aa

Iv:-7

" ""Ke

"

P~

ITepecTaHOBRa

npH

Iv= -

II

naer

C[(a'lOI{

ceRCTY:

.N;52.

Ho Iv= -

II

rpeoyer

CJIenYIOUJ.HX BCTynJIeHHH:

II e
Tax
Mep xax

IT
3Ta

I Z.

r p.
J

II;

¥IF r
/I

J.

J
E'

,,4
naer

J. FI

h:-l1

"P MMeHHO C HOThI

cexcra

B 060HX

ronocax npM

MaJlaSJ, TO M 3TOT IlpnCJIenYIOlll,YIO

Mea-ny

TeM

uP

rOnHTC51.

Ilepecraaonna

Iv= -4

He MO)l{eT

BCTynHTb

ceRBeHUI1IO:

nOTOMY qTO nOJlY'-IHJIHCb 6bI

rrapannensuue

RBIIHTbI

R:
Kpoae
aonaaansnoe roro B03MOil(Ha erne cnenyiouias H TO }lie KOM6HHarUUI.

IlepIi

coenaaeaae

B onno

BpeM51 nonycxaer

42
'fIepeCTaHoBKY npM Iv= -II· M Y.D.BOeHMe HH)KHerO rOJIOca <CKOIOceKBeHUMelO na Ave uanacaaa verum

43

Mouapra.
OHa

HMMTauml

Mouapra
BCTYB .D.BHMeJlOJl.MrOJlOCOB

IB HH)KHIOIO TepUMIO:

IId=2:

B CBo5o.D.HOM nHChMe.

3aKJlIOlJaeT B ce5e

'l1J1eHMe cenTMMI,I CKalJKOM aa

-!--. l--I---

CJla60M BpeMeHM M TpnToH K

:FI(eHMMMeJlO.D.MM npI1 ~eCKHM nOCTpoeHHeM TepUflHMH, ,I1MHTaUI1H

nepexone

liP. 11

TeM He xeaee

CBoeM TeM~,

YJl.BOeHHHMH 050HX rOJlOCOB na

BCTynJleHHeM

BTOPOM napI,I ce6e

llMCCOHaHce,

Mouapra

HOCHT na

HeCOMHeHH~M ornenaroa

npennrecraytouieit ECJlI1 YJI.BaMBalOmHH HM)l(HMH ronoc npMHHTh sa ronoc ee

3nOXM crpororo

nHCI,Ma, pe3KO OTJlI1qalOIlI,I1M My3I,IKH II co06malOULHH 3TOH

OT npOH3Ben.eHHH nosnaeamea

'l1epBOHaQaJlI,HOro 183HTb YKa3aHHYIO a pe3YJlI,TaTe

coellMHeHM~,

a B KalJeCTBe ero rrpa Iv= -13. -II,

npOH3BO.D.HOrO TO nOJlYQaeTCH

il1MMTaUMM HeH3'5!CHMMYIO npenecrs:

nepeCTaHORKY

.Mo5.

nepecraaoexa

npM Iv=

CeKBeHUHH npM IBcTYfTJleHH5I (m=6)

3TOM Iv rpecyer

If npa

JLaHHOM nepBoM

MHTepBaJIe

3TM
'B

CJleJI.~ 3nOXI1 cTpororo

nacsua,

CTOJlI, OCH3aTeJlI,H~e CrJlaJI(HBaTI,CH H

CJlen.YIO:W;fIXBCTynJleHHu:

TeXHMKe

Mouapra,

nocne

Hero

Ha'lMHaIOT

OHOHlJaTeJlI,HO

ac-reaaror.

npeJI(H5IH

TOHHOCTI, KOHTpanyHHTM'le-

cxoro nncsua ycrynaer MeCTO TeXHMKe 50Jlee )l(eCTI{OM M rpy'6.?H. Bepayrscn H coaepmeacrny nacsxa Monapra, coennnaa Orciona
h:-l:~
fIOJlYQaeTC5I HOBa51 KaHOHH'leCKa5I ceKBeHUM5I: er-o co BceMM ycoBepllleHcTBoBa6M5IMM yrpaseanyio cOBpeMeHHoH rapMoHMH, H TOB.npM06pecTM ll(OCTH BneQaTJlHTeJlbHOCTb H xpacore 3TO ecri, anean,

~;54.

1'---13

rOJlOCOBen.emUI,

1\ lCOTOPOMY n.OJ])I(eH

~j~Fi~WtJf·J~·~~"·,
YMCJlO B03MO)l(HbIX KOM5MHaUHM YBeJlM'lHBaJlOCh 5hl 3Ha'lMTeJlbHO, eCJIM 5hI nepBylO ronoca H3 ceKBeHUfIM na 3Ty TeMY Ha'laTb BMeCTO BepXHero HM)l(HMM, T. e. nOCTaBHTh

crpeMHTbC51

cOBpeMeHHhIM

KOMfl03MTOP H npM5J1H)I(eHHIO M3YlJeHHe crpororo rmcsaa.

H HO-

TOPOMY MO)l(eT coneacrsoaars

§
npM -raroxe

46. -

DeCI(OHeQH~H 14. Ho ero

RaHOH,

npaseneuasra
-II. TaK

19, nanacan nonycxaer MHTepBaJi

Iv=

nepaoaasansnoe npM Iv=

ccennneaae I(aK I-M

M nepeCTaHOBHY onrasa,

aa

MeCTO coena-

BCTynJleHMH ecrs

TO 2-M n.OJl)l{eH 5hITh

KBMHTOIO, B351-

P (§
.

20)

H K fTOJlYlJHBllleMYC5I BHOBb nepBOHalJaJlbHOMY re

jI(e

TOH B npOTMBOnOJlO)l(HOM aanpaaneuaa:

-4
Sj\;;

HeHMIO npHMeHMTh

npMeMbI

nOCTpOeHM5I ceHBeHUHH. CI(OJlbHO pa3J1H'lHbIX If HeOTCIOJl.a nOJIY'laeTCH

45.
'lTO

llJl51

Toro,

'lT05hI

noxaaars,

l\oM5HHaUHH

MOJI(HO H38J1elJb M3 O.D.HOH TeMbI, XOT5I 5~

0 R

al/O p

3HaQMTeJlI,HOH, MbI HaMepeHHO B~6paJiM

TeMY HaCTOJIbHO HOPOT-

xyio,
B ce6e

nepaoaasansnoe n.Be nOJIYHoTbI.

COeJI.MHeHMeceKBeHUI1I1 3aKJIIO'laeT Ho HeCMOTp5I na CBOIOI(paTI(OCTI, B MY3I,IKaJlbHOM OTHOllleHMH,

M56.

cnenyiomaa

KaHOHM'leCI(a51 cexaeauas

acero

1":11

II nOBHllfIMOMY

He3Ha'lHTeJII,HOCTI,

TeMa 3Ta MMeeT 60JII,llIOe -reJlbHeHIlIHX

CXOllCTBO C TeMOIO On.HOM M3 saaerraI1MHTaUI1H-KaHOHM'le-

P.XIV,'

:pJ. ~J

'~/FJ~~!JJr~ I; 1 I~~/~J;

no 6.lJar03BY'lI11O 11 xpacore

44
§
Iv= 47.

45
13 § 35
J(aHOHIl'leCKa5J BpeM5J ceKBeHUI15J nanacaaa npn

--7,

HO B TO iKe

nepaoaauam.aoe
Iv=

COeD.HHeHl1e MO-

)l{eT 6bITb

nepeD.BI1HYTO npl1

-3.
0

ITPH 3TOM Iv

scrynneaas

.lO.1J)I{HbI 6bITb

cnenyioume:

&_ ___"..e
II

,e

!,.:- 3

Tal,

xax

nepBOHa'la.lbHoe Iv= ~7 I1 npH

COeD.HHeHI1e D.OnycKaeT Iv=

nepe-

.ll.Bl1meHI1e npI1 B

-3,

TO, B35IB

noc.neaaee

xaaecrae
-7 B

nepBOllaqaJlbHOrO

COeD.HHeHI15I,a nepeCTaHOBKY npa HOBYIO nepe-

Iv=

xaxecrae
Iv=

ero -4>-.

npOH3BOD.HOrO, nOJIY'laeM OTClO.la nOJIY'laeM

crasoaxy

npH

ceKBeHUI1IO:

§
Hanp.:

49._K~H_OHH'leCHa5I

ceKBeHUH5I KaHOH

MO)!(eT

BXO.D,I1TP, aJ( coK pa3Mepa, KaK

<:TaBHa5I
P. XII, 31

xac'rs,

B 6ecJ(oHe'lHblH

66JIbWerO

113
npn

6eCIWHe'lHOrO B

HaHOHa

EpYMeJI5J

npH

Iv =

0,

npHBeD.eH-

noro

§ 31,

MOil{HO CnCJIaTb KaHOHI1'lecKYIO

ceHBeHllI1IO

raroxe

IV=-4>-:
Iv=-4-> () 4-

e?e-$
§ na
-10 Iv= 48. -

1'13

MaJIoynoTpeOHTeJIbHblX 44).

IIv

MbJ npHBcml

npllMep

B 3TOM J(aHOHe conepacarca nse HaHOHH'leCKlIX ceKBeHllI1H-onna BOCXO.ll.5IllIa5I,npyra5I HHCXOn5IllIa5I. § 50. B npoTHBOnOJIOmHOCTb 6eCKOHe'lHbIM KaHOHaM C P-t'OIO nOBTOp5IIOllIeIOC5I na OnHHX H Tex me cTyneH5IX, KaHOHH'leCKI1e
ceJ(BeHuHH HMelOT O'leHb 60JIbWOe npHMeHeHI1e TaK MHoro

13 (§

Cnenyrourae

npHMepbl

J(aHOHI1'leCKI1X

cex-

Ii

VI

HO-Mn03HUHH. 3THX

BeHILHH HanHCaHbJ II -12.

ua

OCTaJlbHbJe penHO BCTpe'laIOlllHeC5I Iv=-8.

Ha

3TOM OCHOBaHHH Mbl H

npasena

npHMepOB

·ceKBeHUHH. KaHOHH"ileCKHe ceKBeHllHH_TIOCT05IHHO BCTpe'laIOTC5I B CO'lHHeHH5IX KOMn03HTopOB. B KOHTpanYHKTe crpororo TO'lHO TIHCbMa, oc06eHHO TaH)J{e OHH, arpaior _Y HHD.epJlaHnCKHX OOJIbWYIO pOJIb

=::criJ:.j~::~:

M60

csotionaoro

nacsua.

KaHOHH'leCKHe

ceHBeHUHH

51BJI5IIOTC5IMaTepHaJIOM orime

nJI5I HHTepMeD.HH B <pyre

H I1MeIOT BO(npa TaK

OOJIbUIOe npHMeHeHHe paC'lJIeHeHHH

B TeMaTH'leCKOH pariore

'Ha3bIBaeMOM

renu).

CBOOOD.HOe TIHCbMO BHOCHT

47
B nOD.06Hble cexaenuaa OD.HliM
! rOB

CeRBeHUIU1 B npeD.eJIax

3JIeMeHT MOD.ymIUHoHHbIH, JIaD.a B ceRBeHUHH

npeBpamaw

wee

3TOMY

He

MOil<eT E

6blTb

aarnrcaao

no

npnxepy

np01JHX.

xonyxapyiouiae.
5IBJI5JeTC5I H p yno I{IH1HTO-

ECJIH 6b!

ornen

ROHTpanYHRTHpOBaJI MOrJIO 6bl

R OT.l.J.eJIY D ,II IIJHlCTOM C

as 1JaCTHbIX CJIY1JaeB TaROH cexaennaa xa HO H Ho (Zirkel. Canon),

ROHTpanYHRTe,

TO E

He COHTliCb

"A,

mm

11:1111'.:

0H

MOilYJIHPYlOlllHH

BOMY ,Rpyry., I1CRJII01JaeT B Rypce

HMeHHO 3TO 065I3aTeJIbHOe I\aHOH

MOJl.YJIl1poBaJIHe If npOXOJLI1Ml,IX

xpyronoit

113 1JHCJIa <jlOPM,

CTpororo

nHCl,Ma.

rJIABA IV.
6eCKOHe'lHbIH 2-x-rOJlOCHbIH KaHOH 2-ro paspaaa (paccToRHVlR MeHlAY BCTynneHVlRMM pa3nM'IHble) C P-t'0I0, nOBTopRJO~eJOcR ua rex me erjnenax (co6cTBeHHo tiecKOH6'1HbIH KaHOH 2-ro paspana). npHMeHeHHe ropK30HTaJlbHo-nOABKmHoro KOHTpanYHKTa.

I1TaK,.

OTJJ.eJIE, HenOCpeD.CTBeHHO aanacaa rrea

npenmecraytomas C

"A,

He

MO)l(eT 6bITb mae

me

cnocorioa,

1JTO H npeD.IIIecTBYIOMOMeHTa BCTynJIeHI151 OJl.HH H3 3Tl1X OT.l.J.eJIOB C OTD.eJIOB,C01JI1HeHOTJJ.eJIOBnyxmo pac-

eMY OTD.eJIb! P-t'b!

H BOT n01JeMy.

liP

nOJIY1JaeTC5I COe,lJ.I1HeHHe IIA+E,. a nOToMY xax coenaaeane

Ha
3THX

He C01JHH~IeTC5l, 06a HbIX paaee, caarpaaars

OHH nepenHCbIBaIOTC5I

n p 0 H 3 BOD. Hoe, a 1Ja JI b Hoe

.l.J.JI5l xoroporo

JJ.OJI)I{HO6bITb

§ SI. Ilonpooyex
pHJJ.a, T. e. Ta¥.oH , pa3JIH1JH'bJ:

aanacars

6eCIWHe1JHl,IH

RaHOH z-ro

pa3-

HaHJJ.eHO n e P BOIl crayer. B0 Ha M H H~

(§ 2S).

Ho

nOCJIe.l.J.HeeOTCYT-

1JliCJle npe.l.J.WecTBylOIUHX HMeHHO H3 D.OJI)I(HO '6bITb

coeJJ.HHeHHH HeT HH onnoro, ne

KaHoH,

B HOTOPOM paCCT05lHHH

BCTynJIeHHIi

COCT05lmerO 0 roc

3THX OTJJ.eJIOB.OTCYTCTBYIOlll.ee BOCCTaHOBJIeHO COCTaB M H HMO roc nepBOHa1JaJIbHOe, roro )I{e C

2-

<i a JI b HOe:

nOMOrlll,l"o 0 e D.11 eH

0 e JJ. He H H a, H 3aMeH5IlOmerO na

H H 51, RaK

c06010

aertpexeaao ,UJI5I roro, Ha.l.J.O

Ll.OJI)l(Ha BXOJJ.HTb (P 1JT06bI nOJIY1JHJIOCb

OCHOBaHHH

§ 2S).

'raxoe

COeD.HHeHHe, MHHMOMY rOJIOcy B TOM HMeHHO MeCTe, rne

BCTynHTb

C O'TD.eJIOMA. H

..
R

B P-t'e

Ha1JI1Hae'rC5I OTD.eJI E. 8TOT Ha1JaJIo I(OHe1JHbIH K HeMY P 3TOI'0 uaHOH. HaHOHa nHWeTC5I TaR, OTJJ.eJI HaK nnmerca B BC5II(l1R I{OHTpanYHRTHpoBaTb K OTLl.eJIY

nOCJIeJl.HliH H 6YJJ.eT O.l.J.HOBpeMeHHo OTD.eJIY

A...
0,

MHHMoro

ronoca,

It

H3

P-t'bI

nepeHOCHTC5I

R-t'y.

R-t'l,!' A, A
B'

KOHTpanYHJ(THpyeT

OTJJ.eJIOMB, 8TOT OT,lJ.eJIB nepeH R HeMY P KOHTpanYHl{THcoenaaeaan OTD.eJIa P-t'l", D.O rex nop H COe.l.J.HHeHHeA ... +E »eHHeM

B,
,C
MHHMoe

C,
D

(IJ
"A

"A ,,8

HOCHTC5I BCBOIO pyer OT.l.J.eJIOMC

01Jepe,!{b B R-t'y H T. D..

Iloxa
C

B nocnenyromex

OTJl.eJI R-t'l,l

nepenacuaaerca
HHKal{OH rpeoyer

npenunymero

{l§]

H HeMY npHCOeD.HH5IeTC5I HOBblH OT'!{eJI P-t'e, He npeD.CTaBJIHeT HbIM 6bIJIO pa3HHUbI

KallOH I(OHe1JTO Hit

coeAHHeH"6 '!{OJI)I{HO 6bITb

A ....
TO)I{,!{eCTBeHHO C coennMe)l(.l.J.YxoxenCOe.l.J.HHC-

C 06pII<HOBeH,HbIM xaxoro 6bI

,KaHOHOM 11 He CJIOmHorO

npHMeHeHH5I Ho ,!{ByX

IIA+E"

BCJIeD.CTRHe 1Jero H OTRomeHHe OD.HHaI<OBO C oraomeaaex

ROI-lTpanYHl{Ta. TaKHX

RaR TOJIhKO

MbI npH6.JJI~-

TaMH t.cTynJIeHli5l HI1H '!{OJI)I{HO 6blTh

rOJIOCOB nepE!OHa1JaJIbHOrO (MHHMoro)

:iKaeMC5I I< coenaaeamo

oT'!{eJIOB, H3 HOTOPhl X HI1 CoeD.H-

Me)l(D.Y MOMeHTaMIl H P-t'bl). HarJlHJUl()

OD.HH He COQHH5IeTC5I BHOBl, (B '!{aHHOM HaHOHe 3TO ecrr, aeane

BCTynJIeHH5I rOJIOCOB npOH3BO.l.J.HOro COeJl.HHeHH5I (R-t'hl ,8TO COOTHorneHHe Me)I{D.Y MOMeHTaMH BCTynJIeHHH

IIA+E,),

TO coenaaeaae

HenOCpe.l.J.CTBeHHOnpeD.meCTBYIO-

49
npeJlCTaBJIHeTC5I B CJIen.YIOmeH CXeMe npeJlblJlymero KaHOHa

(cp. § 21):
.::.J=EF--IItL_~_~____"_
)\!HJDtOp(nt'"VP(lt'a-

~---e-=1':-

n pcnaacn aoe 0

(,Of'pIIHeHJff"

(.)

i ....
0,

~--

::

R ... MHI1MOrO rOJIOca JlO MOMeHTa BCTynJIe-

~a~LMOp\COe'"HeH1Ip.

np0,llOJImHTeJIbHOCTb HHS1 uP.

II JpM

3TOM o6l1feHe

P-t'bl

M R-t'bl

MeCTaMM aanasa

cyuiaocra

'HHCKOJIbKO He IIpMeM, YKa3aHHblH Jl.JI51 COCTaBJIeHIU! cxeMbI BCTynJIe-

113MeHMJIaCh.

Ilepaue

n5ITh TaKTO.B nOCJIeJlHerO

52.

upaxepa
,c-ryneH51X

(JlO

MOMeHTa BCTYOJIeHMH me 1151Th TaRTOB

<lil1H B

]lOCTaTOQHO B 06paTHOM TepBaJIY BCTynJIeHH5I

§ 41, npHMeHMM H B ,llaHHOM cJIyqae. ,UJIH Toro, lJT06bl onpenenare MOMeHT H HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHH5I MHHMoro ronoca, JI e H M M OT P orxeparipaccToS1HHe M MHTepBaJI BCTynJIeaH5I, paBHble paCC'f05IHHIO H HHR·t'bI. PH
II

re

liP) nOBTopflIOT aa JlpyrMx sroro xaaoaa B npezotex ero

KaHOHe pOJIb R-t'hl MHMMoro rOJIOC, a pOJIb sroporo,

11I1Jle.Pa3HMua llepBOrO rOJIOca lIeTblpex

TOJIhKO B TOM, 'lJTO BO 2-0M MCnOnH5IeT MHMMblH KaHOHa z-ro

ua

np an

KaHOHa nepBoro raxrax

II

MCnOJIH5IeT R

MB

nepnsrx
CO',"

naaaoa KBMHTy

npHMep: H M)l{ e.

BCTynaeT

KaHOHa MHMMoe COeJlI1HeHMe munercs 'ITO M peansnoe M ,llpyroro

TaKTOM no 3)1{ e P OHT Ta]{TOM paccToSlHHe BCTynHT

H aa KBMHTy B bl III e. MHHMbIM rOJIOC BCTY-

aepureauo
roxeaa .cpa3y

TeM mecnoc060M,

COeJlMHeHI~e nepKaHOHa cocpeno-

p a H b III e BCTynJIeHH5I R-t'bI.

ua

60JIbIlle ,llJIHHa

paasure

ECJIH nepBoe. JIOC BTOpoI'O, TO MHHMblH ro T MHHMoro rOJIOca-O ero Ha0

,soro 'I{aHo~a.

BCH TP.Y,llHOCTb 'roro

B 5"OM TaKTe, rne P-t'e .D.ByM rOJIOCaM. cnysae Eho

npMXO.D.MTC5I KOHTpanYHKTMpOBaTh KOHTpanYHKTMpOBaHHe M B TOM M O.D.MHaHOBO. Bootiuie pa3p5l.D.a nponopuao-

~aJIa no MOMeHTa BCTynJIeHM5I

"P.

PaCCTOS1HHe 3TO paBHO nep-

'13 JlpyroM

npOHCXO,llMT COBepIlleHHO HaHOHa MeCTa a-ro

S"OMY paCCT05lHHIO BCTynJIeHHS1 (T. e. paCCT05lHHlO f]JleHH5IMI1 P M R).

xexrny

BCTY,~

'TPY.D.HOCTb 6eCKOaelJHOrO 'HaJIbHa npornxteamo Toro

B HaRORe,

rne
no

P-t'e

npMXO-

.!l.l1TC51H08TpanYHKTHpOBaTh
,I(

OJlHOBpeMeHHO H

OTHOIlleHHIO

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MHHMOMY rOJIOcy

M no

OTHOIlleHH10 R

Rvt'e .

.aJIMHa )l{e sroro 113 xa-

- ..---~)~'
.

'MeCTa B 6eCKOHelJHOM HaHOHe scerna MHMMoro ro:, paCCT051HI1H Bc:rynJIeHM51 B naHHOM MOHbI 2-ro 'Type pa3pH.D.a (scrpevaiornaeca B anne

paBHSIeTC51 MeHbIlIeMY I<aHOHe. EeCKOHe'lJHbIe

§
.noca

53.

3HaH

MOMeHT M MHTepBaJI

BCTyriiieHH$I

M ero

npOJlOJI)KI1TeJIbHOCTb, Mbl MomeM JlOKOH'lJBTb Ha'lJaTbIH

B MY3blKaJIbHOH

narepa-

upeaxymecrseaao
oriner-raer

KaHOHM'lJeCHMX ceHBeHUMH) TeCHOH MMUTaUMH. 'lJTO no KaHOHa. fIPM TeM,

'OObIKHOBeHHO HalJl1HaIOTCH C OqeHb :_;pe3BbIlJaHHOCTM ynpaxorenaax

COlJMHeHMe raxoro MomeT 6blTb

06JIerQeHMe liP

nOCTMrHYToeme

'ITO MOMeHT BCTynJIeHHH nnymero. 'HbIM

npeJlOCTaBJIS1eTC51 YCMOTpeHMIO na-

ECJIH B ,llaHHOM MeCTe npeJlCTaI1JIS1eTC51 3aTpy.nHHTeJIbH JlByM rOJIOCaM, aropoe TO BCTynJIeHHe

HOHTpanYHHTMpOBaHHe rOJIOca (a B

MHMMoro

HaHOHe, rne

paCCTOS1HMe BCTYOTOJlBHraeTC51 JlO • HeT Ha)J.oeHocTH nOJIiI{HO 6bITb

,nJleHHS1 60JIbIlle

nepBoro-BcTynJIeHHe

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·60JIee Y.D.OOHOrOMOMeHTa.

§
.Memny

55.

Ilpa
M

COlJHHeHMH nOJl06HOrOKaKoHa TO paCCT051HMe, xoropoe 6bI HH 6bIJIa

3apaHee R

onpeneaars

liP.

KaKOBa

BeJIH'lJ(OlHa sroro IIP·t'e scerna aa

paCCT051OJlHOM R

!iH51, MHHMblH
,¥qeHHe 0 K8HOHe.

rOJIOC npenIllecTByeT

50
TOM me OT aee paCT05IHI1Ii, H scerna OTCTOI1T OT P paBHOM paCCT05IHI1IO Men{,UY P paBH¥H nepBOMY Ii

R
OT-

11JIll

B CBoeM 60JIee

06rueM

BI1,l1,e:

aa I1HTepBaJI nacari,

HHTepP .:::0:::::_' __

BaJIY BCTynJIeHI15I.

Hasaaas liP,

KaHOH,Ha,ll,O

BbInHCaTb

,lI,eJIbHOMHHMblH rOJIOC (,lI,JIHHa ero, ,lI,O MOMeHTa BCTynJIeHl15I PH T.-e rne

KaK H3BeCTHO, npOCTI1paeTC5I

paBH5IeTC5I paCCT05lHHIO Me)H,lI,Y rrpennonoxceao sCTynHTb MHI1-

--~--

-_-eno

R ...
(~) "P

R).

ECJIH B TO,1 MecTe,

OT,lI,eJI paBH5IeTCH nOJIYTaKTY CJIe,ll,YIOIll,Hx HaHOHa nanacanu

KaHOHa BCJIe,ll,CTBl1eroro, H liP B 21

MOMY ronocy,

BCTpeqaIOTCH KaKHe-JII160 '3aTpynHeHHH sapaa 11 MHHMOMY ro.nocy

,lI,JI5IP-t'bII TO

paCCT05lHMe Me)l{,lI,Y BCTynJIeHH5IMH R

KOHTpanYHKTHpoBaTb BCTynJIeHHeM 60JIee nepaoro

H R-t'e,

co-

/2

lITO ABa

TaKTa.

O,ll,HOH cxeue:

MO)l(HO nonomnars

H BbI6paTb

,lI,JIH sroro'ITO pa3c P ~.

nO,ll,XO,ll,51Ill,HH MOMeHT.

Caao

C060IO pa3YMeeTC5I,

BCTynHT raTbC5I HHM OT n03TOMY

MHI1MbIH rOJIOC, BCTynJIeHHe no np0I13B0J1Y, a ronoca.

liP

yme

He MO)l{eT ClTO,ll,BHpaCCT05lyqaU\eMYCH,. HJIH

liP

BCTynHT cxexax,

B onpeneaeanox aanaaaexux

MHHMoro

'------.1
P R

--f*!---=o---R ...

npaKTHT.JHO BOBce He Hanp_, cxexa

R H .P. Tax sane:

yxaaanars

paCCT05lHI15l Me)l{,lI,Y B CJIe,ll,YIOIll,eM.

§ 51
A

MO)l{eT 6bITh nana

R ... "P

I10,ll,pa3YMeBaeTC5I, 'ITO Me)l{,lI,y CMe)l{HblMH HOTaMH O,ll,HOit H TOM me cxeusi paccroaaae no BpeMeHH O.llHHaK9~0_

56.

b)
beCKOHeT.JHhle KaHOHbI z-ro pa3p5l,ll,a C P-t'OIO ratoxe HM Mano nOBTOnpl1Me-

p5lIOIll,eIOC5I aa O,ll,HI1X H rex H5IIOTC5IB COT.JHHeHH5IX,KaK pa3p5IJI.a. npemaexy

zce crynenax,
H

aHaJIOrH'IHble

KaHOHhl

r-rono ac-

Ilpaaenex
HJIH

He60JIbIllOe

KOJII1T.JeCTBO npHMepO'B,

ueJIliKOM

3al1MCTBOBaHHblX na YKa3aHHblX na 3aHMCTBosaHHhIe *l?~ orryna

TOlIHHKOB, I1JIH aanacaausrx

reasr,
II

a)
"''2.06.
~.

P
1

tJ

I~

~i'-----t"-----r-

--f'-R

---.:

,-.-,..

.,
o

Cxexa

aroro

HaHOHa cnenyromas:
R ...

(~)

R"

¥£±£j
"uP

rllABA V.
hmmllllljlfHblA

53
(Eme
KaHoH:}

2-x-rOJlOCHbIA HaHOH2-ro paspHAa c P·t'OIO, nepeIft'lUHlA8MOIOaa APyrMe ClyneHM (HaHOHMileCHaHceHBeH~MH 2·ro paapRAa).

c)

§ 57. Bee pa3JIHlJHe B cxeae sroro RaHOHa co exeMOIO npenunymero ,CBO.1J.IITC~ TOMy, lJTO ~lle!l!>_1_c£ R Rg!9_P9.~!y~~~"!~J.J\g!~!!~,l!aQT"'l"QH,.,.<;,, .... RaKQii JH~TYIIa,~~g:,Bo scea OCTaJIbHOM cxeaa eOCTaBJIHeTCH COBepweHHO TaK iKe, RaR H cxexa npenmecrnyromero RaHOHa. Onpenenenae MOMeHTa H HHTepBaJIa BCTynJIeHH5I MHHMoro rOJIOca

(§ 52

H CJIe.1J.YIOIlI.He),noP ...

pH~OR ero

COlJHHeHHH,YCJIOBH5I ero

TPYJl.HOCTH HJIH JIerKOCTH-~

ace, npaxeaseaoe R RaHoHY. rne P OCTaeTC5I na MecTe, npHMeHHMO raroxe H R KaHoHY, rne OHa nepe.1J.BHraeTC5I na .1J.pyrHe cryneaa, <I>OPMY nepBoro H3 3THX RaHOHOB MOiKHO paCCMaTpHaart, RaK lJaCTHbIH CJIYlJaH cpOpMbI sroporo: B lJHCJIe B03MOiKHblX nepe,1J;BHiKeHHH P-t'bI HaxoAHTCH H nepensaareaae aa HHTepSaJI pasaua HyJlIO, T. e. npHMy. § 58. ITepeXOJl.HM K npHMepaM H HX cxeaax. CJIeJlYIOIlI.aH KaHOHHlJeCRa51 ceKseHUH5I aarracaaa no cxexe:
~ RI "----/I--e---.J
I

--~=

(.a)"p

-~§

"P

~---

-"

R ...

.N~75.

a)

CJIeJl.YIOIlI.HH

RaHoH,

aa
R

HCKJIlOlJeHHeM H

t56JIbWerO no

paCCTOHHHH BO

MeiK.1J.Y BCTynJIeHHHMH "pOlJeM CXO.1J.HOH C

liP nocrpoen npensrnyuteti:

cxexe

scea

KaHoB

c P, rrepenaararomejoca
.M76.

if--F~Ff.r I rl.r J !J i¥

R o

P "(e\

na xsapry:

~)

g)

b)

Josquin.
(G. D.287)

~.~~~;;·ditt!~W#JF ~ f rei gi;J!;p I

1,-:-3

~:-J

)R"l uP

--6

'I

R p~'--~=;=t;X'
~

0-=
i

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R ...

'(~)

§ 59.
crena

KaHOHHlJeCRaH-ceKBeHLlIIH

2-ro

pa3pH.1J.a ( BKJIIOlJajJ na O,nHHX H

H KaHOH C P-t'0I0,

nOBTOpHIOIlI.eIOCH

rex me

54
paspsna; :UOnyCKaT~ BHnOH3MeHeHHH, COCTOHllJ,HeB TOM, qTO liP BCTynMT C npyroH cryneua. BCJlenCTBHe 3TOrO H3MeHMTCH nopnnox nepeCTaHOBiH B- ceKseHUMM. 3TH BM,ZJ;oM3MeHeHMH xoryr 6blTb cnenania B TOM cnyxae , eCJlM MHHMOe coenanenae (P R...) nOnYCRaeT npHMyIO nepeCTaHOBRY npM OnHOM M3 !IV. Torna aa MHTepSaJl COOTBeTCTSYIOllJ,MH 3TOMY Iv xozcer 6blTb npnnaaayro M BCTynJleHHe liP.
cTyrreHHX) MOmeT, nOn06HO KaHOHY

ss
r-ro § 6r.MHHMOe COenHHeHHe B.npH,Mep_e nepecranonxy IIpH Iv= -2 H npa Iv= 2:
c)

§ 58 (N!!

7;1.)nae'r

.a- .
OTCIOna

JJ

rf r

~~~r~;§i~~~' (.N'2:.

J3.Q3b¥,el\1, H.l'\.f1P~MIH1MO€!~.o~~HH~HMe 113.~aHOHWI€CROH CeJ(BeH79)··,C.oeiUirHeHMe_3r.O~OnYCKileT l1epen~~~{~!,I1T

CJle.uYIOllJ,He BHnOH3MeHeHHH 3TO" RaHOHHqeCRoit CeK-

T. e. MHIiMbJH

ro.noc
:

'\

~80.

OTCIOna

liP

MomeT

6b1Th

nepennaayra

raxace na

+3

M RaHO-

6~~--- la J r r~'JJ)--tJ,$ J J If' r't____/f"rr~ • J 2J!l JJ I ---Rf rr

u·

1,,= 2_~~

Ilf

•• ,

62.

MHHMoe

COenl1HeHHe B I<aHOHnqeCKOH HMHTaUHH d) nepecranosxy npa

'§ 58 (N!!

73) nonycxaer

Iv=-

2:

~]'
§ 60. coenaaenae
ITPH TOM me

1,,=-2,.

lr .,

Iv

nonycxaer

nepensmnenae

MHHMoe

B KaHOHMqeCKOH cexaeana

b) § 58 (M

71).

i'l~~';:
Ilepecraaosxa
-rare aa TO me ROJIMQeCTBOIIP-t'b1 nacr HOBhIH BapHaHT 3TO" ceKBeHUHu:

pe3YJIb-

:N;78.
~ '_I

':t~

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R T. A·

i~ f

1,·:-

h:-1..- .
3. ~ --~

I~

i fl

. I'

56 OI'ciOJltl ABe
cJIeJlyfOmHe

57
CeKBelfu:ua:
.3Ta B03MomHOCTb

nepexona
ecrs

KatIOlHl'IeCKOH

ceRBeHUHH B oeeB3rJIHJla.

KOtIe'lHblH

KaHOH nonrsepsmaer

npaBHJIbHOCTb roro

'lTO oeCKOHelJHbIH KaHOH Ce1<BeHUHH.

lJaCTHbIH CJIYlJaH RaHOHH'leC1<O»

~8:. d ~
§
B

J~JI
R

;~r~ W
I I"

§ 66. ECJIH ncer nepenra B

1<aHOHHlJeC1<aSl Ce1<BeHUHH, lmJlOH3MeHSlSlCb,MOoeCKOHelJHbIH 1<aHOH,TO H

naooopor-c-oecxonYTeM B 1<aHOHH-

HelJHblH KaHOH MomeT npeBpaTHThCSI TeM

me

JF J r i .'r r .
I

9'

qeCKYKt ceKaeHUHIO. OlJeBH1UW, qTO Ram.nOe nepexeuieaae

"P·t'bl

otipantaer
HaHOHa He

oeCRoHettHiJH

RaHOH B

censeamno,

Hoene

MHorottMc-

.TleHHbIX npnaepoa, HHlJHMCH OJlHHM

anecs

npHBeJleHHbIX, Ta1<Oe BHJlOH3MeHeHlle

§ 64.

npaxepe

nYC1<aeT nepeCTaHOB1<Y npH

f) § 58 (N2 75) Iv= I:

MHHMoe COeJlHHeHHe no-

xoxrer COCTaBHTh uaxaxoro 3aTpYJlHeHHH. MbI orpanpaaepox. EeC1<OHelJHblH 1<aHOH b) § 56 (~2 67) nonycxaer B MHHMOM COeJlHHeHHH nepeaaamenae npa IV=3. BCJIeJlCTBHe aroro OH nepexonar B cJIeJlYIOIll.YIO KaHOHHlJeC1<YIO
£e1<BeHUHIO:

'lTO

naer
~;84.

CJIeJlYlOllIYIO Ce1<BeHUHIO:

:P:/. rJ r iF'f,"1VJ :~fF Jt -~/rr';JrIf J1f~Aplf. J I·· .

I

§ 67. Te BHJlOH3MeHeHHSI,KOTOPblM Mbl IIo.1\BepraJIH oecHouesnue KaHOHbl II 1<aHOHHlJeCKlle Ce1<BeHUHH, RaCaJIHCb nnrepaana BCTynJIeHHH, H3MeHSlIOIll.erOCH BCJIeJlCTBHe nepenaaarenas
"P-t'M.
ll1.ellcSJ Yr1()AHlhe~ B gaHJlJOtJeHlfe 0 BHlloMaMelIelllfH, IIS'i' l'IIem.ny BCTYflJl€HHHMIi: ECJlH 8 cefillelH1I1H; 1-1'0, IIkHMhtfi OTROCSIII

E~
i .a.

§ 65. 113

KaHOHHlJeCROH

Moe COeJlHHeHHe ltoTOPOH

naer nepecrauoany npa Iv= ...... 3:

cexseunaa

g) § 58 (N2 76), MHII-

no p a c C l' ()Sf}t nanpaaneaaa.

60J11.llte Ita

R
0

,,P. Kanepel:!'

HOH'H'leCKall CEH(llelJUHH MO}i\e1' 61>11'& JlHOI'Jla C1ka'l'a II ropH30HTfi)fl.JWM llBHHy't BCTyn1felhHt

IKa
,'IT6 )',

!F
na

renee

I'~e

HH'tepllliJ1

Momef

6biTh

OJUur o'r,l1.eJI SJlenO, t(l MomeT

na 'to me

npccrpaacrao

B TOM JI{e HanpaBJIeHHH CTBHe sero OT npyra c)

OblTh nOJlBHHYTa H

liP,

BCJleJlJlPyr

nOBTopeHHSI ee OYJlYT OTCT051Tbaa MeHbllIee nanp., MlIHMblH rOJIOC

nOJIYlJaeTCH CJIeJlYIOIll.HH 6eC1<OHelJHbIH1<aHOH,BCJIe.l1.cTBHe roro,

npOCTpaHCTBO. TaK

B KaHOHH'leCKOH ceRBeHIIHH

6y.ny-qIf

nepeeraanena aa rex

nOBTopeHHeM

-3,

flBJUJeTcSIoYKftaJIt:.HblM

§ 58 (N2 72)

:Nf85....

IIt
p

~J.J

me

caaux

cryneasx.

Jd
1,'=-4.

F 'ltiEIrtE

~M¥4.-:..

R ... :

! F.;i¥+lEf==
lIP

I~

~L::

J J af

ri r

!'J'

S8
MomeT 6hITb nO,IlBMHyT

.'r
t

aa

O.IlMH.:OT.IleJI BJIeBO, a HMeHHO:

..::i
I~ -e-.

lC

"·

t .. rf
rauoro
)f(e CMe.UJ;eHHft
,

8J tJ J
,-,

3-ro "P:;t'hl

.naer

B03.MO)f{HOCT.bj

nocpencrsca

nOJIY'lHTb:

ceKseHUIHO

BHOBQMBfI.lI:e:

, H T.;a:.

3Ta

nepe.IlBI1HYTaH

liP

MomeT

B CBOIO oqepe.Ilb

.IlOnYCTfITh

xossre

IWM6HHaUijM

CJle.IlHeM npHMepe

Iv =~, lJTO naer

~t'88.

, ...",r.:..,~J_
I ,I",
,1 ~ :;~ ;~

'!~
J
,,-

nOCpe.IlCTBOM BepTMKaJlbHOrO MHHMhIM

nepenaaareaas.
6bITh nepe.IlBMHyT

B nonpH

ronoc

MomeT

4ACTb BTOPA51
MHO

CJle.IlYIOIUYIO ceHBeHUHIO:

IP "Qa
,.r t r"
'., ,
I

r0 r0

J1 0 C H hI

t1

K A H 0 H.

-&.

4W{IJ r

J:-?tjJJ n, t:-P--,--,'. ,r r" , ," '

, It,.

".

<

'J_--L.i.

Mhl!

§, 68.,:Ha.

::rfQM' ?,~KOHHMM, OTJJ.e.a. ~-x-rOJIOCHbIX

OTJ],eJle C J.l.eJleUMeMKaHQHOB ~

xaaoaos.
na. nna

ijCTpeTl1:JIltCI:!,a'0TOM I.,

pa3p~JJ.a;i YgeHMH,' Q

xoropoe, xasoae,

(5.yneT: npnaeneuo H' B ,Q.CTaJIbHhlXlJaCJ:H,l{ ITpHelllhl CO~lMtIeHIlH KaHQHM'leCJ(Mx .axara.

IUiM..: ,c;rw;rophlMll
XOJJ.HM.,

;MbI :I;l.CTpeTl1JJiUCll B aTOM KaH08ax,.

.orne.ne,

OYJJ.YT.npM~

l\leH5;lTIP;4R ;1<1': B' MHOrorOJIOC8hIX'

x.xoropsra

MI>I

anepe-

OT.llEJI B.

3-x-

4-x-rOJIOCHbI~ KOHE1JHbnl KABOB I-ro rJIABA VI.

MHororonOCHblH HaHOH (o6m1l8

2-ro PA3PHHA.

nOHRTIIR).

§ 69. B
iB

npenurecreysomea

OT.neJIe 6J,IJIO M3JIO)l{eHO YlJeHMe 06'eMe. OHO BKJIlOlJaJIO aa MaJIOe

'0 2-X-l'OJIOCHOM

RaHOHe B flOJIHOM ero

ce6H

RaHOHhl xoneuasre 3HalJeHMe

H OeCKOHeQHhIe. HeCMOTpH KaHOHa 6eCKOHelJHOrO no.nP06HO,

nparrrasecxoe

B c06CTBeHHOM PYKOBO.nCTBYHCb H MMeHHO KOHTpanYHKTa npOCTeMUlHX, nepexonart, HaHOH

CMblCJIe, MbI M3JIO)l{MJIM ~TOT OTueJI C006pa)l{eHHHMH ·CJIe.nYIOlll.MMM. K KaHOHaM JlByxrOJIOCHbIX, npeHMYII~eCTBeHHO

nenarorasecaaaa nOJlBHiHHOro

Tlpa
H

npHMeHeHHH HaqaTb TOJIbKO

Heo6xoJlMMO

C ynpa)l{HeHMM C HHMH,

OCBOHBIIlHCb TeM,HOHelJHhlM

,I{ MHOrOrOJIOCHhIM. ~" ..!p~6yeT BOBce

Mexrny

2-X-rOJIOCHblM

npMMeHeHM~noiiBHR:\HOrO

ROHTpanYHI{Ta. 2-X-fO-

OTCIO.na HBJIHeTCH He06xoJlHMOCTb JIOCHOrO 6eCHOHelJHOrO

aasars

ynpascaeaaac

HaHOHa, XOTH nOCJIeJlHH.MJIHUlh B $opMe OTHQUleHHe H HaHOHY

RaHOHHlJeCHOM ceHBeHUHH HMeeT Henoc;:peJlCTBeHHoe

.f\

HOMn03HUHM.

3TH

C006pa)l{eHHH

HenpHMeHHMbl

MHororoJIOCHOMY. 3-x-rOJIOCHblX, pa3HQo6pa3HblX n03liUHH JIeMYIQ

l(~!i«?!lbl!>lH<?_rorOJIQC.Hhle, B~(HUla.HC J{.OHelJl{blX no.nBH)I{HOrO BMeCTe HOHTpanYHRT.a. B C TeM Ca,MbiX npuMeHeHIUIX. 60JIbUIOe OHH H lI.JIH RO.)I-

Tpe6YIOT

liMe.IOT osem,

3HalJeHHe, COCTaBJIHH HeOT'eMrexaaxa npe-

npHHa1l.JIemHOCTh crpororo

KOHTpanYHHTHlJeCKOM HCB06oJlHOrO

_j}<HHxJ(aCTepOB

IlHCbMa.

TO Bp.e¥H

RaR ROHeLJHbIMH RaHOHHLJeCRHMH HMHTaUfHIMH TpanYHRTHLJeCRHe COLJHHeHH5I CTpOrOrO xeprra'n,

aanonaeau npaaepu
aa

ROH-

§ uiyro

71.

TaRHMo6pa30M, npa

paccroaaas

BCTyn.neHHH HMeIOT 60Jlbpa3pH)la, R HOTOPOMY ero npn-

H CB06oJI.HOrO nacsua ace-

Bail\HOCTb

onpe)le.neHHH

H MhI C H36bTTROM MOmeM B03MO)f{Hble cnyxaa nesasre RaHOHbI

H3 HHX

Ha)lJIe)f{HT

RaHOH, a, CJIeJI.OBaTe.nbHO,H cnocooa

COqHHeHH5I.

ROHeLJHblX RaHOHOB, MHOrOrOJlOCHbJe 6ecRo(aa HCI{JlJOLJeHHeM RaHOHHLJeCRHX ceRBeHUHt1)

CXOJJ:CTBOH· paanasae 6YRBaMH, TaR lJTo6b1

B 3THX pacCTOHHH5IX Mbi 6YJJ:eMBblpail\aTb 6IJ.n0 cpasy BHJJ:HO,R KaROMY pa3pSlJly

HB_lJ5IJOTC5I nann, parype 6bIBllIHX llIHX H cxopee

RaR peJI.ROe HCRJlJOLJeHHeB MY3bIRaJlbHOa OTHOC5ITCH R paapsny ueXOBbIX pa60T

JJHTe-

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Ra6HHeTHbIX.

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H HepaBHble-pa3JIHLJHbIMH Ha 3TOM 6YRBaMH, B noOCHOBaHHH 3-x-ro.nOCHbIH

na HHX csoe

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nOJI.uep)f{lmaBllIHX HOCTH_

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OJI.HOJO H3 Jl.ByX <pOpMyJl: aa-RapacCTOHHHHMH, Tpe6yIOIll.HH npH-

CI<l1x ceRBeHUHa MbI HaXOJI.HMB Be.nW!aHllIHX My3b1RH, a IIpHMepbI Ill.eaC5I aa 06pa30M npexmax 6eCROHeLJHblX xecrax,

RaHOHOB C

P,

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ROHTpanYHRTa, HepaBHbIMH,

H ab-RaHOH

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B YLJe6HHKax_ 3TO

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B npHMeHeHHH

ROHTpanYHRTa

ropH30HTaJlbHO-IIOJI.BHiI\HOro.

MaeMoe~~~~~_:I__!!_bIrvr~_"I\iHororo.l0CHbIMH RaHOHaMH, 6.narouap51 3HalJeHHJO OJI.HOBpeMeHHO H JI.JlJI ueJIea .nea npenOJI.aBaHHH, rOJIOCHhle nocnyacano ,I{JlSl Hac HaHOHbI 60Jlee I10BOJI.OMBbiAeJIHTb

LJaH 4-x-rOJIOCHOrO abb, HHiI\e abc.

RaHOHa 60.nee MHOrOLJHc.neHHbI: aaa, aba, aab, H3 HHX HMeJOT CBOH nonpaaaeneaas, 0 LJeM

HOMn03f:1UHH H JI.JI5Iue-

Hexoropue

,~ OU~H OTJI.eJI H_H3JlOil\HTb C B03MO)f{HOJO nOJIHOTOIO.·· 3-X6 e C H 0 H e-lJ H bI e raroxe xparxo.

6YJI.eT rOBOpHTbC51 nOJlp06HO.

crpynnaposaau MhI OCTaHaB.nH-

B OJI.HH OTJI.eJI, HO H3JIOmeHbI BaeMCH Ha HHX cpaBHHTe.nbHo 3HaLJeHH5I HX B npHMeHeHHH HHe B 3TOM OTHOllIeHHH HHLJeCRHX ~eRBeHUHH.

3-x-rOnOCHbJIi nlleHM"

KOHe'tHbIH (aa).

KaHOH

1-ro

paapRAa.

Pac,cToRKMn

BCTy-

MaJIO B BHJI.y rOpa3JI.O MeHbllIero R ROMn03HuHH, TaR RaR HCRJIIOLJerpynna RaHOJI.Ba paapsna, C ROTOPbIM Mb}

OAMHaHOBbl

npMM8H8HM8 HOHTpanYHHTa.

BepTMKallbHo-nOABH)f{HOrO

MOil(eT COCTaBHTb aaun,

72.

KaR

HaM Y)f{e H3BeCTHO

(§ 22),

R I-MY

pa3pHJJ:Y, rpeROHTpanYHKTa,

6YJOIll.eMY npHMeHeHHH BepTHKa.nbHo-nOJI.BHiI\HOrO OTHOCHTCSIace O.llHHaROBbI, qTo6bI rra re

§
anepaue

70• L(eJIeHHe

HaHOHOB aa B ysenaa see yseaae

RaHOHbI, B ROTOPblX paCCTOHHHH BCTYIIJIeHHH aupaaceaae: TaROif aa. n.n51 'roro, He omynsto, OTLJeT KanOH

BCTpeTHJIHCb

0 6eCROHeqHOM 2-x.rOJIOCHOM 0 RaHOHax MHOrOrOJlOCHbIX. HaHOH npaaanneaepraaansaopaCCTOHHHHX no

'ITO H YRa3bIBaeT

RaHOHe, npOXOJI.HT sepes rIPH )I(HT

6b1Tb B COCTOHHHH nacarr,

OJI.HHaROBbIX paCCT05IHHHX R I-MY pa3pH.lly H 'rpetiyer

BCTynJleHHH

a BilOJIHe C03HaTeJIbHO,

HY)f{HO npeaoie

scero

JJ:aTb eerie

npHMeHeHIUI pa3JIHLJHhlX pa3pHJI.y

B ,TOM, RaRHe ;tByxro.nocHbIe

COeJI.HHeHH51 HBJlSIIOTCHB HeM nepnepHaHTli

n0.llBHiI\HOrO BCTyrrJleHf:lfl-OH npasaaaa

ROHTpanYHRTa.

I1PH

BO~-!aQaJlbHbIMH, HaRHe npOH3BOJJ:HblMH, H CRO.nbRO xanmoe 'BOHaLJaJlbHOe HMeeT npOH3BOJlHblX. re Ilocne aroro Hyil\HO

OTHOCHTC5I HO 2-MY

H nHIIleTCH

ropH30HTaJIbHO-nOJI.BHiI<HOrO Mbi BCTpeTHMCH

ROHTpanYHHTa.

4-x-ro-

IIv,

ROTOPblMH H OilpeJI.eJIHIOTCH· YC.nOBHH, no RaRHM JJ:aHHhlH 6bITb aanacaa. KaR MbI 9TO yBHJlHM HH)f(e, JJ:.n51 TOJlbRO OJI.HH Iv. 3TOT lJero RaHOH B neiiROHTpa6b1Tb

JlOCHOM RaHOHe B l\OTOPbIX npaaeaeaan caysaa

CO CJIyqaHMH. CMellIaHHbIMH, B HaHOHe H CXOJI.HblX OJI.HOBpeMeHHoro BHJI.ax. 3TH B 060HX

RaHOH nomxea 3-x-rOJIOCHOrO

OJI.HOBpeMeHHoe nOJI.BHmHOro

npHCYTCTBHe HOHTpanYHTa

RaHOHa rpeoyerca

scero

If pa3JIHlJHblX

paCCT05IHHa BCTynJleHHH rpeoyer

Iv

MOil(eT

OblTb paBHbIM

HyJlIO, acnencrsae

CTBHTeJIbHOCTH 6YJI.eT nacarscs nyHRTa.

no npaBH.naM npOCToro RaHOHa

Mbl 6YJI.eM OTHOCHTb TaRiI\eHO npH3HaRoM xo'roporo.

BTOPOMY pa3pHJI.Y, xapaHBHTCSI,c.neJI.OBaTeJlbHO.

Creneas

TPYJJ:HOCTH xaxrnoro QHa

MO)f{eT

RTepHCTHqeCRHM npHCYTCTBHe

onpeJI.e!,eHa I~a3aTe.neif

aapaaee.

3aBHCHT OT CTeneHH

TpYJJ:HOCTHno-

ROHTpanYHRTa

ropH30HTaJIbHO-nOJI.BHmHoro.

H OT HX xacaa.

nepBOHa'CUbHbl8

H npOll3BO,D,Hble

C09.D,HH8HMR

B 3-x-rO"OCHOM

;Nt

89.

HOHe'CHOM KaHOHe.

"
tJ

II

§ 73. TpeXrOJIOCHbIH KaIlOH HMeeT .!I,Be Rvt'u, no nopansy

cCTynJIeHH5I 0603HaQaeMbIe: R I H R 2. TIpH 0603Ha4eHHH OT.!I,eJIOB Ka)J{.!I,OrO ronocoa JIHTepaMH, MbI 6Y.!l,eM oxono JIHTepbI H3 oCTaBHTb uaqipy TaH R-t'bJ, KaTopOH .!I,aHHbIHaT.!I,eJInpHHaII.JIexcar. l1a3TaMY aT.!I,eJIbIRi-t'u 6Y.!l,YT a6a3HaqaTI,C5I JIHTepaMH: A; BI CI H T. J\., OTneJIbI R2-t'bI-JIHTepaMH A2 B2 C2 H T. n. JIHTepbI, He cortpouoxutaexsre UlIq>paMH, 6y.!l,yT aTHaCHTbCH K aT.!I,eJIaM Pvt'sr. PaCCMaTpHM CJIenYIO:rn;ylO cxexy 3-x-raJIaCHara J<aHOHa r-ro

I ....

~
A,

:
I

P
A

~
I

II

_j

paapsna:
"2 B2 C2 02, Ez
A, AB,ODE 8, C, 0, E,
A

R2

(.p••SIIOJO;Koe

"p.

Iv= 2)

to
I

n.

tJ

IL
t'l.

A~

lMIL.J.

_,...-H,

KaBoH HaQHHaeTC5Iornenox A, JiCnaJIHHeMbIMP-t'Ol0. TIpH 13CTynJIemm RI 1l00JIYQaeTCH onuoapeaeaaoe coenaueaae orne.JIOBA H B (a HMeHHa AI B). Co. BCTynJIeHHeMR2 naJIYQaeTC5I coenaaeaae Tpex aT.!I,eJIaB A, B H C (A2 BI C). OQeBH.!I,Ha, '-ITO nnepaue na}JBHBIIIeeC5I B BH.!I,e At B coenaneaae 3TI:lX nsyx aT.!I,eJIaB nOBTOpHTC5I npH Ka)J{.!I,aM BCTynJIeHHH noaon Rvt'u. ECJIH 6bI KaHaH 6bIJI 4-x-rOJIaCHbIH, TO rrpa IkTynJIeHHH Rs npOH30UlJIO6l>l coenaaenae OTneJIOBAs, B2, Ci Ii D, Ii TaImM o6pa30M coenaaeaae A B n05lBHJIaCb ObI B TpeTHH pa3. Flepsoe n05lBJIeHIie coenaaeuas .!I,ByX aT.!I,eJIOB (AI B), 13 COCTaBxoroporo BXOnHTP, .z.r.aJI)J{Ha paCCMaTpHBaTb K<I.KnepBOHaqaJIbHOe, a Kamnae n013TapeHHe rex )J{e ornenos MeiHllY R-t'aMH, KaR era npoasaonaoe. B 4-x-rOJIaCHaM xanoae opaH3BanHbIX or AI B OhlJIO 6b1 .!I,Ba,B n5lTHrDJ,IaCHaM-TpH Ii T. 11· Boa6IUe Ka)J{naecaeJ.l.lmeHHe RR-t Memny cotioro ec'rs coenaHeHHe n pO Ii 3 Ball H 0. e. KaJIH4eCTBa npoaasonaux nasaoro . "'. - . nepsoaasaasuoro coenaaeuax B KafIOHe r-ro paspana paBH5IeTC5J '-IHCJIYne BCTYllHBIUMX euie RR-t 3TOraKaHQIHl. § 74. B03bMeM HaqaJIO 3-x-rOJIOCHara xaaona ico caenyro.U~HMHBCTynJIeHM5IMM:

II

++ +

:
I

...
•
.r: ,I

II

'--'

".
'tl
.1In

B2 L

II

"'.
I

C,

r-

t---..

..
itl
1 .....

t5

'"
I

c~
·1 D,

COe,Il.HHeHHe OT,Il.eJlOB Al BCTynJleHHH

Ri,

+ B,

anepaue

nOJlY'lHBWeeCH

npH

T .V~2

HenOCpeJI.CTBeHHo 3aTeM npH

nOHBJl5IeTCH Mem,Il.y

fie
.no

IV=8

npOK3BOAHoe

(T3.HThJ

10-12)

J J J III f'---f
noxa
6YlIeT

06eHMH R-t'aMH 3TH

BCTynJleHHH R2. CpaBHHBaH MemJI.Y BH,Il.HM, 'ITO BTopoe no

cotioio
5ICHO, 'ITO

.,

naa

COe,Il.HHeHHH, MhI

OTHoweHHIO

K nepBOMY

ecrs

npOH3BO,Il.HOe npH

Iv

= 2:

~'jl£~~~r~' ~r~~~~tJ

;N!90.

~(z±tt~~;E' ~_~I

J
V~"T'A'

JI.JlHThCH KaHOHHlJeCRaH HMHTaI(H», TOM

rex

nop

B O,Il.HHaKOBOM nOpH,Il.Ke H npH

me Iv

6Y,Il.YT

nepeCTaBJlHTbCH O,Il.HO3a

npyraa
R-t'h1.

see

nOCJle,Il.YIOIUHeCOe,Il.HHe-· MomHO CKa3aTb,

P + Rl

HH"

OT,Il.eJlOB P-t'hI

003TOMY

COCTaBJlHIOT nepaoaasam.aoe

COe,Il.HHeHHe, a

Rr

+ R2 ero-

'ITO'

npOH3BOJI.HOe,'ITO H ~p.
.ep •••••

nupazeaerca
+R~,
a•• lloe

CXe~laTHqeCKH TaR:
1Ipo.a.o".oe

~R2

fIepBOHaqaJlhHOe Iwe-Rl

+ R2.

Coe,Il.HHeHHe ecrs

P + Ri,

ero

npOH3BO,Il.COe,Il.H-

Cxeua
HOHa HHMaeT

9Ta Ta me,

'ITO H JI.Jl5I ·x-rOJlOCHOrO 2

6eCKOHeqHOrO

y'laC'fByeT

TOJlhKO B nepBOHaqallhHOM

HeHHH, R2 -OHa

TOJlhKO B npOH3BO.il.HOM. qTO

11 B nepBOHaqaJIhHOM,

xacaercs

,Il.0

Ri,

r-ro paapsna,
snecs
R2.

C TOIO TO,,'lbRO pa3HHQeH, 'ITO MeCTO

xaliP aa-

TO

ysacrayer

H B npOH3BO,Il.HOM. OTMe-

THM, 'ITO HHTepBaJIhI,

aa xoropue

OT,Il.eJlhInepe,Il.BHraIOTCH H

reripaasecaas npnaeneumae
,Il.YIOIUeMY 3a

CyMMa ROTOPhIX JI.aeT Iv ,Il.Ba

= 8 - 6 = 2,

CyTh

anssnnecne-

§:75. Flpa scrynneaaa

HeHHe OT.!I.eJlOBA2 H"? B RaHOHe a,

anrepaana

Rvt'a,

+ c.

CBoeM R2 KaK

TaR

ocpasyer scrynaamaa A

C P-t'oIO R2

COe,Il.H-

ec'n, nocnenHe BCTpe'ratoxe He

TO 11 OT,Il.eJI A

HHr..u.e 60Jlbille CC H

BCTynJleHHH.

CKa3aHHoe OTHOCHTeJlhHOAI

+ B npHMeHHMo
lv
=-0

rarose

THTCH,

CJle,Il.OBaTeJlhHO, H OlleBH,Il.HO, liTO

COeJI.HHeHHe He

HK

nOBTopHTCH.

nOBTopHTCH C2 +

nansaeatuae

Br

+ C,

3THM

coe,Il.HHeHHIO OT,Il.eJIOB rex B B ,Il.ByX R-t'ax TOM )l{e

'np".aBoJlHoe

me ronocax: nOpH,Il.Ke,

COe,Il.HHeHHH H R2, T. e. B2 + P P+R2 He MomeT Ho ero 6bITh

D,

H T. ,Il.• COe.ll.HHeHHe . TaK RaR

nOBTop5lIOIUeMycH

B TOM me 2:
IIpH

npoaasonasra,

TaK KaR B HeM yqaCTByeT

aa TaROM me paCCOSlHHH H npH

N! 91 "'
IV I.,n 1 I
n.

....

IT=2

P (§ 25).
P-t'hI I
no

HeJlh3H Ha3BaTh H nepaoaasam.aux,

, ·n·
'I II B2

__-...,

OHO He HMeeT npOH3BO,Il.HOro. {)TCIO,Il.a CJle,Il.yeT,'ITO COe,Il.HHeHHe C nOCJle,Il.HeIOB KaHOHe R-t'oIO (Ha naurercs B npOCTOM ROH-

'rparryaxre.

3TOll'! OCHOBaHHH B

2-X-rOJlOCHOll'! KOHetIHOll'!

~
B, .I

KaHOHe HeT I·i"~e 6h1J1o Ha,Il.06HOCTH B npHMeHeHHH nOJI.BH1I{HOrO KOHTpanYHRTa).

I

L.

lJ
t-.

'!'T r

.-¥A,

~.

fIpaBHJlO

3TO He OTHOCHTCHK KaHOHaM 6ecKoCJleJI.yeT

HeqHhlM, rne

aa

nOCJle,Il.HeH R-t'OIO

liP,

KOTopaH,

He

.' 1

--

-.,--,;=.
D

6y,Il.ytIH rO.'lOCOM BHOBh COqMHHell'!h1M,paCClI'!aTpHBaeTCH RaK R.

(113
. I oro

npeJI.h1JI.yIUero

cnenyer

raioxe,

'ITO B KaHOHax

KOHetIHhlX sa

_j

pa3p5l.ll.a xancnoe

COe,Il.HHeHHeP -t'sr nepBOHaqaJlhHhlX

C Ram,Il.OH H3 RR-t,

HCKJlIO'leHHell'! nOCJleJtHeH B KaHOHe, ecrr, sansaoe. KOJlHtIeCTBt

COe,Il.HHeHHenepBOHaCOe,Il.HHeHHHROHe4Ho-r0

KaHOHa paBHHeTCH tIHCJlY rOJlOCOB KaHOHa 6e3 ,Il.BYX).

§ 76.
BeJlH'lHHa

llJlH

nepaoaaxam.aoro

RI

Ha,Il.O onpenenars

Iv.
5*

Iv

HaXOJI.HTCHB 3aBHCHMOCTHOT

HRTepBaJIOB BCTY-

68
nJIeHHH M 6bIJIaHaMM JIOCHOrO I1HTepBaJI 6ecKoHelJHoro BbIHCHeHa npM (a MMeHHO H3yqeHMM KaHOHa z-x-rocexaeanaa). nepBoHa6YKBOIO m, KaHOHMqeCKOH

C OT.lJ.eJIaMll 06eHx nyaxr, npH

RR-t

npaBHJIhHhI:H

3-x-rOJIOCHbIH

ROHTpa-

b)

B TO me BpeMH C R1-t'0I0

BCTynJIeHMH Mem.ny HMeeTCH

.naHHOM

Iv,

a HMeHHO: (B1 K

M RI

(=coe.nMHeHMe

sansaoe)
,

rrepsoaauansasaa
n.

'ITO, !!Q_~~~HIO nyaxre, s--ooe liBa R-t'hl,

M 0003HaqaeTCH M R2 -

~2-t!;.Lg"I.]!;I,!!~U:1L..!L!!p'9£XP~, .
OT.neJIa npM B1 C BHOBh COOJIIO.lJ.eHMMrex noxa me

+ C)

OHa

Iv

nOCJIe.nHHe M MM OlIHTb

= +

otipaayercoemnreaae 2. He aano aa6blBaTh,

nepeaocarcs

..lS9HTpaYCJIOBMH

a MHTepBaJI

BCTYO.'leHMH Mem.II.Y RI

npOH3BOJl.HbIH H 060-

SlJa;qae'fCH 0YKaolO

Onpenexsex

H.a OCHQBallHM cpOpMyJlbI: K npOH3BOJl.HOMY nblCOThl

Iv = -

no 3TMM .nByM HHTepBaJIaM m

llHTepBaJIY

t ± n)

+ (±n).

Iv,

KOHTpanyHKTHpyeT MMHTaUH51 He TaKHM 3aTeJIe.

OT.lJ.eJIOM D M T• n., B

KaHOHM'leCKaH

no

3TOH cpopMyJIe rrepaonanepsoaa-

rrepeaner

csorionaoe
KaKOM

KOHTpanYHKTMpOBaHMe. KOHe'I-

npMKJJa.lU,IaaeTCH

me

cnOCOOOM nMIlieTCH r-ro

BCHKHH 3-x-rOJIOCHbIH ObI TO HM

'laJIb,HhtM, a1lHTWii e 06paTHhlM

3H'aKOM. ITpH

HOpMaJIbHOM COOT-

HhIH KaHOH

paapsna

npM

OhlJIO noxa-

nomeaaa
llaJlbHbIH

I\IeJIOnMH C BhlCOTOIO rOJIOca

(§

32)

aarepaas BC.Tyl1JIeHHH ec'rs MHTepBaJI rr 0 JI 0 m H T e JI hH bI it. Ero, CJIe.nOBaTeJIbHO, HymHo B3HTh C 3HaKOM MMHyca
M npHJIOmHTh K HHTepBaJIY 6blTb n po M 3 B o n HOM y. 3TOT nOCJIe.n-

§ 78. Iv
My 10.

npe.nbI.II.ymero MbI

KaHOHa MMeJI npI1Mep a

Teneps

npasenex
qaCTO

61HMH

MomeT

nepeCTaHOBKY 3TOT

npOTilBOnOJIOmHYIO, cTpororo

MJIH nOJIOmMTeJIbHbIM, B TOM

HJIM OTpHuaTeJIbHbIM. OJlHO HanpaHOT PH-

OH

nOJIO}l(MTeJIbHblH

cnysae,

Iv

nepecraaosxy n p H~ KaHOHa np~ Iy •. )Ja.:~.~eM MMeHH<z--npM. Iv .. . , ii---:>

'Ipe3BbI'IaHHO

BCTpe'IaeTCH nI1CbMa, T. e . 'lame

B~"KaftoHHlie'cRllx
qeM KaKoH-JIM6oV KOHTpanyHKTa Jl.yo.neKOHTpa-

'.

eCJIM MMeeT

fiMHTaU1nrxMacTepoB .II.pyro~~ He BhlKnK;qaH ORTaBhI. nI1MbI,

BJleSHe e nepBOHallaJIbHhIM U a r e JI b H bI H; liJIH naMHTH

HHTepBaJIOM

BCTynJIeHHH, n p OT M Bon cpOpMyJIy

ecna

IdX aanpaaneaae npe.II.UIeCTBYlOmylO

0 JI 0 mHO .. .n.om)JIHHTh

Booome
caMbIM

Iv = -

Iv = -7,
II, o6pa30M oOH3aH npocroro

nsoaaoro

T. e • .nBOHHOH KOHTpanyHKT CBH3aH C TeXHMKOH 3TOMY OT'IaCTM

MO}KHO

T8KHM

oripasox: Iv=-m+(±n)

TeCHhIM

-~ ~ ~ ~
RaI:fOHY, HMeKJHanpaBJIeHMH,

nYHKTM'leCKOrO CBOHX npaBMJI oexoacneaae

CTMJIH. OH K npaBHJIaM

OJIH30CThlO nenaromeio o6pa30M noxaynorpe-

KOHTpanYHKTa, JIerKHM,

C HHM

qpe3BbIlJaHHO

a rJIaBHHM

y.ng2ST~~:l:M_M.) I]peACTaBJIHeMbIMMMM.nJIH 3aTeJIH TpeoYIOT 6HTeJIbHbIe KaHomI'IeCKHe Inl'repBaJIbl KBMHTy M

MMHTaUHH. 3Toro oKTaBY. 3TO

ITpMl'd'eHH5! 3Ty meuy

<pOpMyJIy R npemnecrayonieay oaaoro

MMMTaUHM B HaM60JIee

HHTepBaJI:bl BcrynJIeHHH

nocnennee npe-

OOCTOHTeJlbCTBOnaer HMYllleCTBO nan

.II.BOHHOMYKOHTpanyHKTy

nyoneuaxu

.nBOHHbIM KOHTpanYHKTOM

OKTaBbI M 06'HcHHeT He ynycTMJIM M3

nOJlY'laeM:

Iv = - 6 +8 =
ROPRAOK

•
z,

qaCTOe ero

npMMeHeHMe.

ECJIH ObI TeopeTMKM Mem.ny no.nBMmHbIM OTqeT B rex npHMeHeHMe

sany
If

CBH3b, cymeCTBYlOmylO

KOHTpanYHKTOM rne KaHOXOTH ObI nnoalJTO H3

KaHOHOM, M

nasana

eerie

CJIylJaHX,

HH'IeCKOIO HMHTaUMeIO nHcaHMR HaHOHa. aoro KOHTpanYHKTa,

TpeoyeTcH TO 06bIlJHOe

YTBepm.II.eHHe,

scex
M no-

§ Tl- Ilpennrecrayiouraa KaHOH mrUIeTCH B, cJfenYlOmeM nepsnxe. CaQHHSeTOI Hallam,HnlH OTJl.eJI A (CJIe,ll,HTb no npaM:epy) K. nepeROCUTCH aa YKa3aHH~K MHTepBaJr B Ri-t'y. Ri-t'e .ltoRTpanyHKTHpyeT P npa Iv =2.. IloJIYlJaeTCH ceenaaeaae (At B) Iv = z. 06a- ::ITR omena nepeu&HTcH aa YKa3aHHbIe

llBOHHbIX 3TOMY

KOHTpa'llYHKTOB npeaaymecraeaao

HaMOOJIee

pacnpocrpaaeasua
H3YlJeHMH, 6bI

3aCJIymMBalOmMH OKTaBbI,

ec'rs

Jl.BOHHOH }(OHTpanYHKi RaTerOpMlJeCKOH,

He BbICKa3bIBaJIOCh

B CTOJIb

cpopMe H HatPHJl.Y C 3THM nOCJIeJl.HMM 6bIJI 6bl .ny~.neE-H~.bI, KOTO. bIH p oeccnopHo no OT-I

nOCTaBJIeH .nBOHHOHKoHTpanYHKT HOllleHHIO 3aHHTh nyH}(TO~ K KaHOHM'IeCKMM MeCTO nepBoe CpeJl.M

MMHTauiHIM

.noJImeHI

AI + HI. 3TMM .lJ.ByM OT.ItE!JIaM KOHTpauYUKTHpye'r. P O'I'JlCJIOM C npa COOJI.IO.neHMHCJIe.nYIOIUHX Jl.ByX ycnouan: a) JI lIf'ipa:3yeT

HHTepBaJIhl

B' 06e

R-t'hl,

06pa3YH

npOH3BO,ll.HOe

COeJlHHeHHe:

scex

npyr-ax

.nBOHHbIX KOHTpa-1
I

70
KaHoH, Mecc~ K KOTOPOMY M~ "Gia . nepeXOJI.HM, ec'rs m'hebbe Benedictus H3

Bsmamea aasano

COeJl.HHeHHH ,P

+R

H RI

+ R2,

71
qTO. naer JI.BOi1-

Ilanecrpaau
~e=-:-o

B03MOiRHOCThoOJlee HarJl51Jl.HO npencraaarr, HOrO KOHTpanYHKTa Jl.yOJl.eUHM~:

npaueaenae

fu chi
-..x.._0

cara" • HHTepBaJibI

BCTynJleHHSI B aTOM KaHOHe

caenyiomae:
-_

N!94.

lv=-4-7=-H.

_.
1·-P Xlx,84P

JP
::t-n
R, Iv=-H.
n.

(P+R,)

·,·1..PIJii" DJ
I

r-;.«.

cbl J d. ~ ~ J

rP~rffJfr. qlrr"d
~,~ ~
n,
J.

.
/"

II :rlftlFfu
(R,+R2)Iv=-u.

I: ~ ..JI~J'~rr~lr .. J
Ik-:~

t--.

_j

L'fiI'__~_Q

?-'_.

_b.

.-

I ~,_,:' f lilql· I rlrrr

J :

I"" I-wn--.

~.,

M f-J

II
...

:J7Jt "q=}ff..oi,;#r'~·r:'~, n
OnpeJI.eJlHM no TeM iKe JI.aHH~M senaaany eute He-

e u;.

'* r ~

~J~ ri~J'~kL~

I- rlr- rl F

I.,n
I

§ 79.

CKOJlbKHX IIv. P R, R2
-& n=5

UIU ..,.

t:f§tj
1Il:4

.,~
...

..
aaooopor,

Iv:-7+4=-8.

Iv=-4-8:-7.

Iv=-2-7:-II .

f-f,:

3JI.eCb M~ HaXOJI.HM no HHTepBaJiaM BCTynJleHHSI.MOiKHO, Iv no nOKa3aTeJlIO HaHTH HHTepBaJl~ BCTynJleHHSI. KaK YKa3aHO B OTJI.eJle2-X-rOJlOCHOrO KaHOHa Iv,noJlY,:, nJlIOC HJlH HHTepBa:JI BCTynJleHHSI MOiReT ObITb npOlf3.BOJlbaTO JI.eJlaeTCSI,6~JlO

(§

40).

Ilepsua

HOH BeJIHtIHHhl H HanpaBJleHH5,I. 0PHJlOiKHB. K aeay

I""

xaea

BTOPOH HHTep.BaJJBcTYOJle8HJI .(n anrepsana

=m

+ Iv).

MHHyc sroporo

YRa3hlBaIOT,. OJI.HHaKOBoe HJlH paa-

I.""

- ..._.~

JlHqHOe C

-- I

nepsua: HanpaBJleHUe,HMee~ aTOT HHTepaaJl. § 80. Hanpaxep, npH BCTYIIJlel:UiJIR-t'hl.B BepXHIQIO c.eKyHJI.y (_;, r) npn Iv =~ 9, ; B KaRoH HHTepBaJi BCTynHT R2
OTHOcHTeJlbHQ Rl?

73
OTBeT: B flHjJ{HlOlO HOHY: qaeM nepBbltt HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHHH (CM.B cnenyiourea (a). 3aTeM npauepe

~~"~;P~~~~~O~"~sS$~*~~~~
m=1 !V:-1-8:-9. n=-8-

MeCTa, oraexeaaae

OCTaeTCH OT HOThl 0003HaqeH-

Hott • OTJIO)l{lfTh BnpaBO HHTepBaJI no BeJIHqHHe H HanpaBJIeHHIO paBHhIH Hhle nepBOMY HHTepBaJIY BCTynJIeHHH (CM. MeCTa OTMetIeH-

(b) ).

TaK KaK I BCTynJIeHHe, KBHHTy (

9 =-

8.

KaKOH HHTepBaJI BCTynHJIa

npOH30IllJIO

6b1 3TO lv=-5

eCJIH Obi

Ri

OTHOCHTeJIhHO P B HH)I{HIOIO

'\a 4)?
B BepxHIOIO cexcry
S=:j;; ..... 2

~ (~5),
;?r0

Ie)

OTBeT:

TaK I<aK

4 - 9 =- 5
P

-$0
0)

.T.~.

til""'"
§ 81.
ilpHMeHHM B

R,

RII

(h)

m= Ii Iv:-li-& :-9.

n=--5

3THMH aeci.aa

HeCJIO)l{HhlMH

npaenaua

HaJlO

BnOJJHe

OCB0!lThCH, npexoie K npHMepaM

tJeM HTTH

nanee,

§ 79

crrocoti

onpeneneaan paBHhli!:

Iv,
m,

yxasaaaua

§ 41

H OTJIO)l{HM OT

Rs

BJIeBO HHTepBaJI

HO B3HTh)H B otiparuox

HanpaBJIeHHH.

KnaCC.,(jJMHa~HR 3-x-ronOCHbIX

KOH8'1HbIX HaHOHoa t-ro

paspRAa.
)laHHOM

lv~-? o -'"IS..
--&--

JLY+~

lv:-9

...*
oopaTHYIO 3aHymHo aa HOTe, COOT-

§ Iv
no TepBaJI

82. Pa3

nepasra

HHTepBaJI

BCTynJIeHHH npH

xoscer

OhlTh

B3HT npOH3BOJIbHOH

BeJIHtIHHhl, a BTOPOH HH-

onpenenserca

nepsua
nepBOMY 3-x-rOJIOCHhle

IU:lTepBaJIOM H nOI<a3aTeJIeM, TO HHTepBaJIY xoaesaue no nOpHJlRY: BCTynJIeHHH MomHO pas-

nOI<a3aTeJIIO H no

llmI
aasy, nocrynars

roro,

qTOOh1 3THM cnOCOOOM pemars )laHHoMY

I<JIaccH<ImUHpoBaTh psna. -

KaHOHhl r-ro

T. e. no

Iv

HaHTH HHTepBaJI BCTynJIeHHH,

PaCnOJIO)l{l1B nOKa3aTeJIH

IIv

CJIe)lYlOmHM oripaaoa. BCTynJIeHHIO )laHHoMY

Tlpeaute
B3HTh

scero

2 H T.

n,

= 0,

I,

'-1, 2, no no2-X-

H nepetIHCJIHB

JlJlH xaxmoro MorYT

H3 HHX rarose ac'rynars

BeTcTBYlOmeH BaJI, paBHbIH

RI,
aanp.:

BBepx

HJIH BHH3 HHTep-

pHJlI<Y PH)l HHTepBaJIOB, rOJlOCHOrO xaaona,

B I<aRHe

rOJIOca

lv,

COOTBeTCTBYIOlUHH HHTepBaJIaM MbI npaoriperaea RaHOHa

BCTynJIeHHH

I<aHOHa 3-x-rOJIOCHOrO, 00
~~.~:~~~ • T·II·

HCHoe npeJlCTaBJIeHHe ee nOJIHOTe. ECJIH I<aHOHa

OOJlaCTH 3-x-rOJlOCHOrO tIHCJIO B03MomHblX qHCJIO me

130 seen

03HatIIITh

BCTynJIeHHH

2-X-rOJIOCHOrO

R,

0YKBOIO r, HHTepBaJIaM

B03MomHhlX Kam)lbIM

nOI<a3aTeJIeH OYKBOIO s, TO rs I<aHOHOB, pa3JIHtIHhlX no I<aHOH nonysaer onpenenen-

R,

6Y.II.eT paBHHTbCH tIHCJIY 3-x-rO.llOCHhlX BCTYnJleHHH. npyrHx,

3aTeK

OTJIQ>KHTh aa

npOH3BOJIhHhIft aarepaan

BJIeBOOT

R1 Iv,

HOTY no-

Hoe

MeCTO CpeJlH

O)lHOPO)lHhlX C HHM KaHOHOB, aero npaBHJIa, rpynaocra no KOTOPhlM KaHOH )lOJII<aHOHa 'ratoae onpe-

cooTBeTcTBYIOlllYIOBcTynJIeHHIO CJIe)lHeit He MO}f(eTOblTh nOJIOmHTeJlbHblH HJIB

P. Ho

aanpaaneaae a 3aBHCHT HaMH

STott

nOI<a3aTeJIeM onpeneasnorcs meH 6b1Th

OPOH9BQJII.HbllI,

OT TOI'O, &JlH

nanacaa, Creneas
CJIe)lYIOmaH

OTp1lUaTe.nbHl:ilit

Q3j1Tbltt

neJlHeTCH CBOHCTBaMH npaaannearamero

eMY nOKa3aTeJIH.

OH nOJIO>KHTeJIhHhlH, TO aarrpaaneaae BJIeHHeM HHTepBaJIa,COOTBeTcTBYIOlUero

qTO O.ll.HHaI<O·SO Ha.opac

83.

TaOJJHUa npe)lCTaBJI51eT 3TY I<JIaCcH!f>HI<aHHTepBaJIY BCTynJIeHHH.

Iv,

eCJIH orpauareasMbf "OJIY.

UHIO no

nOI<a3aTeJIHM H nepBOMY

HhlH, TO OHO eMY npOTHBOnOJIO)l{HO.· TaI<HM 06pa30M

·74
Ta6"Hqa I 3-X-rOJlOCHbIX 8 ~ HOHellHblX HaHOIlOB ~

75
I-re
paapAAa.

I..I. :

01

t It

28 It

Iv:~t'~II::::::::~:::::~:::::
1~~>1::~ ::::::::::: :::~ ::::: ::::

1".f::::~:::I::::::~::::::::::= h' 1dt::::::~:::-'I::::~:::~::<: k

o
o
.e

1,,-.>~

:::~ :::::: : ::: :::::: ::::: :

1"..1:::::::::n:::~:: 1"-"I:::::~:::~~:::::
,0

"tJ"

1,_-

'.1:: =;:::~ :::::;::::; ::::::::::: ~:::::::::

... 4o 4o'_.-ee-

1."C::: 1'_'~~. ; A:~;

.Q. ~

h,.I....::.~:.:.::..:::.:.:;.:.::i,:::,,;:: !.
.

"tJ"

:e:

.'1~'I"":::'~:":~":: ;";::";;:":::":::";: _-------...

77
06'lICHe1tMII K
I.
T. .ll.,

Ta6.n'u.e 3-x-ronoCHbix

HaHOROB f-ro paapflaa

(aa). Ii

psn scrynneaan 3-x-tOJIOCHDrQ Iv. aTff acryuaesns pacnoJlOmeHbI no. nepsoay MHTepBaJlY BCTynJIeHHH (m) B nocneno-. BaTeJlhH.oM nDpH.I{Ke: m =.0, m = It m = 2 M T• .n.
2. Kam.nOM BbWHcaH

IIv paCnOJIOiKeHbI no rropxnxy: IIv = I, - I, 2, -2' Ilonasareaa: - 4, ~ 5 11 - 6 npHBe.neHbl .!lBam.nbl: IIv = - 4 -==, - 4 ==-, - 5 -<0, - 5::- M T. Jl.

Ilpa

Iv

xaaoaa,
3. xax,

Tpe6yIOlUHx

11MeHHO sroro

BCTynJIeHH5I

npH

KamJlDM

Ha

sepxneit
Ilp11

crpoxe

nepaua
na

Iv ssmacaasr aarepsaa
HHmHeH-B C npSlMDH

aa

JlByX

CTp.olJB351T

BCTYUJIeHH5I HHCXD.nSllUeM.

B BQCXQ.nHlUeM HanpaBJIeHl1H,

4. (or -

QTpHu;aTeJIbHblX

IIv

nepeCTaHQBKQH

I .no. -

6~

BKJllOlJHTeJIf,HQ) npH

nepsun

paBHHeTC5I

noxaaa-2-

TeJIIO. TaK,

Hanp.,

paBH5IeTC5I 2 H T.

n.

Iv= -

I QH paBHSleTCSI I. OpH

Iv=

5.

ECJIM TpM HQTbI BCTynJIeHHH, HQTbI K

npaaanneacarnae
90rUM

nOKa3aTeJIIO nQPfl~Ke, CT

c np5ll'.wK . nepecraaonxon,
n.oCJle)lHeit

H35!Th B B03BpaTHOM

nepeoa, ro rronyseaasre
npHMeHeHH5I

nyrex aeryno
C

ItJIeHlUr norpecyror

Iv

T.oM me

BeJIH"IUHhI"

.06-

pa:THbIM 3HaRQM. TaK,

aanp.,
e

n.n51 acrynneaaa:

rpeoyercs
BpaTHQM

Iv = 3,
nBMmeHHH:

a nJISI

rex

me

BCTynJIeHHH,

B351TbIX B

8.03·-

to
HymeH

Iv = - 3.

)IJISI BCTynJIeHHH:

.. - ....
'U' .D..

..

-•

HymeH

Iv = 2, a

.nJI5I BCTynJIeHHii::

"

..
11 T • .11: ..

IV=-2

79
B Ta6JIHue nOKa3aTeJII1: I H -

I, 2 H -

2 H T. )J;.paCTIOOTPH-

JIOmeHbl B OnHY JIHHHIO nOnapHO, H BCTYTIJIeHH5Ixaaoior-o uaTeJIbHOrO BCTynJIeHH5I H Ha060poT.

nJI5I

IIv aeseruux

sror
nJI5I

uearp

npHxo)J;HTC5IB

npoaeacyrxe

Iv

MemJ(y ,UBYM5IrpynnaMH

BCTynJIeHHH, KaK

aanp,

npenCTaBJI5IIOT B351Tble B B03BpaTHOM nOKa3aTeJI5I TOH me

ll.BH)i{eHHH BeJIHtIHHbl

nOJIOmHTeJIbHOrO

Iv =-7

6.. ECJIH non06HYl0

no OTHOIlleHHIO K

nepeMeHY C

B TIOp5l11.Ke CTynJIeHHH B

cnenari,
TO ,UJIH Iv

Iv

nepecraaoexoa

npOTHBOnOJIOmHOH,

BHOBb

TIOJIytIeHHbie 6e3

BCTyrlJIemt51

nOTpe6YIOT

roro
Hanp.,

nOKa3aTeJI5I ·JIeHHH:

BC5IKOrO H3MeHeHH5I. TaK,

caxoro ,UJI5I scrynme

C " 1I

.,
ayxrea

II 9

H
9-

II

nA
aj

Wij .• t#¥ti Fa" I

n

~HTI I.

=- 9

ESE

I"

II

I I"

II

-e-

"

OnHH H TOT JRe

IV=-II;
H

,UJI5IBCTynJIeHHH:

Ia
01l.HHaK080

II

Pi

II

r.nASA VII.
3-x ronOCHblM K8He'lHbIK lIanOH t oro paapana (npoAonmeHMe). § 84, ITo HHTepBaJIaM BCTYIIJIeHH5I MbI HaY'lHJIHCb TOtIHO onpeneasrs Iv, no npaBHJIaM KOToporo KamnblH 3-x-rOJIOCHbIH KaHOH 1I.0JJJReH 6blTb aanncaa. Ho npaBHJIa 2-X-rOJIOCHOrO
BepTHKaJIbHO-nOll.BHJRHOrO KOHTpanYHKTa, 6bITb YJRe H3BeCTHO, KOHTpanyHKT KaK HaM 3TO nOJIJRHO H3MeHeHH5I,

rpeoyerca Iv = - 9. Eha CHMMeTpHtIHOCTb BHJlHa B Ta6JIHue xaxrnoro H3 IIv C npoTHBOnOJIOmHOH nepecraaosxoa. Bce BCTynJIeHH5I, npaaanneacamae KaamOMY no,U06HoMY noxa3aTeJIIO, HMeIOT uearp, OT xoroporo B 06e CTOPOHbI pacxo,U5ITCH cHMMeTpHtIHO pacnonoareaasre BCTynJIeHH5I. Y tIeTHblX Ilv
B

uearpe

npHXOll.HTC5I rpynna BCTynJIeHIHI

rpex
H

BCTynJIeHHH, B KOTOPOH 06a BeJIHtIHHa

HHTepBaJIa

paBHbl

xaacnoro

nperepneaaior
3TOT BXO,UHT B

aeaoropue

paBHa

xorna

COCTaB MHOrOrOJIOCHblX TeM, KOTopble YBeJIH-

nOJIOBHHe BeJIHtIHHbl IIOKa3aTeJI5I. nJl51 Iv =-8

coe,UHHeHHiL I13MeHeHH5I 3TH aHaJIOrHtIHbl nyHKT. Mbl OrpaHHtIHMC5I

b
II
II

qeHHe tIHCJIa rOJIOCOB BROCHT B 2-X-rOJIOCHbIH npOCTOH KOHTpa-

I IIeat"pa.nR811 I
rpynna
II u

snect,

l{paTl{HM nepetIHCJIeHHeM nOCJIenK 0 H CO H a H c a

HHX. H3MeHeHH5I 3TH CBOn5lTC5IK CJIenYIOweMY: a) cB060na rr 0 0 THO ill e H H 10 l{

l II

I'

III
•

.CTYUJ!r.U

II I
10.

••

x,

136JIbill a51 K co-

B C«pbITblX

rrOCJlenOBaHH5IX. ITp5lMOe

nBHmeHHe

nJI5I
b

Iv = I
t_.

BepIlleHHOMY

KOHCOHaHCY, Hen03BOJI5IeMOe B 2-X-rOJIOCHOM l{OHBCTpetIaeTC5I B MHOrOrOJIOCHOM.OTCYTcTBHe

rpanyaxre,

HepenKO

Ie

II 9-

.,

IlIenpO"L"" rpy1JJla .c'I'yn''Iea ••

II

-----+

TOtIHblX npaBHJI

B OTHOIlleHHH

cxpsrrux

nOCJIenOBaHHH B npo-

1. a.

'!

a-

f"
orxeseasr

["
OnHHaKOBI

C"POM l{OHTparrYHKTe mHOM.

rrpen5lTcTBYIOT

YCTaHOBJIeHHIO HX B CJIOH3MeHeHH5I, BHO-

b)

BOT

H 0 III e H H H

n H C CO H a H COB.

CHMble B 2-X-rOJIOCllbIH B3aHMHO COOTBeTCTBYIOWHe rpyrrrrbl 1I\l1eC5I no °YJ(IIHMH. 06e CTOPOHbI BCTynJIeHHH, HaXI

l{OHTpanyHKT

YBeJII1tIeHHeM tIHCJIa rOJIO-

uearpansaoa,

. COB,KacaIOTCSI,UByXHHTepBaJIOB-"K

B a p r bl H H 0 H bl. K B a pTa, KOHTpanYHKTe" H cpe,UHHM (HJIH BepxHHM

xax

06

3TOM OblJIO ynoM5IHYTO B nITonBHmHoM H cJIe,U.), HaXO,U5ICb MeiImy

(§ ·255

81
80 MemJlY nSYMH cpenunaa) toJIOCaMI1, paccaarpasaeres HaK I\OHCOHaHC, II aa 9'rOM OCfIOBafUH1He 06H3afia nO,l(ttI1HfiThCH orpaHH'IeHHHM, npen[mCbIBaeMbIMeit npasanaaa 2-X-rOJlOCHOrO KOHTpanYHKTa (3 BMecTo~. ECJlH me HHmHHH asyx ee aaxo.ll.HTCHB HHmHeM ro.noce, TO OHa npOJlOJlIKaeT CqHTaTbCH 3a .ll.HCCOHaHC nonsamm.ca H no npemHeMY npananau: CaMO C06010 pa3YMeeTCfl, l)TO HHqTO He MOmeT BocnpenHTCTBOBaTb H B nepaox cnysae coxpaaars nOMY HHTepBaJlY ero orpauaqeHHH (3"). OTClOJla no OTHomeHHlO 1\ xsapre, nsa cnocoria nacaaas" MHOrOrOJlOCHbIX COeJlHHeHHp.: I) CTporo rrpanepacaBaHCh npaBHJI ee ynoTpe6J1eHHH B 2-X-rOJlOCHOM l\oHTpanyHKTe (3) B KaKHX 6bI ronocax OHa HH scrpexanacs H 2) oCB060mJla51 ee B YRa3aHHbIx npe.ZJ:eJlaxOT OrpaHHqeHHH. C 060HMH 9THMH cnocoriaaa nacsaa MbI BCTpeTHMC5Inpa COqHHeHHH KaHOHOB. Hanacaaaue no nepBoMY H3 9THX cnococos I{aHOHhI (1'. e. CO '\ !,oI'OJlOCHorOKOHTpanYHRTa. CRa3aHHOe OTHOCMTCH TeM coeK IIII1CHMHM, ROTOPbIXHe yuacrayer AMmHHHrOJIOc. Coenaaeaae B UOCJlenHerO C KaIKnbIM H3 npOqHX rOJlOCOBnaeT-B OTHOUleHMH VIIOTpe6J1eHHH KBapTbI - npaBHJlhHOe 2-X-rOJlOCHOe coenaII<'HHe. I OTMeTHM, qTO ecrs enHHCTBeHHbIH CJiyqaH, rne ronoca, o6pa3yH KamnbIH CKamnbIM npaBHJIhHbIH 2·x·rOJlOCHbIH KOHTpalIyHKT, TeM He MeHee nator HenpaBHJlhHOe TpeXrOJlOCHOecoenaueaae: 9TO npH aapyureaan rrpaaaaa, sanpemaiomero ynaoeaae llHCCOHHpYlOLUeH HOTbI.

3.

YnpamHeHHA

B 3-x-rOJlOCHbIX

HOHeQHblX

HaHOHax

I-ro paapsaa.

§ 85. Vnpascaeaaa
scero npaxrasnee

B 3-x-rOJlOCHbIX KaHOHax r-rc paapsna pacnpeneaars B CJIenYlOIII.eMnopanxe:

CTporHM ynorperineaaex

I{BapTbI:

npaooperaror

CBOHCTBO,

I{OTOpOro JlHmeHbl xasoau, HaOI1CaHHbIe no BTOPOMYcnocotiy: nepesre cnococnu K n p e B p a III.e H H 10. B TO BpeMH KaI{ I;BapTa no.nynaer 60JlbUlylO CBo60JlY B MHorotOJloCHbIX coennHeHH5IX,npyroa HHTepBaJl - H 0 H a rrpaooperaer CpaBH:HTeJIhHO C 2-x:rOJlOCHbIM KOHTpanYHKToM HOBoe orpaaaaeaae (CM. IT. K. § 252 fl CJIen.). 9TO orpaaaseaae COCTOMT TOM, 'ITO paspeS ureaae HOHbI B ORTaBY(8) nonYCRaeTC5I JlHUlh rorna, xorna HH;'1\HH5I e HOTa HaXOnl1TCHB 6acy: JlHCCOHHpOBaHHe HOHbI (8) e no oraomeaaro K CpeJlHeMY ro.rIOCY He .ll.03BOJIHeTCfl. Y CJlOBH5I ee ynoTpe6JIeHH5I, xorna OHa nacconapyer no OTHOUleHHlO K cpenHeMY ronocy, ebIpa3HTCH, CJIenOBa1'eJlbHO, aR: 8 If 8. T KaR Mbl yBHJltlllf SHOCJIenCTBHH,nJIH RaHoHoB, nonaepraexux npeapameamo, naceoaapoaaaae HOHbl asepxy (8) He nOJIiJ\HO
6bITb
(-)

BCTynalOT no OOPH.IIKy BhICOTbI-HanpaBJleHHe HH'-repBaJIOaBCTynJIeHHH, CJle.rrOBaTeJIhHO, onaaaxoaoe (Iv cnepeCTaHOBI{OlOnpaxoto): a) I1HTepBaJibI BCTynJleHH5Io,UHHaRoBoH BeJIl1qHHbI (Iv = 0). b) 11HTepBaJIbI ~cTynJIeHH5I pa3J1H'IHbIe (ocram.aue IIv C np5lMOH nepeCTaHOBKOlO). , 2)rOJIOca scrynaior He 00 nOp5lJlKy BbICOTbI, aanpaaneaae r1HT~pBaJIOBBCTYIIJleHI151pa3JIHqHoe. Iv C nepecraaosxoa npoTHBOnOJlOmHoH.

I) ronoca

§ 86. HaQHHaeM C KaHOHa npH Iv = 0, npocremnero H3 fHiHOHOB r-ro pa3p5lJla. 9T01' Iv rroaysaerca KamnblH pa3, KaK MbI B03bMeM B O,UHOM nanpaaneaaa paBHble no BeJlI1qHHe HHTepBaJIbI BCTYOJIeHI1H (CM. Ta6JIHuy § 79).

sosce nonyexaeao.

.
2-X-fOJlOCHGt'O It MBororo·

I" "

-+0

CI

I_I.
~t

I .e"

.-d': 2

II

-r8

=i,

V rtOMHHyTblMH CJIytrafiMa HCtrepnblaaeTCSl pa3JHI'iHe M'eiKJlY

npaaH'JIa~(If npocroro xoarparryaxra
e

.nocnoro. ECJIH B nOCJ1eJlHeM BhlneJ1H1'bRalure·mrt)o .nna ronoea,

TO pa3JII'IQHe MemJlY coenaueaaex 3THX BbI.ZJ:eJleHHbIX ro.JlOCOS H coenaseaaea, HamrCaHHbIM IJ 2-X-t'OJlOC!HOMROHTpaOYHKTe, caenercx l( TOM'Y, sro B nepsux Mory1' BCTpe'l'H'th~H, so-nepsux cxpsrrsre nOC.JI'e.lloaaHH5I, BO-B1'oPliIX, CS060.nHO ynorpeexesnas nsapra. B OCTaJII,HOMCOe.!lHHeHl1e.l(BYXrOJIOCOB1 H3'BJtetreHHoe MHOrOrOJIOCHOrO,Hlf'leM He 6y~eT 01JlH~athcSl 01' rrpocroro

I';:'

II

I;''il8 • "

"3

f1pI1HI1MaH BO BHHMaHHe TO, qTO 6b1JIO CKa3aHO OTHOCHTeJIbHO YCJIOBHH MHorO'rOJIOCHblXcoe,UHHeHMH 84), MbI .ll.OJImHbI (§ npa COQHHeHHI1 KaHOHa npH Iv = 0 cooopaaona'rscs co CJIe,UylOIUHMH npasanaaa:
6

0,) Iv: o. -,j..4.

Ill' U II 11 Jl 0 I-e. ilOOTHOlliemno R RaHOHY, HaqMHaIOllI.eMYCH sepXHHM rOJIOCOM. aR RaRS RaHOHe npa Iv = 0 SCHRMH T HHTepBaJI nepsosasan.aoro coenaaeaan naer S npOH3S0nBOM TOT me caMhlit II11TCpnUJI, TO B HaHOHe, HalJHHaJOmeMCHBepxHUM ),OJIOCOM, cuotionaoe ynorperinenae xaaprsi (3) socnpeIIUWTCH. llo.Llo6Ha5I xaapra, npn rrepeaecenaa ee S HH)f{HHH H Cpe.1l.HMH rOJIOC, nana 6h1 He.u03S0JIeHHOeCO'IeTaHHe ronocos:
..ll.

a)

M95.

"

a ..

~
1--. P. XI,6'. I""
"

F--

==l:'::::=

-1---

~J
I

1----1

j I~
'I

:::1 8
V
HeJlb3.11

~,

~t----

..
1

I"'"

3-H TaRT sroro RaHOHa, npenCTaSJIHIOlIl.MHSnOJIHe npaSHJIhHbIH 3-X-FOJIOCHbIH ROHTpanyHRT, 3aRJlIO'laeT B ce6e KsapTy, KOTopaH S CJ1e.1l.YIOlIl.eM TaRTe O.Ka3hISaeTC5I HenpaSHJIhHO ynoTpe6JIeH_HOIO_ IIo3TOMY B nOD.06HOM.KaHOHe .KSapTa coxpaH»eT OrpaHHlJeHHH. aaaaraeaue aa aee npaSlfJIaMH 2 - X - rOJIOCHOrO.KOHTpa-

-,

"
v

---.a.

".-...

,n.

nyaxra

6).

.........
,II.,.

IT P aInlJI 0 2 - e. TIo oraouieaaio K KaHOHY, Ha'lHHaIOlIl.eMyC5I HumHUM roaocox, B .KaHOHe UpH Iv 0, HalJHHaIOmeMCSl HH)f{HHM rOJIOCOM, Me)f{.LlY P H Rl aocnpemaercs CSH3aHHaH asepxy HOHa (8). Ta.KaH HOHa, 6y.uYlJH nepeaeceaa S Rl H R~ (sepxHHH H cpenaak roxoca), naer HenpaI3HJIbHOe COlJeTaHHe:

==

bif::: v

.J!l.

(tL1

1
_n_

I""

~.-:-T--:-

ITpHseneHHbIX snecs HenpaSHJlhHOCTeH MO)f{HO 6h1JIO 6hJ M36erHYTh nocpencrsoa nepexpenmaaaas rOJIOCOS (a nOCJIenHeM npnaepe P MOrJIa 6bI S3HTh HOTY ssnue Ri), HO nepexpemHBaHHH 's TaRHX CJIYlJam[ H e pen .K0 n p e IT 51 CT S Y IOT T n a Jl b He HIIIe:AI y n B H )f{ e H H IO .Ka H 0 H a H soodure MoryT nocrasHTh3HalJHTeJIbHhle, aeynoocrna.

.LI.

tJ

~
I

I"'"

-- -- It

§ 87· fIpHBonHM .KaHOHnaJIeCTpHHbI npa Iv

= 0'-:" 4.

----

...._,..
6*

3TOM npHMepe aa

ronoca

BCTynaIOT

RaiK.ubIH 01' npemnecrHe nepexpemaBeJlHqHHhl r

....

...

ayrotuero

paCCT05IHHH RBHHThI H BCTynJleHIHIX B

HH pa3y

BaIOTC5I. ITpH

aarepsana

MeHhllleH

nepeRpelllHBaHHe HeH36eIRHbIM. qaeTCSI:

B RaHOHHqeCROH HMHTaUHH qaCTO CTaHOBHTCH CJle.uYIOweM, npHMepe OHO Heo.uHORpaTHO BCTpe0

"
.ynpaiKHeHH5I

--

---

illn

.-

a~n

b)

M96.b)

..or t.
~'

lv= 0

R2

§ 88. Ilpeacie
R,

qeM aasars npHH5ITb

B RaHOHax C

npy-

P. XVII,13li.

.,.....

1I

rHMH HHr nue

!?S
I

!?S

"""

I1v,

HyIRHO

BO BHHMaHHe CJIe.uYIOrnHe n 0 no JIR YCJlOBH5IM IIORa3aTeJleH, BhI3BaHR B a p r I>l H fi 0 H hI C YCJIOBHHMH

JI h H 1,1 e

n p a B H JI a

pa3J1HtjHeM B YCJl08HHX ynoTpe6J1eHtul

=
"

B MHOrOrOJlOCHOM ROHTpanYHKTe HX ynoTpe6JIeHH$I B :2-x-rOJIOCHOM.

cpaBHHTeJlbHO

AononHHTe~bH~e npaBana.
=

T [I"
n A

§ 89.
a) no

.uonOJlHHTeJIbHble

npasana:

......

•
-,

OTHorneHHIO K xsapre: coe.uHHeHHH, B RO-

IT p a B H JI 0 I - e .uJI5I nepBOHaqaJIbHOrO Topoe He BXO.uHT HHiKHHH rOJIOc. .uaHHOM

•
I"""

.a

r---.

"'"
rio

ECJIH npH

Iv

xaap'ra

naer

B npoH3Bo.uHOM

coena-

HeHHH ROHCOHaHC,· TO OHa MOIReT 6hITh

...
I

...
='
I

orpaHHtjeHHH sepureaasra, nonaaae B

(3

BMeCTO

3).

OCB060IR.lI.eHa 01' CBOHX KOHcaHaHC 3TOT aeconocne-

ECJIH IRe nonyweHo

TO MO)l{eT

6htTb

napannensaoe

KBapT. 9THM nYTeM Bo scex

napaJIJIeJIhHOe .uBHIReHHe BHOCHTC5I CJIyqaHX sa HCRJIIOqeHHeM nOHMeHO-

Iv

2-H rpynrtsr.

.r:

BaHHI>lX snecs, 60BciHHe, «sapra,

n.

xsapra

COXpaH5IeT CBOM OrpaHl1qeHIHI

qT06hI

B coenanenaa

+ Ri,

(3). Tpeno-

B KOTOPOM BCTpetIaeTC5I

He ilXOnHJI HHIRHMH rOJIOC, Bhl3hIBaeTC5I 1'eM, qTO 06pa30BaTh

CJlenHHH HYIReH, qT06hl H TaRHM 06pa30M

.6ac no OTHoI1lefiHIO R xsapre

66paTHTh

ee R ROHCOfiaHC. EClIH

IRe,

xpoxe

rOJIOCOB, COCTaBJIHIOwItX RaHOH,. B COtIHHeHHH ytjacTBYIOTeIile ronoca utero

n.

nortonanrenstnae, xsapry

TO

POJIh fiHIRHerO

ronoca, onan

oopatnatoH3 HHX. BblCOTe sanpOtIHX

a ROHCOHaHC, MOIReT CJIytIae6e3pa3JIHtIHO, nepBOHaqaJIhHOrO

acnonuars
xaxoe coe.uHHeHH5I

rtocnenaex

MeCTO no

HHMaIOT

rOJIOca

cpena

rOJIOCOB KaHOHa.

Kaapra,

HMe5I nonnepztxy

B nOnOJIHHTeJIhHOM

86
rOJIOce, BO BCHHOM cnyxae HerrpHrOTOBJIeHHOIO. MOmeT Mem.ny HliMH BCTpeTHTbCH

TI P a B H JI0 2 - e nns H3BO.nHOMHOToporo B 3-x-rOJIOCOM rOJIOc). ECJIH npH

rrepaouavansnoro

coezraaeaaa,

B npoYCJIOBHe HHmHHH

CJIe.nYIOmeM npaaepe:

OTCYTCTByeT HHmHHH rOJIOc. (3TO

HaHOHe BhIIlOJIHHeTC5I, xorna .naHHOM

P ecrs

Iv

rrpoH3Bo.nHa51 xaapra

(nOJIOmH-

Iv:-7

~-"-~

TeJIbHa51 HJIli OT HB~PThi

orpauarem.nas)

noaysaerca

H3 HOHCOHaHca, TO OT rrOJIYl.leHHhlX HM CBO-

HOHCOHaHC 3TOT MO)l{eT OrpaHHqeHHH

6h1Th ocaoriomnea H MomeT

6hlTh ynorperinaexsnr

aecoaepurenaua, TO H napanneasaue ero rrOCJIe.nOBaHHH MoryT 6hlTh nonyureaa. 3THM nYTeM napanaensnoe .llBHmeHHe BHOCHTCH B IIv 2-H rpyrrrrhl.
60.nHO. ECJlH me 3TO HOHCOHaHC OTCYTCTBHe HHmHero rOJIOca B l.IHCJle rOJIOCOB nepBOHal.laJIh-

Ra,

aoro rrpa BCTynJIeHHH CBoeM B 3-M TaHTe,

npespauraer
Mem.ny

coenaaenas

aano

anecs

nOHHMaTh B TOM me CMhlCJIe, H~H HHmHHH rcaoc HaHOHa HymeH,

B HOHCO

HaHC

csooonao

ynorpefineanyro

xaapry

TOPOH B npOH3Bo.nHOM coennaeaaa TaKTa nonyxaerca KOHCOHaHC KBH.Thl.

(Ri R2) B B npaxepe:

If

Ri,

H B npemnecrayromex qTo6h1 rrpeBpaTHTh HHTeJIhHhlii renee,

npaaane.

H3 1(0'

aaxaae

4-rc

ecrs nortoncnenars, TO asnueyrtoMHHyToe Tpe60BaHHe HBJlHeTCH H3J1HlllHHM. Ilpasenex npexrne acero P5l.n npaaepos npH Iv -7' TIPH 3TOM Iv HBHHTa OCBO6om.naeTcH OT OrpaHHl.IeHIfH, npaoopereaaux eIO OT npOH3BO.llB HOHCOHaHC.ECJlH me HOTOPhiH MomeT 3TO

xsapry

M98.

HOH xaap'rsi

(4)

H ynoTpe6JIHeTCH

CB06o.nHO, 6J1aro.napH TOMY,

..,~r
P. XV111,7fl
Il,n

"

..
,
_1

,-_'__

,.j
:1 1 1 -I

J. 11 _l
I'

l.ITO nOCJIe.llH5IH-TepHeT CBOHCTBa .nHCCOHaHca.

]
_l

~-R,3;J1 . 1-1 188 8

--

II

II ~

,
KT.A .

7 e

Iv:-7

M99.
P

8
v

...,

BT.Jt.

~
JI

p. XV, 15.
tJ

M~ axeea

UeJIhiH pH.nRBapT,

KOHCOHHPYIOlll,HX 6JIaro.napH

no-

nOJlHHTeJlbHOJd:Y ifHmifeMY roaocy. no TOMY, l.[TO npH

3TH napaJIJIeJlH3MhI B03MomHhl RBapTl.I noayxaerca PHJJ;ROTOPhlX OTMeTHM

no

Iv = 6

H3 nepsoaasansaoa coenaaeaaa:

KOHCOHaHC HecoaepllleHHhlH-.neuHMa Mhl H HMeJlH J;'f nponaaonaox Heo6bll.lif,Oe paCCTOHHHe Mem.ny

(3+6=9),

Ri + R2.
IIv,

BCTynJleifH5IMH

rOJIOCOB aroro KBapTa IlIPH<PTOM

-uR2

rrpauepa,

pasaoe

n51TH nOJlYHoTaM:

TIepel.lHCJIHM

.KOTOPhIX naer Hhlit

npoH3BO)J,HhlH HOHCOHaHC. )f{HPHblM H 2-ii rpyrrne

....

p; .

OTMel.leHbl Te H3 HHX, Y HOTOPblX HOHCOHaHC 3TOT 1l0cJIe.nHHe ace npaaanneacar I,

necosepurennoxaaarenea:

IIvT;;:6, 4, 2,

-1,

-3,

-5, 7, -8,

-10,

-12,

-14.

---

N!100.
..0-

-i'

1 R2 '

Ii

J.
-'8

1
I

1'0.1

II

J .J

.!.!

ITpHBonHM CJIYlJaH npHMeHeHHH roro me npaaana B KaHOHHlJeCKHX HMHTaUHHX C npyraxa IIv. 3TH nOKa3aTeJIH cyrs: Iv =1, rne npoassonaaa xaapra nOJIyqaeTCH H3 HecoBepIlleHaoro KOHCOHaHca TepUHH (2 1 = 3); Iv = - 2, rne xsapra nOJIyqaeTCH raxate H3 aeconepmenaoro KOHCOHaHca ceKCThI (5 - 2 3); Iv = - 5>-, rne KBapn (orpanarensaas) nOJIyxae'rca H3 TepUHH (2 - 5 3); H HaKOHeu Iv 8, c npoH3BonHoH oTpHuaTeJIbHOH KBapToH, nonysaexoa H3 ceKCT~

=-

=-

(5-8=-3)·
Iv=t-~
o3

-I

M104.
....
t.I

'-,'
R,- •••
P
It

• -_
W

:1...

..........8
2

P.II,IH.
I .. -&

~J

....

,
Ml02.
_A

•
_:
~,

R2

_l

j_

1.1

'0.1

PI -,

! N!105
A'

,
I

I
I

(-3)

P. II, as.

IIU
__i. __i.l

.
P.II,Ult-U8

,
pl'--

~
'I

,,1

'I

R, __

II

=:-e-

Ilia

I
n

~
:

-4

..
I
_l 8

•
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M103.

'i'

'0.1

~ t'o
P. II, 8~.
lin

'

---~- r'
R2 1

I .J...!!Ll.

I'

r rr

- .1 -

:1= J.

r
I

r
1

I',' r_

~,
-& A

__l

,1Ia

I,

'~ J J J 1
J.._l't.

I 1- "1

rr

-e-

_,

.1. •

J. .lJl

..1

....

91
KOHTpanYHKTe HHiKHIfH, TO KBapTa 1

Ml06. -

Rj_

,
I

(§ 75). ECJm HH 0,U1ff{ 1f3 3TlfX uoxcer 6b1Th OCBo60)I(,UeHa

rOJIOCOB He ecrs OT OrpaHIfQeHHH,

aanaraexsrx

aa

Bee 2-X-rOJIOCHblM KOHTpanyRRTOM.

4 -3

P 11,50.

,.,....

I~J
p'

I
1
4

R2

(a)
I'

~
I

,
Iv=!><>

r
-1

,
"

r
N!109.
;"

H=-7.:=:=§Jii..
p

,....
8 3

'tJ

'"

.....

III'"

.
....

R,Iv=-?'

1---

____

r~

"

Ml07.
, tJ

r_l

,.--...

-_r,

P. XII, tiS.'

~I:r ,j' 'i"Tl

5

-,
•

:
1
.T.

--.J

;j

P. XV, 22. R2
I .....

M110.
110
P IL

.
,

Ml0S.

P. XI, i2.

.
R]v=18
j -1-

I .. .,.

R2

Ilia
P. XVII, ill. I..."

-,- .,
I

,
11 T.A

R2

Flepeaacnenasre ,UonOJIHHTeJIbHhle npaaana mrcamte KaHOHa, oCB060iK,UaH xnapry qeHHH. Il03TOMY npaaana 3TH He 06H3aTeJIhHbl,
06JIer'lHTh

HMeIOT ueJIhIO OT ee orpaHHB TOM CMblCJIe,

'ITO Hec06JIIO,neHHe HX He nOBJIetJeT 3a C060IO HHKaKoH OIIlIf6KH,

Flepexacaaa IIv,
tJaeTCH H3 HHX,

OpH

ROTOPhIX 0POH3BO,UHaHxsapra nOJIyiKHpHhIM lllPH<pTOM Te H3

a TOJIhKO 3aTpY,UHHT COtJHHeHHe KaHOHa. ITpaBHJIO H 0 H bI,K TOPOMY Mbl Tenepb C06JIIO,UaeMO, nna-re

xo-

nepexonaa,
nOJIyqaTCH
H 0 H bI

Hao60pOT,

scerna

,UOJIiKHO 6blTb

KOHCOHaHca, 0603HatJHB . IIv=6, -10,

rne

KOHCOHaHC HeCOBepIIleHHblH (nOCJIe,UHHe see OTHOCHTCH

He,U03BOJIeHHhle nOCJIe,UOBaHHH.

KO 2-H rpynne):

-6-<, -7, -8, IT p a B H JI 0

CJIe,UHeIO B

5, 3, 1, -I, -12, -14·

HaM

-2,

-3, -4-<,

-5>-,
C no-

b) n p
B

a B H JI 0

,UJHI nepBOHaQaJIhHOrO

coenaaeaas,
KaK TO

npoaasonaoe

xoroporo

He BXo,nHT HIf)I(HHH rOJIOC, ,UJIH3-XHH)I(HHM rOJIOCOM. TaK

rOJIOCHOrO KaHOHa, Ha'lHHaIOmerOCH B npOH3BO,UHoe 3-x-rOJIOCHOrO KaHOH, npOH3BO.llHOe KOToporo ro.noca, HenpeMeHHo coenaueaae II "PUI"l'OM

3 - e, OTHOCHllleeCH K coe,UHHeHHIO P-t'LI R-t'OIO. H3BeCTHO, 'ITO tlH!lWTCII

KaHOHa BXO,UHTo6e He B:f{JIIO'IaeT C ceria

Rk-t'u,

KaHOHe

p-t'r>l

HHiKHero

nOCJIe,UHeIO B

KaHOHe

R-t'OIO

Ha'lHHaeTCH 3THM nOCJIe,UHHM,T. e. P=HHiK-

92
HeMY rOJIocy. no npasanaa npocroro no RO'HTpanyHRTa HOHa He

93
ITpaBHJIa RBapTy TOphIll Jl.HCCOHMpOl3aTb BBepxy OTHOllIeHHIO R CpeJl.HeMY roB npOH3BOJl.HOMcoenaneana npaxoa Jl.HCCOHHR B apT

sr,

oCB060mn.aIOll{He coenaaeaaa H

OT

OrpaHHlJeHHH

MomeT

nepBOHalJaJIbHOrO naer KBapTy

TOT

ROHCOHaHC, RO' 06JIerlJaeT CBO-

B npOH3BonHOM, npa TPY,ZI.HblX HHTepBaJI

3HalJHTeJIbHO

JIOcy. IT03TOMY HHTepBaJI, naIOIlI.Hll HOHY, He Jl.OJImeH npH posa'n,

(-)

BBepxy,

a npH

Iv C nepecraaonxoa Iv C nepecraaoaxoa

COlJHHeHHe RaHOHa 60nHblll

IIv,

nOCTaBJI51H HOBbIll

OT OrpaHHlJeHHH

H' TeM

YBeJIHlJHBaH ROJIH-

npoTHBOnOJIOmHOllMbJ 6yneM HMeTb

lJeCTBO YCTOHlJHBbJX ROHCOHaHCOB.Ho CTBYIOT .fI3BJIelJb H3 I\,aHOHa, npH HOBYIO ROM6HHaUHIO' rOJIOCOB, npa

3TH 06JIerlJeHHH nperrarnpHMeHHIOTC5I,

BHH3y. 03HalJHB m AJIH

3TOT HHTepBaJI

6YRBOIO m,

ROTOPOM ,OHII noxoma

Iv

C nepecraaosxott

npHMOIO m Jl.JIH Iv C nepecraaosnoa

(-)

n p e B p a Ill. e H H H. RaCaIOIlI.HeCH cnenyer

npOTHBOnOJIOmHOIO. 3HaK POHbJ OCTaHeTCH 6e3

(-)

HHTepBaJIa C npoTHBOnOJIOmHOll B

CTO'

§ 91.
nepenrn npOlJHX

nOCJIe

roro,

RaR

npoaneuu

npaBHJIa,

H3MeHeHHH npH

HBJI5IeTC5IB naHHOM,. Hanp., JIYlJaeTCH H3 npoxonsmea

Iv

=2

TOM

B!fJl.e, B

RaROM OH HOHa no·

RBapTbI H HOHbl H nOCJIe sanax K ynpaameaaax

na HaHOHbl npH

Iv = 0,

npOH3BonHaH

B RaHOHax, Tpe6yIOIlI.Hx TaRHX cnenyer,

npHMeHeHHH

6,

[T. e. MO)l{eT 6blTb

ynorpetineaa HOTbJ].

TOJIbRO B BHne

IIv.

06pa3UbI

RaHOHOB HaxonHTCH B npanoiseocorieaao TIpH B nasane, rrepexone BbI6HpaTb OT z-x-roKaHOHOB Bbl-

HJIH

me

BcnOMOraTeJIbHOll

Flpa Iv

= -- II
~CTb

HHH.

Ha

noxaaarenelt

nJIH ynpaxraeaaa

HaH60JIee

JIerRHe.

HHTepBaJI, naIOIlI.Hll xsapra

npOH3BonHYIO

HOHY (oTpHuaTeJIbHYIO),

JIOCHbJXKaHOHOB R 3-x-rOJIOCHbIM, 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO aospacraer, 60pOM Heyn06HbJX TexHHKY

TPYJl.HOCTb nacaaas

(3),

§ 90.
r-ro

3HaRH ROTOPOll nOJImHbI BHnOH3MeHHTbC5I TaR: 3.

H HeT OCHOBaHHH ee ECJIH

YBeJIHlJHTb

I-i3JIOmeHHbJe snecs

nOnOJIHHTeJIbHbJe npaBHJIa

RBapTbI RaHOHaM

IIv_
B

YlJaIll.HHC5I npaoriperer KaHOHOB +2, +3, yzce npH +4,

nocra-

H HOHbI l1MeIOT 3HalJeHHe 06Il1.ee H OTHOC5ITC5I O R paspana, He3aBHCHMO OT BKJIIOlJaIOT B cetis

sceu

TOlJHYIO JIerKHX

nHcaHHH

cpaBHHTeJIbHO

lJHCJIa YlJaCTBYIOllIHX B HHX roo H npaBHJIa, H3JIOmeHHbJe B 6bJJIH

nOKa3aTeJIHX, RaR-TO: pe3YJIbTaT MbI nanee

IIv =

-7, -9,

-II,

JIOCOB. OHH

nJIH RaHOHa npH

Iv

= O. ECJIH
Iv

§ 86

TO TaKOll HbIM. KaK

MomHO

npasaars

BnOJIHe crpororo

nOCTaTOlJ' nHCbMa

nOCJIenHHe H

npaseneau

yBHJl.HM, ROMn03HTopbI

OTneJIbHO, TO 3TO CneJIaHO HCRJIIOlJHTeJIbHOC ueJIbIO He 3aTpynHHTb YlJaIll.erOC5I H3JIOmeHHeM cpa3y npaBHJI, RacaIOllIHXC5I scex

rrOJIb30BaJlHCb npeHMYllleCTBeHHO reneit, npHMeH5I5I 60JIee

CaMbJMH JIerHHMH JIHllIb

H::! noxaaa-

TpYJl.Hble

B ROPOTKHX KaHOHH60JIee npaoripe-

llv,

B TO BpeM5I xorna TOJIbRO R

npaaana

= o,
C

nJI5I Hero

HymHbJ 6b1JIH nOnOJIHHTeJIbHble npaBHJIa RBapTbI H me

lJeCHHX HMHTaUHHX. ITepeXOJl.HTb K I<aHOHaM, rpecyiourau TPYJl.HbJX

Ilpaaeneaaue

IIv,

cnenyer

He

paHee,

lJeM xorna

6yneT

HOHbI BCeueJIO OTHOC5ITCHR 06JIaCTH crpororo OCTaJIbHble npaaana, ROTOPbIMH Hanp.,

nacxxa.

Bee

TeHO YMeHbe

npHMeHHTb R RaHOHHlJeCROH HMHTaUHH HaH60JIee 3TOM YCJIOBHH ynpamHeHH5I npHHeCTI1 B xa-

npHXOnHTC5I no

BCTpelJaTbCH

JIerRHe H3 HHX. TOJIbRO npH HOHax C TpynHbJMH

B YlJeHHH 0 RaHOHe,-RaR neJI5IeTC5I

npasaaa,

ROTOPbJM onpeBCTynJIeHH5I CTpO'

IIv

MoryT

nOJIb3Y nJIH pa3BHTHH

Iv

J{JI5I RaHOHa,

npaaana,

RacaIOllIHeC5I

KOHTpaIlYHI<THlJeCROH TeXHHI<H. HMH

Flpeameapeaenaoe
ysauieroca. ECJIH

me

3aH5ITHe Bo061l1e

MHHMoro 'roJIoca rHM H caooonasne RaR nJI5I Toro,

H npOlJ. He

RaCaIOTC5I pa3J1HlJHH Memny n09TOMY,

MomeT

BpeJl.HO oTpa3HTbC5I pa60T

aa rOJIOCOBeneHHH H

nHCbMOM H,

OnHHaROBO nparonau

aa 3CTeTHlJeCRHll cTopoHe ncacenaer nOlJTH na Hcnp060BaTb

IlOCJIenHl1ll ROTOPblX CaMbJX -':'11 OH nOlJTH

TaR H nJI5I npyroro. B CTporOM nacsxe nepeara R ynpas«

CBOH CHJIbI aa raxax

aanaxax,

RaCaJIHCb npexorne H JIerRHX

ROMn0311TOpbl, TO H cpenn RaR-TO:

ECJIH OT ynpaacaeaaa

06b1KHOBeHHblX aaaner C TaRHe

IIv,

IIv = -7,
RaK 3TO BOBce

-9,

HeH.fI5IM B cB06onHOM, TO, cooripasyacs npHllIJIOCb 6b1

C HOBbJMH Tpe60BaHHHMH,

H3MeHHTb YCJIOBH5I scex npaueaeaae

npaBHJI, onpeneJIHIOIlI.HX rOM cay-rae,

IIv. qTO me RaCaeTCH 3THX IIv 13 TOM .fIJIH,npyBCTynJIeHH5IMH ro-

BCTynJIeHH5I, CRa3aTb,

xoropue, He

MomHO

YBepeHHOCTbIO

6bJJUI MoryT

acnpoooaaau.

OCTaJIbHbJe rpynnblBcTynJIeHHll MaTepl1aJI qeCROll Jl.JlH ynpaacaenaf B

Jl.OCTaBHTb 0611IHpHhlll CJIYlJa5lX RaHOHHCaMbJX ,ZI.OcTynHhIx

YCTaHaBJIHBaIOIlI.HX CBH3b Memny

He06hllJHbIX

JIOCOB HaHOHa H rpetiyexux 1'0 Bee 9TH OCT3JIHCh 6bl npasana 6e3 H npH

3THMH BC1'ynJIeHHHMH noxasarenea, nepexon.e R cB06onHoMY nHC-bMY

l,1MHTaUHI1, XOTH 6hl me

H Tpe6YIOIUHX

nORa3aTeJIeH. ECJIli

YlJalllHHCH nOmeJIaeT

ncnsrra'rs

CBOH

H3MeHeHHll.

94
CHJIhI aa npHMeHeHHH OOJIee -'10, -12, rpynaux -13, nORa3aTeJIeH, TO npnaepu HMeTb RaR-TO: na 3TH lITO

9S
§
nO'ITH 93. HHTepeceH pas, TOT <flaKT, tJTO KOMn03HTophI RaR HMnpMXOnHJlOCb cTyneHHMH, TOM snoxa, nJI51 no-

IIv = 'I- I,
CJIY'IaH npaxeaeaae

+6,

-8,

RamnhIH

nOJIb30BaTbC5I HO B npyrox

OH HaHneT

B npHJIOmeHHH

1).

Hano
lIv,

B sany,

BCTynJIeHHH p5lnKe,

ablwenpHBe.ueHHblMH

nOnOJIHHTeJIbHhlx

npaBHJI,

OTHOCHIUHXC5I R ImapTe, OOJIertJaeT orixoxme-

RaK aanp.:

!l.OnYCKaeMOe IIIIe npa

OO.'1blUHHCTBOM H3 aTHX

C HHMH H TeM ypaanoaemaeaer nepexone OT 2-X-rOJIOCHhIX

rpynaocra,

B03HHl{aIOIUHe R MHOrOrOJIOCHhIM. OOJIblUOrO pas-

DJ1
-elv:-I.

II

ynpaaoreaaji nacars

-e->
ii

yU

II

fJi? .. =g
-e-

IlOnOOHhIe Mepa

RaHOHhI He HymHo

CJIHlllKOM

11 ynpaacaeaas

3TH [cnenyer]

sepenoaars

C ynpaaoreaaaua

II>*- II

_,.

IV:1.

S]
-eH30eraIOT

!~ e

-e-

Pi, fjo:

!Yo-to. -e-

., j
aTHMH

s KaHOHax

OOJIee npOCThIX

nORa3aTeJIeH. CHCTeMaTHtJeCRH yooTpe6JIeHI151 nOKa3aTeJ1eM, rperiyeaux RaK-TO:

3-x-rOJlOCHaR

KaHOHH'ieCHaA

IIMHTaQHA nHCbMa.

HOMn03HTOpOB

3nOXH

BCTynJ1eHH5IMH OOJIee TpynHbIx -10, OOJIh3Y5lCh ,!I,JIH3TOM ueJIH I) KaHOHHtJeCRaH

llv =

crperero § 92.
H3 MHorotJHCJIeHHbIX HO, tJTO KOMn03HTopbI JIHCh 3-x-rOJIOCHOH 3Ha'IeHHe (ca. B aTHX

+ I,

CJIeJl.YIOIUHMH npaexaxa: BOB.ce nQf;!KpaIUa~TC_51_ nI>H .. ~o~n~~~H~~

npaseneaaux

snecs

npaaepoanan-' nOJIb30Ba-

HMHTaUIIfI tJer;'

anOXH crpororo

IlHCbMa

lIaCTO

1!$;J'X:I]J1~HHH

R2,

scnencraae

p' +-R_

iIeT~~Ha-

KaHOHHtJeCROH HMHTaUl:IeH. HMHTaUl151X I1MelOT

Flpeotinanaromee

J1.00HOCTH nacar's

B CJ10mHOM ROHTpanYHKTe,

KaK nanp.:

CJIenYIOIUHe BCTynJIeHHH

J'Ii'Hl1.

Ta6JIHUY

83):

I I,

h:-H.
Ii

2J E" -e-eornaaaeaoe RBHHTy H B

.,
3THM BCTynJ1eHH5IM BnOJIHe nOH5ITHO. OKTaBY COOTBeTcTByeT rrepeaocars OTHomeHHIO MeJIOnHIO H3 ee TOHOB

Flpennonreaae
HMHTaUH5I Memny rOJIOca oo'eMOM

rOJIOCOB H n03BOJUIeT

B rOJIOC, COXpaHH5I OTHOCHTeJIbHOe nOJIOmeHHe

H nOJ1YToHoB.I1MHTauHeH Hoe OOJIbUlHHCTBO mex nepen

B 3TH HHTepBaJ1hl HatJHHaeTC5I orpOMCTpororo nacsxa H B ,lI.aJ1bHeH-

COtJHHeHHH

nSHmeHHH COtJHHeHH5I OHH BCTpe'IaIOTCH

npeHMYIUeCTseHHO open-

BceMH np0tJI1MH. BnOJ1He eCTeCTBeSHO, tJTO ynoocrsa BCTynJIeHHH,

CTaBJ1HeMhle 3THMH HHTepBaJIaMH sart, ua HM npennoxrenae OCHosaHHH

3aCTaBJIHJIH OTJl.ame.

H B KaHOHH'IeCKOH HMHTaUHH. TIpH'lHHa

KOTOPOH HMeHHO TaKOH, H36HpaJIC5I pa3p5lna,

a He HHOH nOp51nOKnOJ1.J1H BCTynJIeHHSl COBepweHHO B KaHO-

CJ1enOBaHH513TI:!X crynenaa HHtJeCKOH HMHTaUHH I-fO

TaKme

nOH5ITHa.

Ilepesacxeaasre
oeHHOCTh, xaaarenen.a pernaIOIUHM I)

anecs

rpynnhI

BCTynJIeHHH npenCTaBJI5IIOT Ty OCOO,ll.HOrO H3 HaHOOJIee J1erI{HX no-

'ITO see OHH rpecyior HMeHHO

Iv = -

II. 3TO OOCTOSlTeJ1hCTBOH 51BJISleTC5I nopaaaa He HaJi)l.eHo. BCTyo.rreHHH.

OpH BhIoope

HMeHHO YKa3aHHoro

3roro

npHJJOlKeHHII B 6YMarax

C. VI.Taneeaa

(B. B.).

97 B Iv = HHIO CJIeUYIOw;eM
I

npHMepe

TOT iKe

Iv

rrOJIYIJ:aeTCH B3aMeH rarose aa cryneas BCTynJIe-

3THM~, TOphi,

npH~MaMH

nOJIb30BaJIl:lCb

11 n03Jl.HeHWHe MeCTa

KOMnQ,3HMeCCbI

BCJIeUCTBHe

nepenaaareaaa

Ri

KaK aTO BHJl.HO 83 cnenyromero

BHH3 B MOMeHT aenocpencrseano

npenurecrsyrouraa

R2.
M113.

Baxa _[lC()nfiteor):
;M11S.

Himo'I'aoa

•
p

Rz

----...J
I
"

..

I
NT.A·

tJ

1101
; .In

R,
/'""

tI

,
B npaxepe:

..

~J
00

I I.
I
L

J ~~JjJr,-rr
I

..-..

JJ
0

.P. XIV, Hi.

nml HCHOCTH, o6a

R2

MOMeHTa,

npeJ].CTaBJIHIOIllHe

C060IO KaK HHTep-

Ml14-

....

on

f--.-_

OCHOBHoe coennaeaae, SaJIa B HeM, MhI

T ." •

TaR H COeJl.HHeHHe C nepeneaof OTJJ.eJIbHO:

npaaonax

1--.0.

.
P

R __ ,

.-Jl I
I

-...

,.

B MOMeHT BCTyrrJIeHHH H

R2

erne

R2

eute

acrynaer

npH

Iv

= 1.
aa

He

npOH3011IJIO Ho cryneas 6h1

nepexeau

Ri,

HaIJ:HHaH co naepx

CJIeJl.YIOllleH npH 3a6blJI I13 cpaBHeHH5I aTHX COeJl.HHeHHH BHJl.HO, '-ITO npaBHJ!hHa51 6h1 aaecs

cnoea

HOTbI, 3THM

Iv = O.
MeHe

Rr

nepeHocHTcH

H nOJIYQaeTC5I

rrpHeMoM

MOiKHO rrOJIb30BaTbCH XOTH npHMepe

aootime

Iv

= o.

TPY.IJ:Horo

Iv

JIerKHM,

rrOCJIeJ].HHH H He

CJIeUYIOw;eM rroxaaareneii.

MhI BCTpeIJ:aeMC5I C nonoriaoa rpeoyeaoro BCTynJIeHHHMH

3aMeHOIO
IV=-12

Baecro

l1MHTaUH5I nOTpe6oBaJIa_

Iv = -

15:

In
BCJIeUCTBHe
IV=-II. ;Nl 1 !1 5.

..... 0 '')iO;

-8

II

B
Tpe6yeT BHH3 rrOJIyqq_eTCH

TO BpeM5I, KaR 60Jlee nerxoro

nepenaaaceaae nOKa3aTeJUI,

CJl.BHiKeHH5I

Rl

aa

cTyneHb

Iv = - 14:

6aca

na

cexynny

BBepx

Iv

0 0

- 11
•

lIlW'ec'J'o

P. XI, 28.

J
1

p I

-- ,
I

Iv =-

12 ')!

"1'%

J ,I

rJ~JII
rr...
.I
I

J~
~ I

3) KaHoH
CTBHe naacs paCTOHHHeM.

r-ro

pa3pHJla

3aMeH5JeTC51 RaHOHOM paCCT05lHHH HepaBHOM

aro,
C

BCJIenrrepShllI! nOiKH7

JJ

....

rlJ-

I,

BCTYOJIeHHH

R2

aa

R2

HJIH 3aMeJlJIHeT co CBOHM BCTynJleHHeM nJIH Hero MOMeHTa, RaI{ Hanp.

YJl06HOrO
0 K3HOHe.

YqeHHe

99

ner

HHHanOOHOCTMr, HH B03MomHOCTH,

ax

Bce..nepe'lHCJIHTb' 0,6paS'lHl<<t

H 110,

I{JIaCcHqmUH'pOBaTb.

xaxecrae.

aarepecaoro

.n.06HbIX BH.ll:OH3MeHeHHH npasenex

caenyiomaa-npaaep..

, .NH'20,

lfJIH R{e R2 scrynaer B KaHOHe r-ro

panee, Hanp .

qeM

.nOJImHa 6bIJIa

6bl

BCTynHTh

paspana,

.~m8.

o
nYIOmeit

TOM,

xar:

uncars

TaKHe

KaHOHbI, 6YlleT

CI{a3aHO B

cne-

r'nase. TIPH paBllbix paCCT05lHl1HX BCTynJIeHH5I non

4)

R.

I1MI1Tl1pyeT R2•

I1PR Tpe60BaJIa

paBlIblx ObI

paCCT05IHI1HX BC1'YOJIeHI1Sl' 9Ta liMH1'aUH5I no-

TeMY MeJIOnl1QeCl(Ii! TOQHO, HO .nJII1TeJIhHOC1'bee HOT 113MeH5IeTCH TaK, qTo6b1 HX MOR{HO 6b1JIO nO)lJIaDJITb npHMepe QaC1'b P-t'bl (a) BCTynJIeHHe

Iv = -~. 10
+s

cnenyiouiea

HMI1THpye1'c5I

Rl-t'0I0 R2 - t'e. BCTynJIeHl1e l(JIH .KaHOHa R2 nOJIYTaKTOM r-ro paspsna,

B YBeJIHQeHHH

~;1Ut

(b)

B 31'OM aane

KOHTpanyHK1'l1pye1'

n03R{e,

QeM 3TO OT

C.1e.!l.OB"a'JIo6bl HeOO.lWnHMOCTIl

OCBOOORmaeT TO me BpeMH

TTpHMeHeHl1H aroro

Iv. B
'11'0

BH.!I.OH3MeHeHHH TeMbl KOHTpanYHl{HOTaM

P. X,

411.

Rr - t'e
'ra

TaKOBhI, me

nepaua

HOTaM R2 - t'hI nepasnr

THpyeT 06pa3YH

~IaCTb MeJIO.!l.HH,qTO H

Ri - TbI,

COe.!l.HHeHHe TTpl1 Iv nOHHTHe oOJIerqaJIll 3TOM cax 0

= -:II.
H3 COqHHeHI1H fIaJIeCTpHHhI KOMn03HTophl noxasa3HcWtM.11H KaKHMI1 [IpHeMar.m npH

§ 94. Tlpaaeneaaue
.!I.alO1' HaM

npHMephI TOM,

XVI

sexa

ce6e

coqHiH~HHe

TPYllHblfC sonpoc:

TeJI.5IX. 'Ilpn

COOOIOHanpaUHIBaeTC5I

3TH KOMn03HTophI

COOTHOlIleHHe,' cymecreyioutee

MemnyHHTep-

BaJlaMH BCTynJIeHHH

11 TeM CJIO)HHhIM KOHTpanYHK1'OM, KOTOPhIH OTHocHteJIbHO 3HaJIH, roro, 'ITO CO-

3T11MH HHTepBaJIaMH Tpe6yeTC5I?

epexeauue
3JleCh
'I

fIaJIeCTpHHe

MY3hll{aHThI

'11'0 BbIU1enpI1BenpHMeHeHI15I MomeT 6blTb

. Mbl

scrynaea

06JIaC1'h

TaKHX no

13M.!I.Oll3MeHeHl1M 6eCIWHeqHOCTH 11

](eIlHble JUloiiHoro

BCTynJIeHHH B I\BHH1'y H OKTaBY Tpe6YlOT IWHTpanyHKTa JlyoneUHMhI-B 3TOM He

CMbJ, K01'opble

Mor:yrpa3Ho06pa3H1'hcR

7*

100 COMHeHlHI. Y)I{e O.I(HO'IaCTOe nOJIb30BaHUe 3TMMM BCTynJIel-tMHMlf

101

IIpM KaHOHM'IeCI{MX HMI1TaUMSlX.I(OJI)I(HO6blJIO HeJl36e)l(HO o'6fiaPY)I(I1Tb CBSl3b Me)iOI.Y 3TMMM BCTyn.1JeHMSlMH" .lI.BOHH61M KOHTpanYHKTOM JlYOJleUHMbT,npaBHJIa HOTOpoI'O 6bIJIH 06meI13BeCTHbl CBSl3b nOpSlJl-

Tlpaaepu
're

1'01'9 11 Jlpyroro

pa3pflJla

uepenxo

np.l1BOJl5ITC5I 6ec-

nOpHJlOIJHO nepeaemaaasrua 11 ,llpyrHe,

H He naercs

Yl(a3aHHH, KaK nI1CaT:

eCJII1 He C'I.l1TaTb sa YKa3aHI1e COBeT, nonasaeaun H BblQI1lTlaTb aamrcanaoe na TaIWH KOHTpaKaHOHOB B KaKOH

BO MHOrI1X YQe6HHHax-nepeMeH5ITb B K3HOHe JlO 'rex nyHKT, nop, noxa He

n I13JIaraJII1Cb B TOrJlaIllHI1X COBpeMeHHblX YIJe6HI1Kax. cha J(BOHHOro KOHTpanYHKTa ROM BCTynJIeHIiH JlYOJleUI1MbTC aaureynoanayrsrx

nananeurs

KOTOPbIH nOJlOHJlC'TKO 'acex

rOJIOCaM. AHaJIH3

MOrJIa JlJIH IWMn03HTopa npl:l H3MeHeHI1H aroro

BbISlCHHTbCSl11 I1HbIM nopnnxa BCTynJIeHI1il II

B 60JIhllIHHCTBe

CJIY'laeB CBO,llI1TC5I OnI1CaHI1lO 1'01'0, K

nYTeM. KamJlbTH pa3 OH

I1HTepBaJi KaRoH 113 rOJlOCOB

JlOJI)I(eH 6bTJI HeI13MeHHO HaTaJJI{I1BaTbCH na conpaaceaaae C npHMeHeHHeM 11 3aMeIJaTb npM

npenHTCTBHfI

scrynaer.

OTHOCI1TeJIbHO }I{e yqaII Oqra HHlJerO He

CTH5I nOJlBI1)1(HOrO KOHTpanYHI{Ta

B KaHOHax

HeYJl06cTBa,

60JIee

TPYJlHbTX II

MaJI0I13SeCTHbTX TOI'Jla IWHTpanYHI(T

IIv

rOBOpI1TC5I. I1cKJIlOlJeHMe B 3TOM OTHOIlleHI1I1 COCTaBJIHeT yQe6HI1K

3TOM, 'ITO JlBOHHOH BCTymreHI1n JleJIO peunrn, nI1CbMa ace re

JlYOJleUI1MbTnpH H3MeHeHHOM nopsnxe 60JIee JII:l HenpI1MeHI1Mbll\I. II.pyroe

51BJISleTCHY)l(e nonpoc, 3HaJI~

Eyccnepa. B 3TOM
C

YIJe6HI1He

KaHOHbl

pa3JleJlHlOTC5I na H rasae, Ho

TaHI1e, xoropue

rne nI1-

npI1MeHHel'CH "JlBOHHOH KOHTpanYHI<T" myrca

IWMn031:1TOpbT CTpororo

noxoursio

npocroro

HOHTpanYHHTa.

raaoe

YKa3a-

BCTynJIeHI1Sl, npH

l{OTOPbTX rpeoyerca

I1MeHHO TOT, a He JlPYonWweHI11O no npll'

HMe OIJeHb HenOJIHO.

rOH: JlBOHHOH ROHTpanYHKT

J(

M MOrJIH JII1 OHM no

Bo-nepaux
rne

neI13BeCTHO, H HaI<OHHaTerOpI1I1 HMeeT nepecraaoaay npSlMylO,

npI1lJMCJII1Tb RaHOHbI, "a TaK)I(e xyna

Ka)l(JlOMY nOpSlJlKY BCTynJIeHHH Ha

HaHTI1, aupastaacs l-lymHo,

Iv

OTHeCl'H Bce HaHOHbI C HepasHblMH paCCT05lHM5IMM

IiHTOH: HaMH TepMHHOJIOrHH. HH5IM noxasarens?

COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHH 3TI1M BCTynJIe· nOBI1JlHMOMY, OT-

HCTynJIeHI1iL

91'01' sonpoc

Ho

HaJlO OTJlaTb CnpaBeJlJIHBOCTb

Byccnepy

B TOM,

~ITO OH BCe-TaHI1 51CHeeJlPyrI1X YCMOTpeJI CBH3b Me)liJlY CJIO)l(HblM HOHTpanYHHTOM H I<aHOHOM 11 JlaJI nenoropue 3aHH5J, KaK Hanp., npaBI1JIbHbIe YKa-

BeTMTb OTpMuaTeJIbHO. no nacs aa TpyJlHO HaHTM MHeHHSl. TOqHO crayer

RpaHHeH Mepe B COqHHeHI151X crpororo npOTHBOnOJIO)l(HOrO 9TOMY COIJI:lHeHI1HXOTCYT'

nonraepacnenae

ratoxe

OTHOCHTeJlbHOnpI1MeHeHI151JlBOHHOro ROHTpaRaHOHax, no orneay lJTO 3Ta npHMe-· c'rpe-

H B TeOpeTH'leCI(HX

pa3'5JCHeHHe

3THX BonpOCOB. ECJm H CIJI1TaTbCSlC TeM npeiaaero nepmaaa BpeMeHI:l, nOJl06HO cpencsoero nplieMallI, reneps

IIYHKTa B .lJ.ByxrOJIOCHbIX 6eCROHe'lHblX

<jJaKTOM, 'ITO HeBeKOBblM

MY3blKaHTbI apxarearopaa,

§ 96. Henocra'rouaoc'rs
HOHTpanYHKTHlJeCKaSl ~opMa

TeOpeTI1'leCRI1X caenenaji 60JIee omYTI1TeJIbHa,

HaHOHH'oIeCKOHHMI1TaUHI1H l'eM

B TaHHe npnens;

MOrJIa 6b1 I1MeTb 60JIbIllOe

HCKYCCTBa, TO 3TO MO)l(eT OTHOCI1TbCSlJII1Wb K TaKIiM J(OTOPbTMI1 OHH nOJIh30BaJIHCb npH COIJIlHeHHI1, aMbI l'OBOPHM UMeHHO 0" TOM, CJIe)lOB 'Iero 3aMeTHO.

HeHI1e H B COBpeMeHHOH: MY3blI{e) BbIKa3bIsalOIHeH sootinie MJIeHI1e

I{

B I1X COqI1HeHMSlX He-

HOHTpanYHHTI1'leCROMY nl1cbMy.

Bee

re

~OpMbI KaHO-

HRqeCHOii RMHTaUI1H, HOl'OPbIMI1 nOJIb30BaJIHCb CTapble xacrepa, Moryl' H reneps HaH:l'H csoe npHMeHeHHe B HOMII03HUI1I1, ua-

§ 95. Paccaorpeaaun
IWHTpanYHKTH'IeCROrO npHMepoB

snecs

OTJle.iI TpeXrOJIOCHOH KaHOHlIBa)l{HOCTb JlJISl CO'IHHeHl1ii nOJlTBep)l(JlaeTC5J 06HJIHeM

~IeCROH I1MI1TaUHH I1M'eeT 60JIhWYlO CTUJISl, 'lTO 3TOH

IIOJIHeHHble HOBblM COJlepiI(aHHeM. Ho

COBpeMeHHbIH ROMn03Hl'Op. 'rex-

BOQPymeHHHbIH BCeMI1 YCOBepweHCTBOBaHH5IMH HOBeHweH HRKl1: xpOMaTH3MOM, MOnYJI5IUH5IMI1,06RJIMeM JlRCCOHHpYlOmHX COlJeTaHI1H H npOlJ., orpanavasa'rs npemHI1e MacTepa ceria l'eMH paMHaMH, caxocroarensaux

npHMeHeHI15J

HMI1TaUHI1,

npencraanmouraxca
H CBo60JlHOro OTHOC5ImI1XC5I JlO

H npOlJ., He axeer B ROl'OPblX

nOBOJlR

HaM B KOHTpanYHRTI1tfeCRI1X COlJlmeHI15JXcrpororo nI1CbMa. Ho Toro uanpacao CTaJII1 6b1 MbI HCKaTh

apauianacs

HOMn03I1TOpbl. TaH, B KaHOHHlJeCKOHHMHTaUHI1 crapue ocorienao UeHI1JII1 re BCTynJIeHH5I, xoropue npa HX naa-

OTJleJIa CBeJleHI1H B TeOpeTI1'leCTmX BpeMeHH. 06 3THX KaHOHax

COqI1HeHI15JX npexmax BC1WJIb3h.

II naurero

ynovanaercn
OTJII1qaIOluee

Canoe
npyrax

TOHH3Me TOrJlaIllHHX l'Ioc-tlo HMlll'I1pOBaTb.

MeJIOJlI1H JlaBaJIH B03MO)l{HOCl'b nJIH cospeaeaaoro xeasmee

C TOlJ-

pa3JleJleHl1e na

HaHOHbI C paSHbIMI1 H pa3JIl1lJHblMIl paccyuiecraeauo OJlHH OT

KOMn03I1TOpa nonoriasre 3HalJeHHe. TIOJIb3YSlCb TO\IITO~i

CTOHHI1SlMI1BCTynJIeHHH, no

c006paJlreHHH

MMelO'i' ropasno

IIpHeMRM I1X COlJI1HeHHSl,B Y'le6Hl1KaX

OTCYTcTsyeT.

3HaKaMH H3MeHeHI15J, MOJlYJISlUH5IMH T. n. OH nocrame'r M

102 HMUTaUHH 'OpHRaKHX HDBMinneeCH HOMnD3HTopbl B yrOD.HD ecrynneanax,

'Cymecrayer
aa
erne

ycra-

MHeHHe, ,6YP.T06hl

HH)J,epJlaH)1.CHHe'u: 'HTaJlhH!l.CI<Ue BCe'CJJYLJaH RaHDHa. YKa3aTh

crpororo nacsxa acnepnana onpoaepaceaae 31'.0['0 MHeHHH MDmHD

RaHDHHLJeCRHX MMHTaUHIT, CJJYLJaH 3TH CBO.L(SlTCH R

p;;] ~
A'j AS'CDE 8'1. ~Ol

C2 E,

ueaue
He HCr1PH B2

D6,rraCTH

nOBH)1.HMOMY;

npo6DBaHHhIX. a) HeD6hI'IHhIe BCTymIeHHSI, CJJY'laH

)1.Byl\1 RaTerDpHHM:

BCTynJJeHHH

npa

D6lUeynDTpe6HTeJJhHhlX

IIv

b)

rpeoyioume

+ D,.

BCTynJleHHH R2 nOJlYQalOTCH COe)1.HHeHliH OT)1.eJIOBA2 If T. )1.. Kam)J,oe', H3 3THX

+ Ci,
HYiKHO TaR

COe)1.HHeHHM npIiHa)1.JIeiKHT ero CJIe)1.yeT

npHM,eHeHHHpe)1.HO BCTpetIalOlUHXCH

o6eHM TpHBaTb

RR -

t'aa

Ii

aa
ce6e

3TOM OCHOBafHlH

paccxa-

nepaon xareropaa BITDJJHe)1.DcTynHhI )1.JJSl yLJaIUerDC~ nDJIh3010 xor-yr 6hlTb npaaeaaeau B ero pariorax. CJJYLJaH BTDpDM xareropna 60JJee npMrD.L(HhI )1.JJHBnOJJHe onsrraoro Ii 3peJJDrO KOHTpanYHRTucTa. Te Ii )1.pyrlie orxpsraaior )1..1H1 CD' npexeaaoro HOMIT03HTDPa, MHDrD HDBblX RDlIf6MHliQMM, .L(DCeJJe He McnhITaHHhIX.' HD naace, orpaaaaaaaa ceria TeMM HaHOHH4eCRHMH tj>DpMaMH" RaRHMH nDJJh3DBaJlMCb MaCTep'a ~CTporDrD HHCbMcl, H YCBOHB ce6e CBD6o)1.HOe C HUMH 06XDiK)1.eHMe,Coape-

IIv. 11 c

RaR tlPOIi3BO)1.HOe

(§

73)'

Ho

31'0 npOH3BOJlHOe He HMeeT Ii

COOTBeTCTBYfOluero BDCCTaHOBHTb KaR 31'.0

nepBOHaLJaJlbHOrO, M H HMO I' 0

nocnensee

nDCpeJlCTBOM

CO e

n H H e H H H.
H

MHHMDe CDeJlHHeHHe 3aMeHHeT co601O

TD B COCTaB ero JlDBaTeJIhHD,

no.nacaa

BDHTH P.

nepaoaasaasaoe, MHHMoecoeJlHHeHHe, cne-

(P

+ R. ..),

6Y)1.eT CDCTOHTb H3 rDJlOCOB rJlaBHDrD

ero

npoasaonnoe

H3

rOJJOCOB

Ri + R2.

MHHMorD MHHMoe BOT-

COelI.HHeHHe JlOJIII(HO 6hITh

nOJl06HO

COeJlI1HeHHfO R,

+ R2

MeHHhlM l{DMITD3UTOP D.uHMM' 3TMM Yil{e BeSOH HHI{aMM. COtIHHeHHH,

saecer

He MaJID

aosoro

rax

RaR MHOrDe 1131'01'0, tITO YMeJJH H 3HaJm 3a6bITO HaWHMH COBpeMeH-

npeacune .xacrepa,

cosepureaao

r JI A B A
3-x-rOJlOCHbIM HOH611HbiMKaHOH2-ro (a)., npMM6HeHHe nneKMK :pasnMIIHble

VIII.
paapsaa. PaCCTORH.HRBCTYropH30'HTUbHocnO,llBMlKHCJro

aoureana paCCTOHH£iH,Hanpa:BJleHHSI H aarepaana BCTynJIeHHH. ,Uml DnpeJleJIeHHH MOMeHTa H aarepsana BCTynJJeHHH MHI1MOrO rDJlOCa cnenyer B 06paTHOM HanpaBJJeHHH 01' R2 OTMepHTb paCCTOHHHe H HHTepBaJl BCTynJleHHH, paaaue paCCTOHHHfO it HHTepBaJlY acrynneaas R, - t'h1 (cpaana § 52). TIpeJlIlleCTBYIOIUaH cxeua, C npHCOeJlHHeHHeM OTJleJIOB MHHMoro ronoca, noJIYLJHT CJleJlYfOIUHH BHJl: {R ... )
A ••• ~ ... C ...

,
(R)

(R2)
(FI, )
A ~,

'1..2

62 O. E

C2, O2 E2 E,

KOTpanYHKTa.

B, C

c,
0,

,§ 97. B'TOJlbl{O xaaoaa paCCTOSlHHSl

3TOtO, MeiKJlY, I(()TOphIe MemIlY

'11'0

npOM:ueHHOM 6bIJlH

OTAeJJe<3·x-rOJ.lOCf!ora BCJleJlCTBlie

MOMeRT

BCTynJleHHH

R... onpenenaercs scrynaer

BCTynJleHuH

OJlI1HaHOBbl.

nJIeHHH Mem.uy T. e. BJleBO, a

P H RI,B3SlTblM HMeHHO: R,

OT R2 B 06paTHoM

Ri

H .Rz'nOJIYLJaJlHct> 'nepeJl

raane

COBITaJleHHH OTJle~OB,

paccroaaaex BCTYaanpaanenaa, na OTJleJl n 03 ii, e P - t'lll,

aenocpencrsenao
Hal{' TOT

TeM 6h1J1H:y TOM

P
H

C060IOCOBni:l.tl.eH~H'

'DT.n.eJl,OB B

Rt.. CpaBHHB3'51 npyrox cnyvae

KaH

R... scryrraer na

OTJleJl p a H e e R2 - t'h1.
apo'H3BO;tMOP

n'paCCMaTpHBaSl"O.L(IW BdJi,HOe,' MhI;'HaXOAHM :uaHHbtt\ HHli fRaHoH'] Ho

rtepaoaasasn.aoe.tnpyroe
YC.ilOBHHl\f 'RoToporo, . BCTynHthHa

.npoas-

Iv,

'j:>

nOJltIHHHeTCH HHOM

CTOHT R2 - t'e

paccros3THM

I I

'R,

(el

R,.

01' ;.R, - t'bI', : I LJeM :1'0, P-.t'N;'

na xoropoe
RR't'aMI1i

'nerBflHa'l.3JlLHOe l\JHJI,~O~

.(

~ ••••

nOCJleJlHSlH

BCTymlJIa

<>11:,

W'

MellOlY

06eI1MH

.nO('fiYlJ;;t.IOTCH: cosrraMeJIOI),

nyrex

nOJlYLJafOTCH B

MHHMOM

COeJlliHeHHH RR - t

Te me co-

:n.eHIiH

raaax

'foT.ll.eJlOB,

;lwTopble'

panee+

eo:6olO'

:He

COBnaJleHHH OTJleJIDB, tITO Ii B COeJlHHeHHHX 6010:

MemJlY

COBnaJlaJlH.

A ..+C, B...+D

H T. n,

104

Flpennonoatasr,
CJIe.u.YIOIUHe:

'ITO

HHTepBaJIbI

BCTynJIeHHH

B aTOM «aHOHe

;N!

121.

..
R,
~I

R"
i

...
~ ~

... .
~~
t

~
P R, I.,~..

~~~

T. e.

noazre P - t'bI H aa «BapTY B bI III e, R ... .!l.OJImHa BCTynHTb na O.!l.HH OT.!l.eJI paHee R2 - t'u (xax ::lTO MbI BH.u.eJIH na npemuecrayromea cxexe) H aa xsapry H H m e ee.
acrynaer O.!(HH OT.!l.eJI

Rr

na

,
,

~~
.A •• LlB

t.!:_j L!!_j

L..!::..J~
L-!=J l2::.:..J

6""4

S!:

.•• f ~.:_H£.:.;;:_J

-----...=-IG ••. , III KT.J.l

...

R ••.

ECJlH 60JIbIlle

rrepsoe

paCCTOHHHe (xeacny

BCTynJIeHHH

(Mem.u.y

Rr)

sroporo

paaee Rl - t'sr, aanp,

Ri

R2),

TO MHHMblH rOJIOC BCTynHT

.
.

P ~)
R.o.

R, I

...----,

..

R2 I

=11 ii
KaHOHa H cxeaa C TOIO sa'ITO pa3pH.u.a,

..

TaKHM a-ro paspsna

06pa30M

cxeaa

KOHe'lHOrO me

3-x-rOJIOCHOrO

COCTaBJIHeTCH TeM 6eCKOHe'IHOrO 'ITO

cnocooou,

--+ -

2-X-rOJIOCHOrO

KaHOHa rcro

me

TOJIhKO paaanueio,

MeCTO

liP

3-x-rOJIOCHOM

KaHOHe

crynaer R2.
MbI paCCMOTpeJIH coennaeaaa paCCMOTpeTh B KaHOHe llIeTCH COe.!l.HHeHHe TO

P + R2.

P + R...
TaR C aero

KaK

Ri + R2. OCTaeTCH R2 ecrs nOCJIe.u.HHH

rOJIOca nn" .. ft.

R - t'a,
H3

coenaaeaae

rJIaBHOrO

B npOCTOM 3-e KBapTbI

KOHTpanYHKTe

H K 3TOMY coe.u.HHeHHIO npanpaBHJI, KacalOllIHXCSI yno-

'--- /,

MeHHMO

.u.onOJIHHTeJIbHblX

Tpe6.lJeHHH

(§ 89).
KaHOH IlaJIecTpHHbI, HanHcaHHblH no cxexe H npe.u.cTaBJIHIOIUHH oT.u.eJIhHblH 3aKOH-

§ 99.
'leHHHblH

IlpHBo.u.HM

...... 10

-I
/

npemnecrayiouiea HOMep.

..n"

..

106 §
100. ITOP5lJlOH nHCaHH5I HaHOHa cnenyiouraa. no nOpHJlKY ronoca-c-oyner no BCTYnJleHHH rpersero JlH nOCJleJlHHH

.' 7 10
-

101. IT P a B H JI 0 Y nOT p e 6

JI

e H H 51 K Rap T bI H H 0 H bl

MHHMblM HJlH peaJlhHbIM-I<aHOH Tpe6J1eHH5! KBapTbI B

nHUIeTC5! KaK 06hlHHOSeHUblM:

Jl JI H M H. HMO roc

0 e n H H e H H 51. ECJlH

06e RR

CYTb ronoca

JlByxrOJlOCHblH. (OTHOCHTeJIbHO B03MomHOCTU CB060JlHOrO ynoB MHHMOM COeJlUHeHUU rOBOpHTC5I HI1me

-cpenHHH H BepXHHM:-HHalJe {)O)lHOe ynorperineaae BBepxy

CHa3aTb, eCJIH HaHOH HalJHHaeTC5! )lOnYCKaeTC5!CBO)lHCCOHHpYlOllla5! HOHa

iI{e,

HI1)1{HHM rOJlOCOM,-TO B MHHMOMcoenaseaaa xsaprsr,

102). HanHCaHHa5! lJaCTb

P - t'hl

nepenacsmaercs ro.noca,

aa

Tpe-

6yeMbIM: UHTepBaJi BO ace ocranaasre MHHMblH (CM. 2-10 cxeMY OTJleJIOB§, CTeneHHO, no O,UHOMY orneny. rOJIOCaM naaaoro

BHJlIOlJa51 CIOJla U

(8),

He nonYCHaeTC5I. Bo scex nHUIeTCH no

JlPyrI1x cJlYlJaHX MHHMoe 2-X-rOJlOCHOrO npocroro no-

98).

3aTeM

TIHUIeTC5Ino-

-coenaaeaae

npaaanasr

Ra)J{JlblH HaIU:lCaHHbIH OTJleJi ITPH 3TOM P HOHTp'anYHHBepTHKaJIbHOrO CTOJI6na TaK, nax, C MHHMhIM rOJIOxa-

KOHTpanYHHTa, B HOTOPbIM: orYT 6blTb BBOJlHMbl capu'rue M 'CJle)J,OBaHHH ToM: xepe, B coenaaeaae <COHaHC. rOJlOCHOMHOHTpanYH1<Te (§ ,{;ynYlJH nepeaeceaa

P - t'bl
'rapyer 'lT06bl

nepeHOCHTC5I BO see ronoca. HO sceu oopasosars

B KaIWH OHH 1I,onYCTHMbl B MHoro-

~4).

13 CJIeJlYlOrueMnpauepe
oripamaercs

MAHMoe B HOH.

C peaJIbHblMH rOJlOCaMHnpaBHJlbHblM: 3-x-ro-

HalJHHaeTCH.C HenpI1rOTO~JleH~OM: BapTbl, 1{0TOpa~, H B peaJIbHble, ronoca,

JlOCHblH HOHTpanyHKT HOT n e JI b HOOT COM-npaBHJlbHblH 2-X-rOJlOCHblH, BblnI1UIIfM MHHMoe coennaeaae HOHe 2-ro paapsna (§ 99).

B npIfBeJleHHOM asnue

3TOM npauepe

nepBaH HOTa 'R2

t'bl

yxoposeaa

aa no)I{e }j3Me-

~'10BHHy;lJlHTeJlhHOcTU.' 3TOMY COOTBeTCTByeT raxoe HeHHe nepsoa HOTbI MHHMoro ronoca. RBapThI B MHHMOM coenaaeaaa BCTpelJaeTCHTal{me B

CB060,UHoe ynorperineaae

cnenyiomea

npnxepe:
J'M24.

p- XII, 1~9,

h~~ii:. __ ~~.~$~5f--~~ ~rr=r~::j~~.$~I=-~-~--~~-~-' s~~i~~'

I.,..
p

IIIU

R.___ .

'--1--

_~4·-m~~~.~iEil·~~
,1-+-.
{I

-~~~'~~-0
.....
L..__
.
-, /

108

109

Ilia
lin

ab;~

(=p)

---

M125.
.---1--.

~
Ilia R,
IIr,)
.R ...

____

G.O.1lRI. (loan •• o

-I.".. --

..-

cnenytouryio OC06eHHOCTh aroro npaaepa, B aaTfaJIe 7-ro raxra Ri nepecraer 11MPlTHpOBaTb P - t'y, nepexonn B CB06011HblH ROHTpanYHl<T. Ho sra, He3aSI1CHMaH 01' P - t'bI 'IaCTb xe.ionaa, HMHTHpyeTcfl R2 - t'01O S aasane 9·ro TaRTa.
OTMeTHM TaRHM 06pa30M, Ha4HHaH C 7·ro TaRTa, RaHOH H3 3-x-rOJIOC-

!\louton)

--

_,.---...

aoro nenaercs 2-X-rOJIOCHbIM 11 ero P - t'01O CTaHOBHTCH npexrHHSI RI. Mbl B Ri - t'e 0603Ha'IHJIH 31'0 ran: (=P), T. e. C 31'01'0 MOMeHTa Rr CJIyiHHT P - t'01O llJlH llsyxrOJIOCHOrO RaHOHa. Ee me R - t'01O HSJlHeTCH npeiHHHjJ R2, 'ITO B HeH 0603HaLJeHO rax: (=Rl).
§
102. BbIwenpHBelleHHbIe CJlY'IaH cB06011Horo
C

Ilia
Ilia

-+

ynorperineR 0 H-

I lin

R~

HH5I RBapTbI He

cnenyer
if

CMeWHBaTh no

rax

Ha3bIsaeMOH
l{

co

H H P Y 10 m e

RBa p r 0 H CHHfwne

ts

...
-

OTHoweHHIO Der 6bI

Bblllep)lmHHOH S.220),

HOTe HHiHHerO rOJIOca (CM. Bellerman, BCTynalOlll.eH

Contrapunct,

ceris,

aa

HEaR

npHr0TOBJISliomeH

caxoe §
103. OTHOCHTeJIbHO llJIHHbI MHI1Moe MHHMoro .3aMeTHTb -6YllYlll.ee

IUlR

nanp,

cnenyioutee.
COell[IHeHHe

coennueaae rne onaa

coeaaaeana npencraanaer
HHX

nano
C06010

neyx RR.

ECJIH B COelll1HeHHH nOCJlellHHX H3

(Ri +R2)
mmeHHH

OTMeTI1M TO MeCTO,

npexpauiaer

<CS01O HMHTall,HIO, 'PO B COOTBeTCTBYIOU.{eM MeCTe MHHMOrO coe-

MOM COellHHeHHH HblH

npepaarr.cs H MHHMblH ro.noc. ECJIH )I,e B MHH· panee 3TOrO MOMeHTa P nepexonar B cs060h.KOHTpanyHKT, TO C 3TOrO MOMeHTa MHHMOe coennaeaae
1l0JIIHeH MHororOJ10CHblX C04HHeHH51X

-CTaHOBHTCHYiHe 113J1HWHI1M.

§ 104. B aepenxo rpn

,B

crpororo

rmcsaa

ronoca

06pa3ylOT

RaHOHI1LJeCRYIO I1MHTaUl11O

TO BpeM51, xax OCTa.1JbHbIe CJIY)HaT JJ.JI5I HHX llOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIMH. HaqaJIO HaHOHCl, H3BJIeQeHHOro H3 UJeCTl1rOJIOCHOrO BCTpe4alOlll.aHCH
B

I101106Hoe ynoTpe6JIeHHe

RBapTbI H3

acerna
H

llonYCTlIMO

B MHHMOM

I1pnBO.ll.HM

coenaaeaan,
Hanp.

XOTH 6h1

onaa

RR

6h1JIa HHiHHHM rOJIOCOM,

.Agnus
'(SapTa

Dei"

I1aJIeCTpHlclbI.

5-0M

'rarrre

1l0nOJIHHTeJIbHbIllf rOJIOCOM 06pamaeTC51 B HOHCOHaHC.

IIQ

III

§
abo

105.

3aKaHlJHBaH

yqeHHe

3-x-rOJIOCHOM

I{OHelJHOM xa-

HOHe, ynoMHHeM

0 TOM 3Ha'IeHHH,

RaKOe RaHOH 3TOT HMeeT .lI.JIH nocnenOOJIee

=<>=

ynpaiKHeHHH Hero

B nOJl.BHiKHO~ ROHTpanyHRTe;. rIpHMeHeHHe qeM

B 3-x-rOJIOCHOM RaHOHe 51RJlHeTCH <popMax ropasno B

.NH2S. Canon
A

paaaooopaaaux,
P

npaaeneuae

ero

B 2-X-rOJlOCHOM oeCRo-

._

~-

.-

;~

$S

HeqHOM RaHOHe. HeOOXO.ll.HMOCTb nJIH 'p

- t'u,

KOHTpanyHRTl1pyH

Ri-

t'e,

HJm iKe

ROHTpl;lnYHI<THpyH MHHMOMY npaBHJlbH;blH 3-x-rOJlOCHblH ecri, Tpe60BaHHe

roxocy.icsepx

Toro

06pa30BbIBaTb
L

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C o6eHMir

, ....
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I·~

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B 2-X-rOJlOCHOM RaHOHe

OTCYTCTBYlOmee• 3TO HOBoe

L

rpeooaaaae,

sueceaaoe
ananers

3-x-rOJIOC-

ReBo/ull'o

I{blM

RaHOHOl\l, YCJIOiKH51H 3anasy,

qpe3BblQaHHO

coneHcTByeT nOnBI1iHHblM xaxoe

pa3BHTHlo JlerROCTH H rHOl\OCTH B 'yMeHbH

Resoilltio
I I

ROHTpanYHKToM. 3-x-rOJlOCHblH

MbI

He rOBopHM

yxce 0 npeaxytuecrne,

ROHeqHblH RaHOH HMeeT nepen 2-X-rOJIOCHblM 6ecI{

-R,

KOHeqHblM B npHMeHeHHH JIOCHhlH RaHOH MaTepHaJI .lI.JIH TpanyHRTe, JIHUlb C

ROMn03HUHH. PaCCMaTpHBaH 3-x-roTO'IRH 3peHHH, RaR B 2-X'rOJIOCHOM eMY B nO.ll.BHil;HOM ROHH nepe.ll. no-

nenarorasecxoa

ynpaaoreuan

CJIenyeT

OT.lI.aTb

npeHMyruecTBO 4-x-rOJIOCHOM

4-x-rOJlOCHbIM.

TO BpeMH RaK

HaHOHe

CTOHHHO npI1XOnHTCH, HMeTb npHMeHeHH5I 3-x-rOJlOCHOrO JIOCHbIH: RaHOH BO scex

neno

.«

<popMaMH, Tpe6ylOllI.HMH 3·x-roTpe6yer npHMeHeHHH

nOJ].BH,!{HOrO 'KOHTpanYHKTa, 06'eMe

CBoeM

.
l.

mlIlIb

2-X-rOJIOCHOro

nOJ].BH)I(HOrO ROHTpanYHI<Ta. 3-x-rOJlOCHblH nepaoe

xanecrae ROHeqHblH

nOCOOIUI )l.JI51 H3Y"leHH51 nocaenaero, ,](aHOH JT,OJl}l(eH, n03TOMY, 3aHHTb

I

..
!
i ""

MeCTO cpenHBcex

.r: ~
Iil~
./

......;.
I

OCTaJlbHblX.

,"",

. _' •
"

[I
"'-b-

t-

•
r I

f-"'=;=

.;

--I-.

IT2

P3 Ilpoaepax
CRa3aHHOe

tra

[BMwenpHBe,UeHHOH

II. 4-x·rOJIOCRbnl KOREqRhlll KAROH.

rnABA IX.
4-x-ronOCHbIM HOHe'lHbIA KaHOH

JUIB ee na OT,UeJIbI, COOTBeTCTBYIOw,He nepBOMY Ii ero npOH3BO,UHbIM; RaK :=iTO BH,UfW HHiKe:

cxeue, pasnenepaoaanansaoay
.

1-ro paspaaa.

PaCCTORHMR scryn-

.naHMA OAMHaHOBbl (aaa).

npMMeHeHHe HOHTpanYHHTa.

BepTMKanbHO - nOABMJt(Horo 3.ueCb. MbI BH,UHM,qTO] OT,UeJIOB A. npuBCTynJIeHHH Te HaHOHa .uBailmbIA2 RI no.nysaerca npli H As coenaco r

§ 106.
aoro

PaccMOTpHM

cXeMaTH'leCKOe paapsna:

H306pa)l{eHHe

[a-x-ronoc-

HeHHe. ooa nneaaa

+ B.

)He OT,UeJIbI cosnanaror

Meilmy

ROHe'lHOrO

RaHOHa r-ro (Rg

(R2)

B .uaJIbHeHUleM xone HOBOH R-t'hI,

')

(r)

(Rt)
A

A,3 B3 ca DH E3 fa-fI Ai 82 C2 O2 £2 Fj! Al Ell C1 Dl El I=L

8
C

B coenanenaa counanarouiae pens aeaan a R2

+R

a HMeliHO: BI

OTJl.eJIbI A H

B ronocax:

+ C,

B;
CI

+ HI

+ 82.

Ra)rOI.PM BCTY-

Ma

B3HJIl:l

+D

HO H CJIe.uYIOII.lI1e aa HHMH, H T . .u. B CBOIO one-

nOBTopHIOTCH JJ.BaiH,Ubl: B coe,UHHeHHH Rl

+ R3,

+ R2

H B coennTaJ"

RUM 06pa30M

IbBeCTHO

(§ 73),

Ri

+ R2

l:l R2

+ RI + R3

nepeCTaBJIHHCb HBJIaeTCa ero

B TOM )I(e caMOM nopanue. nepBOHaqaJIbHhIM

coeJJ.HHeHHeM.

npOH3Bo.uHbIMU.

qTO P -J'bI

8 HOHe'lHOM

KaHOHe

r-ro

pa3p5IJJ.a xa-

1I<.rJ.oe coennneaae nOCJIe,UHeH-, ecrt,

<{TO I\oJIU'leCTBO

C l(a){(.rJ.oti H3 RR nepscnananaaoe.

t,

3a HCRJIIO'leHHeM I13BecTHO TaR)I{e,

Tlepexonax R CJIe.uYIOlli,eMY nepaoaauansnoay r JIaCHO HH)I{enpHBe.ueHHoH cxeue:

( Ra) ( R2) ( Rt) Ba
C2

R2. [CO-

coenaueuae

nepsoaavaasuux B 4-x-rOJIOCHOM coe~HHeHHe TaI\

coe,UHHeHHH

xaxrnoro

ROHe'l-

aoro 'TaRHM

RaHOHa paBH5IeTC5I 'lHCJIY rOJIOCOB HaHOHa MHHyC JJ.Ba(§ 06pa30M, coeJ].HHeHl-!51:

75).
(p)
coananaiomae uanaror nanenae Bl1.I1.eAa +.CI,

c~
O2

03 £3 Eoz Fl F2

HOHe'lHOM HaHOHe 1-1'0 pa3p5lJJ.a

J].Ba nepBOHa'laJIbHblX nepBOHaqaJIbHOe

+ R,

Ii

+ R2.

Kaaoioe

A, ~ BC

~
0

Dl E

El F

F'J
+
C nanee COBB COBB TOM

HMeeT

CTOJIbRO

npOH3BO.rJ.HblX, I\aHOHe Tpll

CROJIbRO RR - t scryrraer 31'01'0 nepaonaaansuoro. 113BO.rJ.HbIX: I R OllRO R - t'sr, TO nepBOHa'laJIbHOe

nOCJIe TOH, I\oTopaH coenaaeane I(aR P

BXOJ].HT B COCTaB

npn

BCTynJIeHIUI pa3 npl1

R2 ornenu: BCTynJIeIiHH TO'lHO

A2

RaI, B 4-x-rOJIOCHOM

+ R2

H R2 R2

npOl-I3B01l,Hee

+ R3,

+ R3,

R.

TOJIbRO onaa OT.rJ.eJIOB y

nOCJIellHeH

Rvt'sr,

HMeeT naa npo-

a nepaouavam.aoe

P + R2

T. e, y R3 H

HMeeT

P + R2

Ri.

ratoxe

llallbHeHIIIee

nOBTOpaeTC5I, nepeCTaBJIeHHOe

::lTO BI1JlHO H3

CJIeJJ.YIOlli,eH

nee nOp5I,U·Ke, y Rl

H R3.[IocJIellHee

COe.Il.~HeHHe 5IBJI5IeTCH, raH_nepBOHa'laJIhHOMY rrp0I13BO.Il.HOro, ecrs nocOTJIH'laeTCH rOJIOca, 'upyr 3a

cxeau:
~------~---\I'------O(~"----' !XI
p

P + R2.

RHM 06pa3Q¥, Eho

rrpOM3BOllH~V4 II()-pTHOIIleHHIO rrepsoaavansaoe R

He HMeeT npyroro 9TO He rrepnoaasansrroe

TaR RaR R3, BXOllalll,aa JleJ].HH5I B RaHOHe OT paccaorpennux ero nae

1

B COCTaB eronpOH3BO.Il.HOrO,

(§

75).

.Il.0 CHX nop OJl.HH rOJIOC

COe;l,I1HeHHH: TeM, 'lTO HenocpeJ].CTBeHHO RI).

COCTaBJI5IIOlll,l1e, BCTynaIOT a 'lepe3

unuoue.

npyroa,
Y 1('IJltC

(sepea

Taxoso

)I(e BCTynJIe-

rOJIOCOB H B ero
0

np0I13BoJ].HOM COellI1HeHHH. 8

IIS
nepnonavansrnax C.oe,ll,HHeHMH P + Ri, P + R2 SMeCTe C I1X npoaaaonmraa. tIT.o iKe RaCaeTC.H coenaHeHMH P c' nocnenaeti B xaaone R-t'.oH (P+R3); 'ro coennaeaae 9T.o RaK He MMeIOmee ce6e nonorinoro B ,ll,aJIbHeiiweM ,ll,BHiKeHMlJo xanona, He M.omeT 6b1Tb HM nepB.oHaqaJIbHbIM, HM rtponasonasne H nMmeTCH B npocroa xotrrpanyax're. (OTH.oCHTeJlbH.o ynorperiJIeHHH B 9T.oM C.oe,ll,MHeHHM RBapTbI CM. nume § 89 npaBHJI.o 3-e). § 107. Ilepaoaasam.aoe P + Rr, MMeIOru.ee J],Ba np.oM3BO,ll,HbIX, namercs npM ,ll,BOMH.oMIv, ROT.oPbIM .o6.o3HaqMM J(a~J~'. Tlepaun ""M3 .!I.ByX nORa3aTeJIeM ,ll,B.oMHOrO Iv CJlYiKMT .!I.JIH nepeoro np.onsaonaoro (Ri + R2}, STOPOH - .!I.JISIBT.oPOrO np.oM3BoII.HOrO' (R2 R3) [liT.o6bI narnsnaee npencraatrn, ce6e 9TO, B03bMeM ~JIeII.YIOmyl() cxeay BCTym1eHMM 4-x-r.oJIbcH.orO xoaexaoro xanea

Mbi paccao'rpena

paBHHeTcH -m-n, ,ll,80HHOM Iv

T. e.-4-3=-7.

TaRMM .o6pa30MIv'

(T. e.

(P R2), HOT.oPb1M MbI .o603HaIJIiM CJIeJtYIOIi1,eM cxexe:

LITO

r-ro nepsoaasaasaoro }I{e I<aCaeTCH Iv a-ro

COe,ll,HHeHrIH) 6Y,ll,eT: Iv'=0,-7.

nepaoaananeaoro C.oe,ll,MHeHHH HaH Iv", TO, cornacao HIiiKe-

,---!rr"---,
~R;------'~: t...---!t~·I-~R

,-.-t! ::::3=
_-l-

~.-~~~
-'----

oa

6y.neT paBHHTbcH BeJIIilJMHe Iv'2.

-'-

I=

-1,

T.

e.

6Y.IJ.eT paBeH

no

113 aroro
il{e erynesea.

Mbl M.o}ReM YCM.oTpeTb,

tITO IVl]

acerna

TOT iKe

HOHa:

c rex [Ilpaaeneu reneps uemm.oM cxexy BCTYOJIeltMH 4-x-rOJI.oCH.or.o xoaexaoro RaHOHa, no CHX n.oP npaaonaayro HaM" T.oJIbl(.o no ~laCTfiM (orneasao lI.JIH }(aiK.!I..or.o npoaanonaoro cocaMblM, 'ITO M .QJI5I -x-r.oJI.oCfWf.o 3
P

1<aHOHa, uasaaaromerocs

'-..!LJ~~

Rl

R2

R3

e.QlIHtHIM5I):

(P

+ Ri)

B sroa cxexe MbI BU,ll,UM r-e nepaoaasaasnoe

C ero JIByMH np.oH3B.oJIHbIMM.

Iv'

nepB.orO

coennaeaae rrponaaonaoro:
L

)'----l

TaHiKe

,ll,a,ll,MM CB.o,ll,RY scex

noxasarenetr,

xoropue

aTMMM

BCTynJIeHMHMM Tpe6YIOTcH:
I,

!,

Iv'i erne
snect, RaR

=-4+4=0, • -7,
I

l\OTOPbIH B aTOM CJIYlJae MOiKeT 6bITb B OTJlHtJHe OT . ~m+n, Iv' 'leH

0603HaIJeH

Iv

BToporo

npOM3BO.!l.H.orOj paaasercs

Iv', (§ 36)-

Iv'2=-4.-3= J,

HJIM

Iv' =.0, -7.

Iv"=-7·

Iv =-8+

=--7,

T. e.-4+4=o. aroporo npoaaaonaoro,

§ 108.

I1pMBe.n.eM erne nse

n.o.Qo6HbJX cxexu:

ROT.oPbIM MO)KeT 6bJTb ooosaaB 01'JIMQHe or

TaR iKe erne M I{al{ Iv'2,

Iv'r,

xax

sro

BH,ll,HO

H3 CJIe,ll,YIOru.eH cxexu:
-8 '

~
, IL.:-':';O(:_'''_...J..J

Iv' =.0, -9. Iv" =-9.

II6
,Ilor<a3aTeJIH me cxexsr

117

b>-r- caenyicmae: , Iv'2=1-3'+I=-2). ,

J

Iv' =~10,·-2. IV'1~-3"":"7'·'~10. Iv" ~ 2. (Iv" { _:_4 +'6' 2)1'

"+

Iv'

= -lI,

[r-e nepnonasam.noe.s'roro
0, HaR ~TO BlinfioH3 060HMH C ero

HaHOHa

aanacaaonpa

nsollHoM

cpaSHeHH5ISTOrO

nepBOHa'laJIh':1

noro.

npoH3BonHhIMH:]!

I{aK

BHnHO

H3

paccuorpeanux

cxex

BeTyn.J!:eHl1ll,jvL~~Hny

Iv'2 (Ri

+Rs)
,
lv

(OTHOCHmHMCH KO BTOPOMY np0113BOnHoMY: cYIllecTByeT 06a 3TH 'ITO nOKa3aTeJIH

R2

+. Rs)

Iv"

nOCT05lHHOe COOTHOllleHl1e, Bhlpa)l{aIOIlleeCSI

B TOM 'lllHhI.

scerna

onHOll

H TOll e" o6a

me

BeJlI1-

Hpa

3TOM, HX 3HaKH HJlH Onl1HaKOBhI (T. HJIH OTpHuaTeJIhHhIE'), B TO: BpeMH

noxasaorpana-

TeJlH nOJIOmllTeJlhHble (onllH

HJIll me pa3JIH'lHhIe
W:).I(

nOJIO)l{llTeJlhHblll, )"1"0K a 3 a re

npyroll

TeJIhHhIU). 06 a 3 T H (H no H3

.Q..H {B n-o JI He

. T,O /lUJ;e C T IH~{H H hI CJI Y 'I a

Be
ps

JI H 'l H

e.,

H n p,

Haa

Y)

TOM

e,

~O l' .D.

ne

Tpex

rOJIOCOB

RaHOHa 51.

P ecr

s l{pai1HHll

r 0 JI OC_

06

a 3_TH no
H hI

x.a ,3 ar e n
0 3H

on HH a K0
e.
0

B hI nOB
H HX

e JIll

p a 3 JI H 'l

(T.

nHH

H3

no

'l H H

JI o

*'

li,-

TeJIhHbIH, nepBblX

a Tpex

npyroH rOJIOCOB

OTpHuaTeJIhHbIll), l{aHOHa 6bIJIO erne

xor
eCTh

n a H3 cpenHHH npasenea xaxax I(aK

r0

JI 0 C.

[a-e

nepBOHaqaJIbHOe

aroro

HaHOHa H'aIlHcaHO OpH npHMepa,

Iv" ,,' --

0,

§ 109. [4T06bI

CI{a3aHHoe npaxep no

aarnnnnee,

aTO BHnHO H3 cnenyiouiero nepsoaa-ram.aoe, TaK

aaronovaiomero COeJlHHeHHH:]

B eerie

HHmeCJIenYlOmHH: HOHa, HanHcaHHoro

aasana cxexe.]

4-x-rOJIOCHOrO

l{OHeqHOrO

H nponaaonaoe

Nd29.

'So 127

aaa ,P_.-

'~. f-J~

'#'>.

~ t{r-

~ ~
!-J~

I==t:-',
P.

.
etc.
-{r

etc,

xx. itO, IKf

f-o,.r--

~ tL

_-= 1--,

R3_

~.
~
t

etc

KnaccM4IHKaL\HA

4-x-ronOCHbIX

KOH8'1HbIX

KaHOHOB

t-ro

paspaaa.
HalJaJlOM BnOJIHe

~_~'-{RI;

.~

~~

.ile,
.,

§ IIO.

KamnbIll

3-x-rOJIOCHbIH

HaHOH MomeT cJlymHTh

J{JIHMHorHX 4-x-rOJlOCHhIX oUpeneJIHeTCH nepBhIM

HaHOHOB. llHTepBaJIOM

Kanoa

3-x-rOJIOCHhIll

BCTynJIeHH5I 3TllMH

(CYHa3aHHeM naHHbIMH onpe-

:;:'::'1---

~,~~et'"

pro aaupaaaeuas)

II OOKa3aTeJIeM

(§ 76).

,~l('.JJHeTC5I BTOPOll

narepsan

BCTynJIeHHH. nJl51 naaoaaa-x-roxoc-

II~
aoro EO K 2-MY 'rrI1~

II9
.IJ,fmHM~
flYiliHQ [t-ro npPl6allHTbelll.e nepeoaasansnoro [onpeneneane coenaaeaaa] .uOJImeH
8

{I)

HaHOH

BepXHlOlO TepIJ.HIO

(I v' 1

= 2):

rpe'rsero

flHTepsqJIa .upyrMMIi

,j3CTYIlJ!eHJ15!1 e.'JiaHTIi} '1',

Iv'~, QTHOCHlll.I1HCSI

(R2

+ R3),

np0I13Bo.uHOMY

CJIOBaMH, .uJI5I KaHOHa 4-x-rOJIQCHOrO

~_h
4

_ ~-1V'::2,1.

ffig-&?llt\t~_l%g
!v'=2,2.
40'

_4.(a

"~

4(f
4

_:=i

UK,

6bITb

YKa3aH

.uBOHHOH nOKa3aTeJIb H aanpannenae

(Iv'). 9um

onpenenaerca-

h'=2,O.

1"':2)8.
-, 4. 1-

1,,':2,4. eH T•••

HaK Beml'lHHa

TpeTbero

HHTepBaJIa BCTynJIeHM5J,

TaR M nOKa3aTeJIb HHM C

Iv",

naxo.!l.51III;HHC5lB nOCT05lHHOM COOTHOIlle-

Iv'2,

KaR 31'0 YKa3aHO asnne

(§

108).

Teoperasecxa

ro-

te:g-=r f#gUJ-E;,rlffitl~'15B
Iv'~2,o. • I,,'=2,-t. rV'=2,-2. Iv'!:2,-8.
2) RaHOH B BepXHIOIO RBHHTy

'*

_.!..::,

Iv'=2,-4. II):

BOPH, BCTYI1JIeHI151aaoioro x Ha'laJIOM

3-x-rOJIOCHOrO RaHOHa MoryT

CJIymHTb

CTOJIbRMX 4-x-rOJIOCHbIX

RaHOHOB, CIWJIbRO cymecrayer BCTYI1JIeHl1e xaxoro6paTb O.!l.HH

IIv,

OCTaBJI515I

6e3

(Iv'i

113MeHeHI151 nanansnoe

=-

JII160 3-x-rOJIOCHOrO

HaHOHa, MbI MO)I{eM I100'lepe.uHo

nOHa3aTeJIb aa .upyrl1M B xanecrae

Iv' 2.C

H3MeHeHHeM Be.lIH'lI1HbI

Iv' 2

6y.ueT H3MeHHTbCH II TpeTHH I1HTepBaJI BCTynJIeHI151, 11TaKI1M oripa30M Mb! nOJlYQHM I1epe'leHb lll.HXCH C rex 0603Ha'lHTb scex 4-x-rOJIOCHbIX KaHOHOB, Ha'lI1HaIO-

me

causrx

BCTynJIeHHH rpex

nepBbIX rOJIOCOB. ECJIH B 2-X-rOJIOCHOM KaHO-

6YRBOH r'lHCJIO scex B03MomHbIx

HeItcTYI1JIeHHH, )I{eHHe rsoyner HOB, a rs2 yxaacer TeJIbHO r

a 6YHBOH S 'lI1CJIOynoTpe6HTeJIbHbIX 0603HaQaTh

Ilv,

TO BbIpa06e 3TH Ta6JIHL\bI BCTynJIeHHH He3aHOHlleHbI, 3aHOHlJeHhI caMMM Y'lalll.HMC5J. OHH no TaH xax

•
nerxo

'lHCJIO B03MO)I{HbIX 3-x-rOJIOCHbIX HaHO-

= 14, S = 20,

'lHCJIO 4-x-rOJIOCHhIX l{aHOHOB. C'lHTaH npU6JIU3Hnoaysaa, 'lTO 'lHCJIO 3-x-rOJIOCHbIX paSHa r. S

HOHOB C pa3.lIH'lHbIMI1 HOB 4-x-rOJIOCHbIX 6bITh KaI{ cneneao 60JIbllIOe

BCTynJIeHHHMn

= 280, .a

xa-

xoryr

6bITh

COCTaBJIeHbI no

HaHO-

TOMy iHe npaauany, JIOCHbIX RaHOHOB"

ROTOPOM YCOCTaB.lleHa "Ta6JIHIJ.a 3-x-ro83), H60 IIX

paBHO r. S2 = 5600. 60Jlee

KOJIH'IeCTBO

3TO .uOJl)J{HO TaI(

(§

IIv'2

H.n:YT xax

B npHMOM

K 3Ha'lI1TeJIbHO

CHPOMHblM pa3MepaM, Tpe6YlOuLHX

(nepsaa
npaxepa). HOHOB"

CTpOQHa), TaH H B B03BpaTHOM nopsnxe

(BTOpa5I crponxa 3-x-rOJIOCHhlX xa-

HO.'1H'leCTBO l{aHOHOB, MO)I(HO npn'lHCJIHTb K

npi1MeHeHH5I

Kaxmoe
MomeT

H3 BCTynJIeHHH "Ta6JIHIJ.hI

TPY.!l.HhIX

IIv

nepaapeurauua.
HaHOHax 3aCTaSJI51JIO

6hITb

nOJIOmeHO B OCHOBY pana

4-x-rOJIOCHbIX

0611JIUeB03MoiHHhIX TeOpeTI1HQB nenenaue nyaars, 'ITO

BCTYI1JIeHl1H B

RaHOHOB (npsaoro qTO l{BapTbI RaCaeTC5I

H B03BpaTHoro).] .uonOJIHHTeJIbHbIX npaBHJI [ynoTpe6JIeHHH RaHOHe,] TO OHH re

HeT B03MomHOCTH YCTaHOBHTb onpe-

npaBHJIa

.!l.JIH nHcaHHSI HaHOHOB, HO 113 conepxraans HCHO, 'lTO 31'0 HOJIH'leCTBO KOM611HaUHH nonseneaaa acex HX non ronaue,

H HOHhI B 4-x-rOJIOCHOM HaHOHa

me,

lJTO H

HaCTOHlll.eI;'O coxaueaaa He CJIymHT npensrrcraaeu

11:.1151 3-x-rOJIOCHOrO

(§§

89 - 91),

onpeneneaaae npasana. B KalJeCTBe 06pa3'lHHa

HOHa npnsenea naa npaaepa:

YnpaH<HeHMR HJIaCCI1q)I1R~U[1H 4·x-rOJIOCHOrO xa-

4-x-ronOCHbIX

KOHe'lHbIX

KaHOHax

I-ro

paspaaa.

§ III.
BOHax

HalJHHaTb

yrtpaxmeaaa

IB 4-x-rOJIOCHhIX ROHeQHbIX xaKaHOHax,] cnenyer

I) RaHOH B BepXHIOIO TepIJ.HIO npl1

2) RaHOH B BepXH!OIO RBHHTy npn

Iv'. 2 Iv'1;:_=: -

1-1'0 pa3p51.u.a, HaK H B 3-x-rOJIOCHhIX see =0,

II II.

C RaHOHOB, rne HOHaM, rne

IIv=o.

3aTeM

[HYJI(HO] nepetrra

R TeM xa-

Iv'2

a, CJIe.u.oBaTeJIbHO, Ii

Iv"

=0.

113 3THX RaHOTOPhlX 9, ~

COXpaH5U1 nsa nepBbIX aarepsana MbI 6epeM qero B RalJeCTBe

BCTYfLTIeHH51 Hen3MeHHbIMH,

HOHOB cneztyer

oraaaart,

npenrtoqreane
MomHO nepeara

TeM, y

Iv'.
II.

Iv' 2

O.!l.I1Hsa .n:PYfl1M see Ra)I{.ubIH pa3

IIv,

BCJIe.uCTBI1e

OTHOCHTC5IR pa3pH.uy HaH60Jlee ITocJIe 3THX

JIerHHX, J<aH TO:

-7. -

Tpe.THl1 nHTepBaJI

BCTyn.lIeHHH

MeH5leTC5I.

ynpasraeaan

K TeM RaHOHaM, rne

120

12I

IV'!

He paBHHeTCH

fiYJ1lo,' Bb16Hpa:5I-JI.JI5ISTOrO'nOK{\3aTeJI51
,Upyrl1x KpOMe KaHOHOB B npl1My npH npH

HaH-

fIO,l(Ba

rro,Upa3,UeJIeHI151: ab a

naab,
'-"

no roa'

'abb
'-"

11 abb.
<:»

<popMe

60JIee JIerKHe CJIY'laH. KaHOHbI, 'lame B MY3bmaJlbHOM JIHTepaType, Hepe)I.KO I1JII1 OKTaBY, B 60JIbIIIHHCTBe CJIY'laeB BCTpeqaIOTC5I TaK}I(e

BCTpeqalOmHeC51

aanncaasr

RaHoHbI

Iv'

Iv' = = - II,

HJIH B
I t, O.

abc B03MomHbl

Tpl1 no,Upa3,UeJJeHH5I:abc, abc H abc. b) abb.

'-"

Be,UeHHbIH npHMep c)-ecTb npl1Mep

aab

ecrt,

B cyuraocrn abc ecrt,

-7,

Ilpaaep

npHMep,

'-"

Bsnuenpna qpHMep B KOTOPOM

aab,

me Iv' = -

(Iv = -7,
ORTaBY·

Iv = 7) auaunaercn

II,

7.

fIpl1CYTcTBl1e

nOCJIe,UHHX nORa3aTeJIeM R3-t'bI

nepeHeceHHeM

B 'upyryIO

ace paCCT05lHH5I BCTynJIeHHM pa3JII1'lHbI, npHMepbl Mbl JI.(leM HI1jJ(.e:

me

abc H abc
'-'

rJIABA
4-x-ronOCHbIH paccToHHHH nO,llBIUKHOro HOHe'lHbIH BCTynneHHH KOHTpanYHKTa HaHOH 2-ro paanH'IHM.

X.
paapaaa.
Mml B Bce Mm'l HeHoTopbl8 ropK30HTanbHoc npMMeHeHKe

O,D,HOr~,

coeAMHeHHH

aepra-

HanbHO-nO,D,BHIHHbIM.

II2. ECJIH B 4-x-rOJIOCHOM RaHOHe XOTH OJl.HO H3 paCCTOH-

Itl1H Me}l(Jl.Y BCTynJIeHBHMII RaHOH oYJl.eM nplI'lHCJI5ITb BaMII, a HeCXO,!l.HbIe -

OTJIlIqHO OT npOqHX, R KaHOHaM z-ro

TO nO,UOOHblH 0603Ha4aH SHJl.hl

paapsna.

B cnysae paBeHCTBa [,UByX COCeJI.HHXpa'CCTOHHI1H 'rpe'rt.euy.] MeCTO MHHMoro coe,UHHeHI1H sacrynaer Iv. [Tlpoaepna aro aa nsnnenpnaeztemnrx npuaepax. HaM 113BeCTHO (§ 73), "ITO 'lHCJJO npOH3BO,UHblX COeJumeHHH RamJI.OrO RO,He'lHoto KaHOHa paBHH.,eTC5IKOJIl1'leCTBY napnux coe,UI1HeHI1M ncex RRt RaHOI;Ia.] B 4~X-rOJIOCHOM KaHOHe TaKI1X coenaaeaan TpH: Ri R2, R2 R3 H Ri R3. Kaaoioe npOfi3BO)I.HOe ,UOJI)l{HO §
113.

BCTynJIeHHH

_.

,;:

."

U'

CXOJl.Hble paCCTOH.HH51 Mejf(Jl.Y BCTynJleHH5IMH O,UI1HaKOBblMlf 6YKpa3JIlI'lHbIMH, paapsna: n.OJIY'lHM cnenyromae aba, aab,abb, abc: 4-x-rOJIOCHbIX RaHOHOS z-ro

I1MeTb cnoe B TO, TaK BXOJI.HTb P. snpaao

nepaoaaaansnoe,

HblM COeJI.I1HeHl1eM(P

xoropoe

MO))'(eT obiTb

R),

MJII1 me MHHMblM

(P

+ R...),

HJII1 peaJIbM KaI{

M B 'upyroe.

nepBOHaqaJlbHOe

COeJI.I1HeHHe ,UOJI}lwa coenane-

lLJI5!

roro,

'lTOObl HaHTH nepBOHa'laJIbHOe

HHe ,UJI5I Kam,Uoro M3BOJI.HOrO, II

d) abc,

113 np0I13BOJI.HbIX, HYJI(HO OTJIOml1Tb OT MbIHaH,UeM MOMeHT acyrnreaas

paCCTOH.HUe paBHoe paccrosaaro TaKI1M oripaaox C P-t'OIO BCTynJIeHl1eM

Mem,Uy rOJlOCaMU nponepsorrasam.aoe O,UHOH 113 RR-t, pea JI b Hoe coennSTOT TO

BE

__L

--=0==:='----===--. . -,-__ ~
cJIY'Ia51 aba, so scex

........L..__

() ]
cJIyqa5lx paBHa JlB MJlII He paBHa.

,UJIH rOJIOCa oripasyromero aenae 'MOMeHT II COBna,UaeT co HymHo

no OTHOIlleHI1IO K ,UaHHOMY npOll3BO,UHOMY. ECJIll nepuonasansnoe HaHTII

3a

HCR,lIIO'leHHeM nepBoro ,!I.syx coce,UHIIX Toro,

npO'lHX

BCTpe'laIOTC5I nOJl.pa3JIeJIeHIIH S aaBIICHMOCTII OT 'roro, cyMMa paCCT05lHHH 'rperr.euy, ,UJI5i 0003Ha'leHHH

BMeCTe C STOH R ecrs ,UJI5I Hero npH.ueTC5I B TaKOM RR-t, COe.lUl,HeHH~C cnezioaarem.ao, [OopaTHMC5I nue. 3TH

coenanenae

Iv.

ECJIH }Ice HaH,UeHHbIM MOMeHT

'ITO ,UBa paCCTOHHHH paBMbI TpeTbeMY, CKOOliOIO BHI13Y. pacH rpe'n.e nep'ITO B)I.aHHOM KaHOHe ,UBa nepaue oaaaxaer, BTO 'lTO nropoe

MeCTe, rne

HeT BCTynJIeHH5I Hlf

onnofi

1I3

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TO B 9TOM MeCTe 1l0JImeH BCTynl1Tb

MHHMblit rOJIOc. Ero xoropoe, aba I1MeeT II

Hanp.,

aab

oaaasaer,

oripasyer renept,

HCKOMoe nepBOHa'laJIbHOe, R npaaepax. CYTb:

oy,UeT MHHMblM.

CT05lHlI5I aBH~ p BOMY. fIPII HeT )I.ByX

TpeTbeMY; abb CKo6RlI

Ilpauep
R2

a)

paCCTOH.HI151 Me}~Jl.y C'OOOHp~HbIe OTcy,CTBlfIi

me

BpeM5I paBHbI

TpM npoM3Bo,UHbIX, K }(oTOPbIM HeOOxOJI.HMO HanTll nepROHa'laJlbnpoaasonnue

npennonaraercs,

'lTO B KaHOHe

R,
Ri

+ R2,

paccrosaaa,

cyMMa ROTOPbIX OblJIa 6bl paBHa TpeTbeMY RaHOHbI aab Ii abb IIMeIOT Ka}liJl.blH

Tlepsoaanam.aoe

npoH3Bo,UHoro

+ R3
P

R2 oy,UeT rne OT

+ R...,

Ri +

R3. xax

paCCTOH.HIIIO. TaRII"\roopa30M

STO BII,UHO 113 HlImeCJIe.1YIOmen cxemr,

BnpaBO OTJIO-

~22 )l{eH uoro IJHTepB;iJ,JI, paSHbIH H na TOM me HRTepaaJIY MemJlY rOJIOCal\1H npOH3BO;lI;-,

123

I)

P+Rl,

[V=II:

paCCT05lHHH:

R MHHMaH H ee COeJlHHeHHe C P naer MHHMoe coenaP ROo"Iv xoroporo 6YJleT o. Ilepexons R npOH3s0JlHOMY R2 R3, MbI HaXOJlHM, 'lTO ero nepaoaasam.aoe 6YJleT P Ri, a Iv = 0, xax 3TO SHJlHO H3 CJIeJlYIOllI:eii cxexu:
:::ha HeHHe

+ +

3) P +R. .., Iv=o:

p

~1

E~~c==L:
rne no OTJIOmeHHbIH anpaso

F:I·~k=n--.

$~==1- gj ::e=:--.~=R2 1'<3

rL

Ra

OT

HHTepBaJI C

connanaer

He TOJIbI(O

paCCTOHHHIO, HO H no

BeJIH'l;I'IHe

Ri.

TIPOH3BOJlHOe

'HMeeT

CBOHM nepBORaQa,J1bHblM

COeJlHHeHI1e

Iv

= 0, xax

STO BH,UHO 113 CJIe.n.YIOill,eH

cxeau:

+ R2

Ri

+ Ra
',npI1

B
asre

nepsoa OT

BTOPOH

113

auurenpaaenemnax
COBnaJla51 co pea.1JhHblMH TpeTb51

cxea

OTJIOmeH-

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HHTepBaJIbI,

BCTynJIeHH$lMH

Rr

raroue

R2,

HBJIHIOTCH nepBOHaqaJIbHbIMH

COeJlI1HeHH5IMH npa naer MHHMoe npH-

asnueyxaaanasix
COe]lI1HeHl1e. Mepa pblMH R ToM: rpynne paBHhl

IIv,

TOJIbI{O

cxexa

OTMeTI1M

npHHaJlJIemHOCTh nsa

BCTynJIeHI1H paCCT05lHH5I

aroro

BCTynJIeHrIH,

MeJHJlY ROTO-

rperseay c) abb
'-"

(§ II2).
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I1pHMep OTJIOmeHHblH HaH cxeua snpaao OT

I1RTepBaJI

cosnanaer TeM cxexaa,

R2.

BYHBeHMbI paar-ro

CBOHX

IIP0I13BOJl:HbIX,

aroro

xaaoaa,

nOJl:06HaH

l{OTOPhIMH

1) P+R.

.., Iv=o:
p

nOJIb30BaJIHCh p5lJl:a 6hIJIa (R1) 6bI

Jl:.fI5I4-x.rOJIOCHblX CJIeJlYIOill,aH: A1 B1 ~1 ABC 0

I{OHe'lHhIX

I{aHOHOB

01 E1 F1

(Ra)

(p)

As 63 Ca 03
E F C2 0!E2
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(R2)
( R ... )

A2 82

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..., Iv=o: ~.,

A ... B ... C ... ,0 ... E ...

113 I{OTOPOH HMeeT ObITb HeHH5I csoero

BHJl:HO, 'lTO peansaoro

npOH3BO.lI.BOe

COeJl:I1HeHHe A2 ROTopoe MHI1MorO

+ Ci

~'7)
He

R ...

nepaoaaaam.aoro,

Jl:OJImHO coenn-

6JIaroJlap51

A. ..

+ c.
b)

STOMY BOCCTaHOBJIeHO nyrex

I1pI1Mep

aab
'-"

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CJIeJl:YIOIll,I1e nepaoaavam.mae

JlJI5I • """$( -8 )

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12

rperi.ea

M3 asnnenpaseneaatax

cxex

flHTepBaJi,.

OTJIOmeH· RR·t'bI me np"

3) P +R..~.; Iv-o:
R

HbIH BnpaBo OT nepBbIX

P,

COBna.!J.aeT no

paccronnmo

c Ri,

nsyx cxex
II.

COBnaJlaIOT JlPyr

C JlpyroM, oJIaroJlap51 tJeMY

Iv = JlPyroe

OHfI .!J.OJliHHblObITb 3aMeHeHbI O.!J.HOH R-t'OH,

nanacanrroa
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;I
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oripaaox

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nepBOHa'laJlbHblX

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peaJIbHOe npM

Ilpaxep
qaJlbHbIe

d)

Iv = -7.

Iv= -

nsa
II M

Iv

sroporo

'fepsaJI1 Bnpaso,

nepnonaxansrroro = ~ 7 OTJIOmeHHbIH B cxexe sroro

abc TaKme
'-'

roro,

'lTO, MH· OTP BCTy~

..

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COJlep}!(I1T B ce6e

nee

MHMMbJenepsonanepBOHa-

COeJlI1HeHfl51.ECJIM paCCMaTpI1BaTb xanutoe

Ilpaxep f)
l1JIeHM51:

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nepBOHaqa~bHOro

nepaonavansnux

qaJIbHOe OTJleJlbHO, TO I1X 6yneT TpM:

r)

P+R ..., Iv=o:

r)

P+

R..., Iv=

0:

R ...

2) P+R. .., Iv=o:

2)

P+R ...,·Iv ==0:

~) P+ R ... Iv=o: , 'p ." R
.,'

j'

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t:=

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J,V=-T

Di:-~,)_ill
B
rpert.ea snpaeo MHTepBaJlOB COBnaBCTynJIeHI151:

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3) P+ Rt,

hI§,
.

-8

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f)

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BCTynJIeHflfIlwTOPblX rOJ'IOCOM.

M3 TOJlbHO 'lTO

npnaeaeaaax

cxex

IJOCJIeJlHerO coena-

B nax OJlI1H M3 OTJIOmeHHblX OT C peansnsra I1pMMep e) ~c MMeeT TpH

RaHOHa MbI On51Tb HaXO,UI1M peansaoe

nepaoaanansnoe

nepBOHa'laJIbHbIX

HeHI1e BBn,Uy 'roro, 'lTO MHTepBaJI, OTJIO}!(eHHbIHOT P BIIpaBO, connanaer no BpeMeIII1 c Rr.

r)

P+R

...,

Iv=o:

14.

P51,U asnuenpaneneaaax

npaaepos

(c pa3JII1'lHbIMI1 ysameBCTynJIeHMH HO MbI Bn,UI1M, 'ITO]

paCCT05IHl1flMM MemJlY BCTYIIJleHl151MM),UOJl)l(eHnoxovs MyCfl B OTbICHaHI1HHaH caMHX nepaoaanam.aux acex

-i

npOH3BOJlHbIM xaxrnoro paspana, MHI1MOe coenaaenae npenoie

4-x·rOJIOCHOrO IiOHe'lHOrO HaHOHa

2-ro

TaK H ax nOKa3aTeJIeH. 113 scero

nux

xaacnoe

,UOJIiIiHO,no OTHOUleHHIOIi CBoeMY COeJlHHeHI1eMnpH

npOH3BO,UHOMY6bITb CJIyqaH~ xorna

Iv

= 0,

T. e. B TOqHOCTH BocnpOH3BOJlHTb 9TO npOH3BOJlHoe. Ho 6bIBaKlT MHHMoe coenanenae, [KaH 3TO MbI BfJ]leJIH,] HMeeT c O.ll.I1HaIiOBblMI1 HHM c ,UBa npoaasonaux (T. e. naa coenaneaas

127
paCCTOHHHSlMHMem}l.Y BCTYITJIeHHHMHrOJIOCOB). 11 rorna KOHTpanYHKTe Tpe6yeTcH H nO}l.lJ:HHHTbCSlyCJIOBHHM Toro sroporo np0I13BO}l.HOro. KaR MHHMOe

aarnrcaa Ito cxexe:

COe}l.HHeHHe .rr.OJI)I(HO 6hITb HanHCaHO B BepTHI<aJIhHO-nO}l.BHmHOM

Iv,
HaM

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yme

113nepBOHalJ:aJIbHhIX COe}l.HHeHHSl:P KOTOPW{ paBHbI HYJIIO. fIpHMep.N2

BeCTHO, lJ:HCJIOMHHMhIX COe}l.H;HeHHH H C~ JIH

IIv (see

paBHO, OTHOCHT-

Iv

K peanaaoxy,

HJIH K MHHMOMY COe}l.HHeHI1IO)B

o6mdi
M HMeeT TpH

CJIO)l(HOCTHpaBHHeTcH lJ:HCJIYnpOH3BO}l.HhIX, }l.JJH4,x-rOJIOCHOrO RaHOHa, CJIe}l.OBaTeJIbHO,rpea, OTJteJIa [Te,] paBHbI pHaJI B J1erlJ:aHUJHe KaHOHbI nacroamero COe}l.HHeHHe O}l.HO, a ace

+ R2, IIv
-'2131.

+ R... P + R.
131 naer

If

nepsoe

KOTOPbIX MHHMoe

IIv

H3 STMX nepBOHalJ:aJIbHbIX COe}l.HHeHHH C ero

npOH3BO}l.HhIM:

HYJIIO. 8TH

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xare-

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C 3-x·rOJIOCHbIMH KaHOTPY}l.HOCTH CJIe}l.YIO-

HaMH z-ro IUyIO

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cryneas-e-P,
Tome

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B COCTaB2-x·rOJlOCHOrO COe}l.HHeHHH, pe-

HBJIHeTCSlB ansnoro

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COe}l.I1HeHHH. Y BeJlHlJ:eHHe KOJIMlJ:eCTBaMHHMhIX coena-

HeHMH, TaKiKe KaI( H aaaena 6bI M3 lJ:HCJIa HaH60Jlee

IIv,

paBHhIX

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XOTH

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yseJIMlJ:HBaeT

TPY}l.HOCTb miCaHI15I aroro

§ lIS. [Ilpasenea
HelJ:HhIX KaHOHOB z-ro r-nase nanano 0

HeCI(OJIbKO npaaepos paspsna, nasaa,

4-x·rOJIOCHbIX KO' B.

KaK STO Mbl nenana

Ilpnaepsr me M
Iv

132 H 133 }l.aIOT BTopoe KaHOHa C HX

H rperse

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pa3pSl}l.a, JIHlllb

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= 0,

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~cpBOHall,tJH!Roe.

rrepaoaasansaoe.

B npOCTOM KOHTpanYHKTe.

.NH32.
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no

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"~IB"n~~
TIepBOHaqaJIbHble H

+ R2.

coeJJ,HHeHH5I aroro BO scex

KaHOHa:

P+R ..., P+Rl

G.320.
( J08quln).

A1

IIv

_.

nepBOHaqaJlbHbIX

coe.!l.HHeHH5IX paBHM

HyJIIO,

KaR

::lTO BH.!l.HO B rpex

CJIeJJ,YIOlll,I1X H3BJIeqeHI151X M3 sroro c I1X np0I13BOJJ,HbIMH:

J\aHOHa scex

nepBOHaqaJIbHblX

~~~~~~~ fm::::!:

it

L..~

L.-!!j...J

J
UPOllOBOAHOC.

r 1r r i
J4

'I J.

R2

JJJ

J I J J.

t:1

HMeeT

csoert

OCHOBe .u.pyryIO IT

cxeMY

BCTynJIeHHH H HX pac-

CT05lHHtl:

Ipi
YqeJlue
0 RaROH~.

(i)

;?

I3d
Ero

+ Rl

nepaoaa-ram.aue (npa Iv 0) CJIe.uYIOuHre: P H. P + R2, RaR aTO BH.uHOH3 npHMepOB :N2 139, 140

+ R. ..•
It

141

Ero

cxexa:

rne OHH ,UaHbI BMeCTe C HX npoH3Bo,UHhlMH:

P+R ...

N!!139. 1 =0 ...

RepBOH.·

aa

JlLROC.

n
R ... F\+R2

II : 1°
N2140.

Iv-o

RPOHBBop;Hoe.

I J.r I=

r-,»

P+Rl

nCpBOR&-1f&JILHoe.

OH HMeeT TOJIbRO ,UBa nepaoaasansnsrx: P RI ... H P R2... (cpasna § II3, npHMep b). Iloxasarem, nepsoro nepaonasansnoro, HMelOIUero ,UBa npOH3BO,UHhIX, 1.1, noxaaarem, BToporo nepaoaa-ransnoro 0, RaK 3TO BH,UHOH3 npnuepoa N2 143 H 144, H3BJIeqeHHbIX H3 RaHOHa:

p=
Iv:o

I"

"

RpOHaBop;HOC.

lIep.BDR8Qa.IJI,Roe.

In

I,

??l
-

1t5P--~~~~4i R e
1

Iv=o

Rl+R2
RCpBOC

npnna

ao a ac e

----gtff~

ii

FII2~~~~f.-}-~=w=r=!!=l
. '-R3 "",' ,
'-'

R2+ Rd !V=-It BTopnp

npOnsBQAHOe

CJIe,UYIOIUHtl: aHOH aanacan K

N2142.
A

no <popMYJIe abb:

a~

-.,.
,~ Ro ...
~: It

::_

Iv=O

R1+ R3
RpO"."OAHOC

liT
.... e1c.

I~

G.310. (Ileinrlch isaac).

-R,

-~,

..--

~
--

,_
I

+z.;
,

I.,.....
- LD-C-u

=---== I--

I1oCJIe.llHHM H3 npHBo.uHMhIX HalliH RaHOHOB nanacaa <p0pMYJIeabc:

no

9*

132
Nu145.
abc.

133

I
Iv=-l4.
R2+Ra

n.

HpoH3Bo)l'Jlor.

I ..
Nd48. Iv=o.
P+R2•••
nepBOHa"a.IJl>Ho ••

I
-

n'
'-M

l[f~~~g~
R2• ..

Cxexa

aTOrO

}(aHOHa:

npl1Mepe

N2

148

11 B nepnonaaansnoa,

11 B np0113BOJI.HOM n05lBJIeHlHI TeM 06 CT05I-

COeJI.l1HeH115IX MbI

acrpesaea

nOCneJI.OBaTe.TJbHOCTb JI.BYX HBapT:

OJI.HOll YBeJIl1l.jeHHOll arnx HBapT B l.jTO

11 OJI.HOll 1.j11CTOM.B03MomHOCTb COeJI.flHeHl1l1 06YCJIOBJIeHa

MHHMOM ero

TeJIbCTBOM, HbIM .uBa ero aJIbHOe HMeIOT nepBOHa1JaJIbHbIX BCTynJIeHl1f1 no MH11MbIe, 06lUeMY O.!J.HO penpasnny

np0113BOJI.Hoe B TO me

COeJI.11HeHl1e, 6YJI.Yl.j11 peaJIb5!BJI5IeTC5I COeJI.l1HeHl1eM HBapT

COeJI.l1HeHl1eM,

BpeM5I

P + R2. MHl1Mble COeJI.l1HeH115I Iv = 0, 'ITO me HaCaeTC5I peansnoro

paBeH-14. LlaIOT HaM HH)I{eCJIeJI.YlOlU!1e B

cpenanx npl1

rOJlOCOB, LlonYCHaIOlUHX 6aca

cB060.!J.Hoe HBapTbI

ynorperinenae

coe.!J.11HeHl1f1, TO ero TpH npaaepa ace

nonnepacxe

(CM. npaBl1JIO JlJI5I

§ 89).
COeJI.H-

noxasarens 147 11 148)

(N2 146,
rpa ero

113BJIeqeHl1H 113 HaHOHa

11 p

11M e 1.1 a H 11e.

OTbICHaHH5I nepBOHal.jaJIbHbIX HaHOHa MO)l(eT 6bITb cxexe, 142):

HeH11ll 4-x-rOJIOCHOrO

HOHeqHOrO B

npeJI.JIO)I{eH 113

nepaoaaaansmae

COeLll1HeH115I, HaiH.!J.oe C CBOHM npOH3BO.!J.HbIM:

eme BTOPOll § IIS (cxexa

cnoco6.

CJIeJI.YIOlUell HaHOHa

3al1MCTBOBaHHOll

BCTynJIeHHll
-&

N2
n

N!!146.

P+Rl••• Iv e o.

nepB01l..,O.,!.,iO e.

=sIv = o.
RJ+R2

Rl'"

A
II'

_---J J

r I 'e

r· 'r I r r r

1.

i
Ha'IaJIbHbIe CJIe.!J.yIOll~He:~ HHTepBaJIOB

..
7 /'

'i Rl
nepBblx OTMepl1M

R2
BCTynJIeHl1ll caanana OT

'"
11 Mx

J
nanpaaneane 113 aTHX 11 naepx.

Ra

np.RaROA"OC.

HHTepBaJJhl 4.

tE~.

R2

p!!.

R2

nepnujt BJIeBO

B 06paTHOM

HanpaBJIeHHH,

T. e.

Ilonysaesr:

134
B03bMeM

135
npyr-yio
cxeuy H3 'roro

me

naparpadia

(cxexa

BCTynJIeHHM: KaHOHa

N!:! 130):

3aTeM

npH6aBJI5!eM B TOM

I< 3TOMY OTJIOmeHHble OT 06paTHOM nOp5I.UKe:'

Ra

nsa HaqaJIbHhIX

HHTepBaJIa

me

3TOH

cxexe

06a c

OTJIOmeHHble OT peaJIbHhIMH nepBhIM

R2

BJIeBO H BHH3 HHH MHHMO:

TepBaJIhI

COBna)laIOT C03)laeT TaKHM

BCTynJIeHH5!MH HHTepBaJI,

BCTYnJleHHe

JIHUlh 06pa30M

OTJIom.eHHhlH COe)lHHeHHHMH .,', ,

(;)zt---(~~ nOCJIe xero MbI sroro

j
cxexy nepBOHa'JaJIbHbIX

BHH3 OT

R3,

nepBOHaqaJIbHhIMH

3TQM:CXeMhI ~yJ1.y:r; TpR

CJIe)lyIOmaeCOeJlRHeHl1H~'

ncnysaea
1<aHOHa:

nOJIHYIO

BCTynJIeHHH

18-e nepBDun. r-.».

H3 KOTOPhIX nepaoe=-naanoe.]
I

12-" Repa,l

Iv:O.

:....J..

I 2-e
3-c

Rt
nep.BORa'lB DepBOHa .. hHC)8 1 .. aJl1~IIOe

Iv =- ttl Iv:o.

Rt

R2

xoropas

MomeT

6bITb

coxpauteaa

CJIe.uYIOW:I1M06pa30M:

H B KOTOPOH I-e JI5!Tb C060IO BOHaqaJIbHOe OTMepeHHbIH Hoe OT

P+

nepBOHaqaJIbHOe

COe)lHHeHHe 6Y)leT

npenCTaBz-e nep-

OTMepeHHbIIT BJIeBO OT 6yneT

R2

HHTepBaJI,

coenaaenae BJIeBO OT

npenCTaBJI5ITb

C060IO

R3

P+

BTOPOM HHTepBaJI H C060IO

COenl:IHeHHe 6Y)leT

npe)lCTaBJI5ITb

Ra

P+

3-e

rrepsoaasansOTMepeHHb1H
! :

BJIeBO nepBbIM

HHTepBaJI.

ITpoH3BonHblMH

)lJIH 3Tl:IX Tpex coe-

nepuoaasam.aux
nHHeHH5I:

Ri

+ R2,

6ynYT

R2

+ R3

nOCJIenOBaTeJIbHO Tpl1 cJIenyIOW:He Ii

RI

+ Rs.

::;

137 iKe cTyneHJIX oeCKOHe'lHbI?'I KaHOH B COOCTBeHHOMcasrcne nOCJIeuYlOllUIe RR-t'bI, cTyneHM H

b) P H see nepecrasxarorca § II9.

Bcero l1I,HH

npM nOBTOpeHI1M CBoeM, B BOCXOUHl1I,eM HJiM HHe-

aa npyrne

XOUHl1I,eM nOpH.ll.l<e-KaHOHH'leCKaH BCHKHH oecl(OHe'lHhIH

ceKBeHUHH. KaHOH nOU'lllHHeTCH

npexme

TeM ycnoBMHM,

KaKHM nOuqHHeH BCTyrmeHI1H

KaHOH KOHe'lHbIH,HMelO·

OT.IlEJI C.

3-x- H 4-x-rOJIOCHbIH BECKOHEQHhIH KAHOH I-ro H 2-ro PA3PHllA.

I.
3-x-rO.HOCBhlH OECKOHe~BhlH RaBOH.

r JIA BA
§ 116. ume
B oecKoHe4HoM B RaHOHe

XI.
(06w.Me nOHRTHR).
a

(Iv nns KaHOHa 1-1'0 pa3pH,Ua, MHHMhIH ro.noc UJIH KaHOHa 2-1'0 paapsna). Ho B oeCKOHe'lHOM KaHOHe K 3THM YCJIOBHHM ,UooaBJIJlIOTC5I oaue, BHOCHMbIe rpyna noro BTOPH'lHblX BCTynneHHH. § 120. Bsnue OblJ10 CKa3aHO (§ 25), 'ITO BCHKoe coennaeaae ronOCOB, H3 KOTOPbIX HM O,UHH He CO'lHHJleTCH, a otia BocnpoH3BOUHT TO, 'ITO paaee Y)l(e OhIJIO CO'lHHeHO, UOJIiKHO paCCMaTpHBaTh, xax coenaaeaae npOH3BOUHoe. Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH B
)I{e

re

aanansnsre

oeCKOHeqHOM HaHOHe 'lHHeHHOe,

K rOJIOCaM, BocnpOH3BO.ll.JlllII1M paHee

CO-

HaHOH MHOrOrOJlOCHblA tiecHOHe'lHbiA

HaHOHe P-t'a, ee,

HY)l{HO npH'ly]CJII1Th H BTOPl1QHO ecrynaromae T. ,U. (KaK 3TO 6blJIO HaMH cne.naao

ronoca:

aa aeio see

,,P,

"Rl

B 2-x-ronOCHOM

yqaCTBYIO-

Rk-t'sr,
"RI,

oeCKOHe'lHOM HaHOHe no OTHOllleHlI1O K C HaQaJIbHbIMH' RR·t'al'lIH, HelIHH cyMMa H TeX YBeJIH'lHBalOT

,'p).

rOJIOca 3TH, HapaBHe

HMHTHpyH

B03Bpal1l,a1OTC5IR Haqany

H 1l0BTOPHIOTCH. 9TH 0003Ha'laTh:

nOBTOpeHH51 r0J10COB 6y,UeM no

I'p,

"R2

M T. ,U. BCTynJleHH51,

npexcaeay npenurecrayronme
Ha'lHHaH C

BXO,U51T COCTaB np0I13BOUHblX B HX KOJIH'leCTBO. OTClOua

coenn-

B03paCTaeT

lIP, I'p,

ycnosaa,

lWTOPhlMI1 OOCTaBJIeHO CO'lHHeHHe oeCROC KaHOHOM lWHe'lHbIM,

oYJleM Ha30BeM

Ha3bIBaTb B TOp

H a 'l a Jl h H bI M H, BCTynneHHH,

M 'I H bI MM.

H a 'l a JI b

HeQHOrO RaHOHa, cpaBHHTeJIbHO HbIM )1.n5I roro

narmcau-

H bl M M MHTepBaJlaMM

BCTynneHH5I R2 H

Ha30BeM

MHTepBaJlbI

MemJl.Y BCTynneHHHMM

P,

)I(e l.IHcna rOJIOCOB.

RI,

lIP. TaKHM 06pa30M, 'lHCnO Ha'laJIbHbIX HHTepBaJlOB oeeaoaesaoro] RaHOHa paBHHeTCH 'lHCJlY ronOCOB: TpH UJlH 3-x-roUJI514-x-rOJIOeHoro.

6eCHOHe'lHbIA 3-x-ronOCHbIA BCTynneHltRMlt HaHOH I-ro aa

HaHOH 1-ro

paspaaa

CO BTOPH'IHbIMM 6eCHOHe'lHbIA

JIOCHOrO RaHOHa, 'leTbIpe

rex

me

cryneuax

(co6CTBeHHO

§ II7·
BceMH [oro

Eecxoaeaaue
MMeeT

npO'lHMH pa3pHua

KaHOHaMH,uenHTCH

xaororonocnue aa

HaHOHbJ, HapaBHe UBa

co

paapaaa).

I1pHMeHeHH6

BepTHHaJlbHO - nOABltmHOrO

paspana.

KaHOH

HOHTpanYHHTa.

paCCT051HI1H BCTynneHMH

O.ll.MHaI{oBbIMM, nOCJIeUHeIO

121. B

3-x-ronOCHOM

oeCROHe'lHOM HaHOHe 1-1'0 pa3p5Iua

C'lMTaH R-t'OlO

B 'lHCJle H

nOCJIeUHHX M no

paCCT05:IHHe Memuy

,,P

naurercs
QHcno

npasaaau

'lfICJIO OT.ll.eJIOBpaBHO TpeM

(§

24).

I10pHuoH,

B HaKOM rrpoHcxo-

BepTI-IKanbHO-nO)1.BH)I{HOpaBHHeTCH 'lMCJlY HJIH

ROHTpanYHKTa.

OTnenOB 3ToroRaHOHa pa3p5I.L1.a MMeeT pa3nM'lHbIMM

rOJIOCOB. KaHOH

z-ro

ace

aexoropue
npaBMJIaM MJIM B coe-

nar cosnaneaae cxexu:

onuoro

OTJleJIa C upyrHM,

B11ueH113cnenytouieii

paCCTOHHMH BCTynJIeHHH

M nHIlIeTC5I no onaoro

(R2)
(Rl) Al
A

A2
91
C

B2

C2 :

ropM30HTaJIhHO - nO.ll.BH)I{HOrO KOHTpanYHKTa, UHHeHMH C BepTHKaJIhHO-nO,UBM)I{HhIM.

C1
/fA

r~:A-;-:: ., ,,
: B .! I.!!. ___ ::

§ lIB.
a)

KaHoH,

KaK r-ro,

TaR H a-ro

paapsna,

MMeeT, nO.L1.00HO nonpasneaeaae: aa 'rex

(p)

..

2-X-rOJIOCHOMY 6eCKOHe'lHOMY KaHOHY cnenyiomee

P,

a aa nero

M see

RR-t'bI

nOBTopHIOTCH 6YKBaJIhHO

J :-11,
OT)l.eJIbI BTOPM'-IHO BCTynalOllI.HX rOJIOCOB OTlWeqeHbI 3Hal\OM",. COe.ll.HHeHHe Al

+ B,

"AI

+ "B,

6YKBaJIhHO

f.IOBTOp5I1OIIIee, coennaeuae qTO B RaHOHHqeCROH

06Be.ll.eHO nyH~TIipOM.

3aMeTHM,

CeRBeHUHH COe.ll.HHeHHe3TO Ha .lI.pyrHe cTyneHH,

RBJI5IeTC5I XOT5I H

CpaBHHTeJIhHO C no BpeMeHH

Al

}dem.ll.Y

coananaiomaan

+ H,

nepecraaneaaua
HOCOOTHoweHIie
nep.OBa'l8J1bHQe

OT.lI.eJlaMH

coxpaasercs
,§
124.

Vi B TOM H B .lI.pyroM

CJIyqae O.ll.HHaKOBhIlI1.

Flepexons
nOJIyqHM

COe.ll.lfHeHH51M'rex

)He rOJIOCOB qep,e3 COe.ll.HHeHH51: 5IBJl5IeTC5I KOTOPOMY

§ 122. Onpenenna ROJmqeCTBO H ,B3aHMHoe OTHoweHHe nepsoaaxam.nux H npOH3BO.ll.HbIX COe.ll.HHeHHH no cnenyrorneit cxeae:

«).lI.HH, MhI

Ri

I,

.coenaaenae
-coenaaeaae

+ "P

R2
P

ratone

naa

npOH3BO)l.HhIX

"RI,

.lI.JI51 KOTOPbIX 06pa30M"

nepaouanam.auu
no no

R2. TaKIfM C

OTHOIlleHHIO R 6eCRO-

-J-IeqHOMY RaHOHY P-t'bI

He)l.eHCTBHTeJIhHO npaBHJIO,

nocxenrrero

B RaHOHe

Rvt'oio

.lI.OJIiHHO 6bITh

};p------------------

~Rl

J-IOHe

nanacaao B npOCTOM IWHTpanYHKTe" coenaueuae 3TO He MO)l(eT 6hITb

upOBaBOAliwe.

TaK RaR B KOHeqHOM B qIfCJIe

xarrepaonanam.asrx.

~------~)~"--------~
~-,R,:..!2:"_ P_--t~3

I1oBTopeHHe CHI

nOCJIeJlHeH B

HaHOHe P-t'~ Toro,

CR2)

HeT Ha.ll.06HO-

cxexy, TaR KaR 5lBJI51eTC51 TOqHbIM noaropeaaex

BKJIlOqaTh B MOMeHT BCTynJIeHIf51 R2 B RaHOHHqeCIWH

B MOMeHT ee BCTynJIeHIf5I RaHOH qTO 6bIJIO yme

~p

,~R:l.l~

paaee

B
2-e RepBoHaqaJl~Hoe.

(c

nepeCTaHOBKOH

aa npyrae

crynean

»
qepe3

ceaaeauna). Haaaex C onpene.nenaa npOH3BO.ll.HbIX COe.ll.IfHeHHH. HaM aasecrao, qTO COe.ll.HHeHHeKam.ll.OHR-t'hI C Kam.ll.OH .lI.pyrolO ecri, coenaaeane npoasaonnoe. Ho S I{aHOHe 6eCROHeqHOM I{ RR-t'aM cnenyer npHqHCJJHTb H STOPHqHO BCTYnaroume' ronoca, TaK RaR OHH, nO.ll.06HO Hat{aJJbHbIM RR-t'aM, cyrs ronoca He COqHHHeMbIe BHOBb, a TOJIbKO HMHTHpYlOume P-t'y. B aumenpaaeneaaoa cxeae H3 t{HCJIa nOBTopeHHbIX 1'0JIOCOB MbI {T. e. "R2), HCKJIIO'lHJIH nOBTopeHHe npOqHe ronoca: RI, R2, nOCJIe.ll.HeH B RaHOHe R-t'hI

.,UaJIbHeHUme

COe.ll.flHeHH5I -

nea
I1TaR,

rOJIOca _. HeB03MO)J{HbI, rOJIOca, a

'rax

KaI{ rrpHWJIOCh 6bI

nOBTOpeHIl51 O.ll.HOrO H

coenaaarr. roro me.

He .lI.SP.pa3JlIllJHbiX Mbl I1MeeM ITO

uaa nepao-

'HaJIbHbiX COe.ll.IfHeHH5I,IlMelO-IIIIlX

xaxuroe

naa

np0I13BO.ll.HblX,

.a

IlMeHfW:

,,P

nepsoaauam.aue:

HX

nponaaonaue:

H "Rl

BOH.lI.y~ B COCTaB

npOH3BO.ll.HbIX COe)lHHeHIfii:.

§
If3

123.

D,JI5I

roro,

qT06bI

nOJIyqHTh

nOJIHbIH

nepenem,

npo-

H3BO.ll.HbIXCOe.ll.HHeHIfH,.lI.OJI)l{HO COe.ll.HHI1Th MeiImy C06010 Kam.ll.bIH 3TIfX TOJIOCOS C Ram.ll.bIM COCe.ll.HHX rOJIOCOB.

npyrna. Hasuea

C COe.ll.HHeHIf51 COe.ll.I1HeHHeM I1CKJIlOqHB

norrapHO

Flepaonaaam.auu

.lI.JI5I3THX npOH3BO.ll.HbIX 5lBHTC5I coenaaenae -COe.ll.HHeHHe"P BOHaqaJIhHOe P HIpOM),

11

+ Ri. -

125.

3aMeTI1M,

qTO aooriuie

KOJIHqeCHIO 1-1'0

rtepnoaaaam.aux
maxi-

+ RI,

"R,

TaK RaR OHO 6YHBaJIbHO nOBTOp51eT nep(COe.il,HHeHHe nsa

liP

+ RI

<COe.ll.HHeHIiM: 6eCKOHeqHOrO I(OJIIlqeCTBY mum <I, ero RR-t.

RaHOHa

pa3p51.ll.a paBH51eTCH

OTMeqeHHOe nynxHMeHHO: RI

Rz

+ lIP.

MbI

nOJlY4HM

npOH3BO.ll.HbIX, a

+ R2

aTO My ROJIH4eCTBY paSH5IeTCH Il

np0l13BO.ll.HbIX

COe.ll.l1HeHI1Hy ero

xaxruoro

nepsoaanansnoro,

CJIe,U,oBaTeJIbHO, maximum

Ilv.

126.

He

HaJlO ynyCI\aTh

H3

BHJlY,

'ITO

see

YCJIOBH5I, nepsona-

H, Jl06aB11B H8TepBaJIhI,

OTJIOmeHHhle OT

uRI,

1{0TOPhIM rrOJl'lHH5IeTC5I I\aHOH,

OTHOC5ITC5I OJIbKO K T

lJaJ.lhHhIM COeJlI1HeHH5IM, T. e. K COeJlI1HeHH5IM,B I\OTOPhIX yqacTByeT

P
127.

11 OJlHa H3 HallaJIbHhIX

RR-t,

a,

CJIeJlOBQTeJIhHO,JleH-

CTBHe 3Tl1X YCJIOBI1H rrpeI\paIUaeTC5I

B MOMeHT BCTynJIeHH5I

lIP.

Iv

JlJI5Ixaxrnoro

npOH3BOJlHOrO COeJlI1HeHH5I hIBOJlHTC51 B I-H crroco6, COCT05IIUHH HaHTH era

OJlHHMaa JlByX H3BeCTHhIX YJRe cnococon. B TOM, qTo6bI rro cxexe, xaxne

6hIJIH BhIIIJe npaaeneau,

Iv,

rrpHJIOJRHB K

rrpOH3BO.!l'HOMY HHTepBaJIY B351ThIH C 06paTHhlM'

BCTynJIeHH5I He

nepsonaaam.auji,

3HaI\OM,

rperiyer

n05ICHeHHH. 2-H crroco6,

COCT051IUHHB OTI\JIa.!lhIBaHHH (sa cxexe CTOPOHY H B 06paTHoM no s

supaaraexoa
cnyxaax 4T06hI

HOTaMl:I) B o6paTHYlO

1) [nOJIb3YSlCb cnocoooa,

KOTOPblHMbI

npHMeHSlJII1 .IJ.JIII oTblcKaHIlSl

Ivv

BhICOTe SarrpaBJIeHH5I' HHTepBaJIOB 5lBJI5IeTC5160JIee 3TI1M cnocorioa npocThIM

BCTyrrJIeHJU1, B II rrpaI\THqHhIM.

HeI\OTOphlX ,UJI5I roro,

§ 133,

Mbl MO}l{eM OTJIO}l{l1Tbanpaso npoaseonaue

pasyiourax

IlCTynlleHl1il, o~COe.IJ.IlHeHI1S1. 3HaSl, 'ITO 3TIlX np0I13BO.IJ.HbIX B 2 -

OT P I1HTepBaJIbl . acex

rrOJIb30BaThC5I, aano KO scea

npH.!lepJRHBaThCH CJIYlla51M 3-x-roceKBeHUHiL

cnenyromax .lOCHOrO

oCHoBaHHH, rrpHMeHHMhlx 6eCI\OHeqHOrO I\aHOHa H

• rDJIOCHOM6ecKoHellHoM KaHOHe sersrpe: Rl MbI noosepenao OTKJIa.IJ.bIBaeM P anpaso OT fllleHI1S1MI1I1X rOJIOCOB11 nonyxaee:

+ R2, R2 + liP, Rl + liP

see narepsaau

11 R2 06pa3yeMble

+ "RI,

BCTy-

!(aHOHllqeCI\HX

Haxansnsre
BCTyrrJIeHHH

HHTepBaJIhI BCTynJIeHH5I oTMepHBalOTcH OT peaJIhHhIX BJIeBO B 06paTHoM no BblCOTe Hanpa13JIeHHll (no OTMepHBllHHe HHTep-

IIOP5IJlI\Y, HaqHHa5I C IIHTepBaJIa rrepsoro). BaJIOB HallHHaeTC5I OT

Re,

OT I\OTOPOH OTI\JIaJlhIBaeTC5IYI\a3aHHhIM HaqaJIhHhIfI BOB HHTepBaJI, OT C 51 0 M K

E21
R2
-&

cnocooox

OJlI1H (nepaufi) OT

liP

OTKJIaJl JI 51

:rbIBaeTCH HX naa,

"R I-TpH.

Ii a H 0 H e.

C Ii 0 JI b 1\ II X 6 hI r 0 JI 0 COB p a s a a n e HHTepBaJIOB

0 H H H 6 hI JI H a n II C a H, Ha'lHHaeTC5I co

0 T M e-

BCTyrrJIeHll51 B C T Y n JI e H II 11

cft5

,J'

R2

II 3 a H a H II H B a eTC 51 H a B HaHOHe

B TOp II II HOM

npenrrocaenaen

R -t'sr.
'ITO naaam.mre l1HTepBaJIhIBcTyrrJIe10. OTMepHM ~(:!:)

§
caavana

128. ITpeJlrrOJIO}I(llM,

HH:51 I1X H ITOJIyqaeM

OT

aanpaaneuae CYTb CJIeJlYIOIlI,He:/l 4 ~ R2 nepsuf 113 9THX HHTepBaJIOB B

"P
a

BJIeBO H BH113.

AnR

Rl +"R1:

-&

[231? .....-E?l
to
a B O.IJ.HOH cxeue, nOJIY'laeM:
-- I,P

"R!

CYMMI1PYSl nOJI)"leHHble peaynsrar 3aTeM rrpH6asJI5IeM 1\ 3TOMY OTJIOmeH8hIe OT

,? nsa
"R a

aasansmax

llHTepSaJIa P

, <g
P
(*)

(:!:) (1:)

,r
I,R,

Fa

R"

T. e 10 }I{e cauoe,

'ITO Mbl IiMeeM B § 128-M·l

142
:Ylble HHTepBaJlhI. Ilo',,3ToHcxeMe OThImeM no.Ka3aTeJIFI., Eepejs Hl'leM RaHOHa, rne

HR

3TOll:

cxeau

see IIv
I-fO

= 0,
aa

ace

rOJIOca

BCTynalGT

'B

npnay

nOTOMY

BCHRHH npyroti Hen Ho

3-x-rOJIOCHhIM 6eCROHeqHbIH RaHOH

pa3pH.ua Tpe6yeT

p e M e H H 0 nayx

nepSOHaqaJIbHblX He MomeT 6bITh-

coenaaeaan.
YMeHbIDeHO, HbIX, H
.,;-

eCJIH qHCJlO nepBOHaqaJIbHblX MomeT

H;aM

Y)Ke', FI38eCTHO; 'ITO, HHTepBaJI' Me)K.uy HOTOIO BCTY",

H

naeuas

Ri

xaxrnoto

"IepHOIO, 'HOTOJO,HaXOJlHIII'eIOCH na '·O.uHOHl

BeptI:IRaJl1HOH

JB1HHHj paBHHeTCH nOHa3aTeJlIO

1.IaJIbHOrO ccena aenaa ;;L8~ 3Tl1X 11 or

lIv __,_,.. OD,I1H paBHbIii.; ,2, .n:pyrott paBHhIH 14.; Ilepautt IIv nOJiO)I(I1'fe.fIbHhlH (TaR Raw nanpaaneane OT P R

+ Ri.

Jl.JI5I

-nepsoaa113 R~

II03TOMY

COeJlHHeHHe.a.TQ.HMe.eT

6bITb coxpameao qHCJIO npOH3BO.unpa nepexozte R npaRTHqeCRHM ynpa)l(HeHHHM, cnenyer 06paTHTh ocotioe BHHMaHHe. MomHO Bbl6paTb TaRHe BCTynJIeHHH, npH ROTOPblX xascnoe nepBOHaqaJIbHO coenaaenae 6y.ueT HMeTb TOJIhRO OllHH Iv H 3TOT Iv Y 060HX nepaoaasansnux coenaaenafi 6y.ueT OUHH H TOT me. Flonorinue CJIyqaH C HaH60JIee JlenmMH H3 IIv H .uOJImHhI 3aTO 3TOT nYHI{T, CJlY)l(HTh rJlaBHbIM MaTepHaJIOM .n:JIHynpailmeHHH.

P
H

K HOTe, \.raxo.uHiu,eHC5I TepUHeM 'iBblIDe

Rl
na

01HlHaIWBo'e);

a B1'OPOti R

Ri

Iv - orpauarensasnt .:_ TaR OT P H HOTe, aaxonamenca

RaR :H(lnpaBJleHl1e 01'

OTP

§ 129. ]lJIH coxpamenaa cnenyer cnenars aexoropsre

npaBJIeHHlO Bhl, 'TIO HHTepBaJIOB

qHCJla H3

npOH3Bo.uHblX

coennaenati
'ITO, RaR

Ilv

paBHbIMH HyJlIO,

H3BeCTHO, HBJlHeTCHpe3YJIhTaTOM CXO.uHhlX no BCTynJIeHHH.

BeJ1HqHHe H H3 TO TPex y060I1X

naH a-

Ri

nse

OKTaShl H3

HHme-Memuy

cxeusr P
MemJlY R

+ R2-BTopoe
(npHHHB H R2 'ITO H

C060IO

npOTl1BOnOJlOmHhl. 3aTeM

6epe~

area

E C Jl H

q a Jl h H bI X 11H T e p B a JI 0 B B C T Y n JI e H ,H 51 BeJl11qfiHe
If

n B a o n H H a R 0O.uHH

CY)I()leHHH

BO

nepsoaaaam.aoe, H nYTeM 'rex me pacBHHMaHHe sanpaanenae 11HTepBaJIOB

na

n p as n e a'a ro, oYier H 'H

rr e p
if{

Me)I(.uy

11 Ram)lOH 113 .lJ.ByX qepHhlX HMeeT

J:IOT"

eo n a s a n sa ux

COeJI:HHeHHH'

I'v. :3 TOT Iv
Ha
i

'0 T pH

u: a
r0

r e JI b

II hl

P a: B H H eTC

11 TOT
51 B eyMHO-

HaXO.lJ.HIllHXCHaa O.lJ.HOll BepTHKaJIbHOH JlHHHH C R2) BbIB ony ,

H

IV=-2

IV=-I6.

P + R2 raxxre

npaxcnax
a HMeHHO:

JIlrqHHe'cxo.uHoro
if{

C )lpyrHM'H'HH'I'ep:B;aJlaMH
q 11 C JI 0 JI 0 COB R a H 0 H a.

nsa

II v,

e H H0 r 0

03HaqHB

3TOT

MHTepBaJI 6yI\B01O p
(~)

m,

Mbl nOJIy'-lHM .uJIH 3·x-tOJlOCHOrO

RaHOHa:

E
3TOT aero, naxansnoe cK06RaMH,

=w
R2

"

Iv=
TaI(HM

-3.m.

06pa30M, I, TO

cnocori
H

sexoropux

OTHOllleHHHX aa

npaxrnanee

nepnepBO-

ecna m=
m
J"

IV=-3 Iv 9

HeYl106Horo

TeM, 'ITO cxexa, nponssomroe

ROTOPOM xaxutoe

xaxmoe

coe.o.HHeHH5I OTMeqaIOTC~

ee

z , " Iv=-6
" =(JlB0I1HOH ROBTpanyHRT

HBJIHeTCH CJII1IDROMacneutpeanoro. 6ec-

= 3,

3a.o.aqa, C ROTOPOH MbI BCTpeqaeMC5I [B 3-x·rOJIOCHhlX

neuaxu)

I\OHeqHhlX HaHOHax,J .Qpe3Bhl'-lailHO TpYJlHaH [11130BCHROMcnynae rpynaee TOM, C ROTOPOH Mhl BCTpeqaJJHCh B 4-x'rOJIOCHhlX RaHOHax r-ro pa3pHlla. H6o) Mhl ROB

"

m=4, m=s. 6,

" Iv=" Iv

12

ne-mux

nc'ryrraeu
-

snecs

" IV=-IS

06JIacTJ.>3-x-rOJlOCHOrO BepTI1RaJIbHO-nO.D.BHmHOroROHTpanyHRTa, BCJIe.llCTBHe Tpe60BaHH5I, sepraxansnononanxmoe npe.u'5IBJIeHHOrO P-t'e 06pa30BaTh RR - t,

"

m=

=-

18 (.o.BorrHoMROHTpanynxr nyoneunau)
nyHRT ORTaBbJ).

COe)lI1HeHHe C Rail{Jloil

H3 JlByx

Ilpa

= 7,

" Iv = - 2I(.!J.BOHHOllROHTpa-

TOM Tpe60BaHHe

3TO HBJl5IeTCff HeH36emHblM.

3a HCRJlIOqe:-

145 §
P

130. I1pI1Be.ueM

npl1Mepbl

nonoriaux

BCTynJIeHHH:

cxoncrae :HI-I5l,

BeJtHlfHHhI m.

H'HarrpaBJIeHHB OTHOCHTeJll;HO

rpex

HHTepBaJlO-B 'sc'ryrrneoeCJ(OHetJHoro oripaO.uI1H '1TOf,'l( paspana Me)l(.uy a 2

m:i.lv:-8.

Iv = ~ 4

2-X-rOJIOCHOro

I r;r~!5- :ta.52l.;(.···
a)

Rl

R~

lIP

"R1
II

KaHOHa HaM yxce H3 aanam.asrx

I13BeCTHO, 'ITO eno rIv HHTepBaJlOB R-t'olO)

=-

in .. TaKl1M'

30M, eCJII1 s nonoriaoa HalfaJIbHbIM

oeCKOHeQHOM RaHOHe r-ro BCTy,nJIeHIHI OTJIlilfeH

If

(He '3a6y.ueM, npoxax,

l1HTepBaJ1aM

OTHOCIITC5I H l1HTepSaJI OT e JI 11q H H e a Jl b H hI X

}I(

,,P

11

EF t!*i2::--jj::e*

Rl

R2

lIP

..... n

"R1

npe.ullIecTBylOu~eH H H 10, O.uHH TOY

npoxae

C x 0 .u H bI M e )l( n y C 0 6 0 TO nOB BCe x 3TOT n e p SOH a

H H a rr p a B Jl eC 0 e n H H e H H j:j H paBH5IeTC5I Ha "I H C'JI 0

Iv,

lv

oTpHuaTeJIbHbIH Y MHO

le1
c) d)
H T.r;.

III e H b III e a y

° JI 0 COB
EhoT

H H T e p S a JI y, K a H 0 H a.

e H HOM Y

Iv

OTHOCIITC5I R coe.nHHeHHIO P-t'hI 6eCKOHe"lHhIH KaHoH, .uOJI)l(eH, CJIe.uoBaTeJIbHO, 6bITb

C Ka)l(.uolO H3 RR-t. aanacaa npn cne3 m.

I,
B
nepBhIx nsyx npaaepax HJIH

3-x-rOJIOCHhIH sCTyrrJIeHHH,

HMelOw.HH BbIllIeynOM5IHYThIe 3 m, (P

.nYTOUU1X YCJlOBHHX:

(P

+ RI)
HeT

Iv

=-

+ R2)

Iv

=-

§
o603HatJeHhI npn nyHRTHpoM TaKOM nopsnxe HJIH paaee 3HatJeHHH re 113 npoBCTynJIe6bIl3llIeMY

132~

I1PH

3TOM

HeOOXO,lU1MOCTH, "ITo6hI CJIe.n:OSaJlH .upyr 3a HHTepBaJIbI TO

cxonasie npyrox,

HHTepBaJlbI .}{aKOM 6hI nonooaoro 1\feHbIlleMY

nenocpencraeauo rropxnxe 3~x",rOJIOCHOrO HHTepBaJIY,

H3BO.uHbIX COe.uYlHeHHH, xoropue HHH HH5I nO.u06HbI u POH3BOD.HOMY H nOTOMY He

HHpaCrrOJIOJK11Tb RaHOHajH HanpaBJIeHHIO,

BCTynJIeHH5I 113 HHX paBH5IeTC5I

nepBOHatJaJ1bHOMY, HMelOT

eCJIH TOJlbKO nsa

.uJ1H onpeneneOTcyTnOBTO-

CXO.uHbI no BeJIHlfHHe

Iv scema
acerna

Iv.
HatJI1HaH C npHMepa c), o603HatJeHH5I oaa nyHRTHpoM "RI, a TaK)l(e nponyw.eHO B xoropoe H BCTynJIeHHe npOH3Bo.uHoe. HHTepBaJl, OTJlHtJaIOIUHI1cH orpanareasuua. OT TaR npHJIOOTPH-

B3HTOMY TpH paaa,

cTByIOT, roro, paer P-t'hI .upyrHx KaK

lfTO coenaaenae, cotioro

BXO.uI1T: R2

+ "RI

BCJIe.uCTBHe

uaTeJIbHbIM H ncerna 6y.ueT OTHOCH'tbCH R 660HM HbIM COe.!lHHeHH5IM (P Rl 11 P R2):

6y.ueT OTPHnepnoaavans-

npenurecreyromee

131. K

113

3THX cxea

HCHO, 'ITO, BCJIeJ1.CTBHe B03Bpaw.eHIUI

HatJaJlbHOH csoeio T. e.

cTynemr, 6hITb

BeJlHtJHHOIO, .uOJl)I{eH OTJlHtJaTbC5I OT HHX H CBOHM HHTepBaJIOM

@~@ p -~:7NRl Rl 2
D,JISl BCeX 3THX

a)

-9

-9

->9

Ib)u

~ <;;>* R2..P
'"1

rl}t
-9

M
flRI

nanpaanenaex,

BCTynJleHHH

(P

.uJl51 nOJIYlfeHH5I

Iv

K 3TOMY HHTepBaJ1Y Tpe6yeTc5I C 06paTHbIM 3HaROM, T. e. raroxe

lV=-9·
KaHoH, HanHCaHHhIH 5e~RoHelfHbIH 1<am.uhIM H3 rOJIOCOB (cp.

+ RI)
aa-rar BCTynRaHOHa. KaHOH, paapsna, oseus

)l(HTb nepaoaasansaerji UaTeJIbHhIH, noro KaHOHe HerrpHMeHHMbI. HHTepBaJ1a npa paSH5leTC5I l1X cyxae. I1YTeM

B 3THX YCJIOaH5IX MO)l(eT ObITb 2-X-rOJIOGHbIH KaHOH r-ro aanacarr, HaHTM B

TO OlfeBI1.uHO, lfTO nOJIO)!{HTeJIbHble JICHO raroae, pasencrae nsyx npyrnx

IIv

B nonorinox

20). nee

'ITO BeJII1qI1Ha OTpHuaTeJjh' nOJIO)l(HTeJlbHbIX asnne tPopMyJIa 3 m. ero

§
JleH1UI

133·
-?

0 H ace

IIv

= 0,

rne

He 'rpynao, Ylfe6HHKe

Cnocoou Haurercn
ROHTpa.uOti.uH.nO lO

OTCIO.ua HrrpHBe.ueHHa5I He Tpy.uHO aa rex

(OTHOC5Iw.aHC5I K CJ1Ylfa5IM, rne nsanarepsaaa TaKl1X me cooripaaceaaa HHIO, 'ITO HMelOw.eM B 4-X-f'OJIOCHOM 6eCROHelfHOM

pasma), npl1TTH

Lv

=-

.COlfHHeHHH

MO)l(HO

Ka}l(.!loM

HaH60Jlee

rrpaKTH"IHhIM nepeHOCMTC5I HanHcaHHOMY

SlBJI5IeTCH CJle.uYIOIUHH npaex. 3aTeM C nepsoa na BTOPYIO M npononxraercs, aa

K 3aKJITOlfepa3p5l.ua, npn

no MOMeHTa BCTyrrJIeHHH RI.

HOTHOH CTPOKH

KaHOHe r-ro

MeJIOllMH nyaxrapya

aropasaue

BCTyrrJIeHH5l

)l(e cTyneH5IX,

I-ii

CTpORe

OT.neJlY.

146
KOHlJ,a

147

nocnennero,

MeJIOJJ.MH nepenocnrcs 4-x-rOJIOCHblll, Bl\OHue

na rpersro
TO TeM ,He

CTpOI\y~

roporo

nooaepenao

McnOJIHHlOTCl1 rOJIOC~MM. TeM

)He cnocotiox

oripasyn
name-rca

C JJ.BYM51 npe}J{H,MMI1 rOJIOCaMM TpexrOJIOCHblM ECJII:I liaHOH cTpoHa.

npocroa
cnocooox

tleTpYJJ.HO

nacars
B

xanon

---:> 0 M JJ.JI5j60,JII?IIlerO

qMCJIa rOJIOCOB.

IWHTpanYBKT.

§ ero
6hITh

134.

CJIeJJ.YlOIlleM I{aHOHe

I'naaxn.

saMMCTSQBaHHOM

aa

qeTBepTafl

nOCJIeJJ.HeM CTPOIUI MeJ10-

PYKonMcHhix

ynpaacaeaaa,
BCTynalOT B

XpaH51Illl:lXC51 B rIy6JIM"IHOit JJ.ROMHOM KOHTpanYHKTe

bI:l6.

JJ.Mfl .lI.OJI}J{Ha nononra

KHa"laJIY

rrepsofi, xax nanp.:

• H49. N

" ....-::: -==Frs' F .

A

--~

JlHoTeKe, C

ronoca

B OKTaBY, BC.lleJJ.CTBH.eqerO P JJ.OJI}J{Ha OKTaBbI

Ka}J{JJ.oM I1S RR .

(m=7,Iv=-21)

-=---~--____ ._
~_

pLA
, Ii

j;.:'

-~~'_

~'

"::
.',

",~

~~ ... )

....

IJ.
c

=rEE
OTHOCI:ITeJIhHO JJ.Ba MHTepBaJIa npaBJIeHI:IlO,

-roro,
"ITO

""\ )~e';'§/'...~~~
- ..k-------(.)~) C .. )

r IrrrJr
aaarsre,
C TOlO me COCTaBJIfllOT MeJ1OJJ.H.elO

HaJHJJ.hIMnOJJ.o6HhIH HaHOH, I1MelOIll.I1M OJJ.I1HaKOBhIMM no BeJII:I'II:IHe M

BCTynJIeHI1fl

aa-

MOJHeT 6b1Th

nauar

JIlO6hIM MS rOJIOCOB, 6hIJIO yme

3Tl:I P-t'y. RI, B

TpH B

OTJJ.eJIa,

nOCJIeJJ.OBaTeJIhHO

rOBopeHO

20·M.

aauane aroporo OTJJ.eJIa BCTymiT navane rperaero=-R;

-~ R2

.. -

M150.
tJ

-: :

rnHHKa.

~.

Rl
tJ

I] pH HHCTpYMeHTaJIhHOM JJ.OnOJIHHTeJIhHhIX rOJIOCax TeJIhHO 06JIerq-aeTC5I.

_+-

L-.

_ ....

p aHIWMnaHHMeHTe MJIH nooome B OKTaBY npM

I

tJ

CO"lHHeHMe HaHOHa H xaapra MoryT

aaaunOHTa-

KBI1HTa

ynoTpe6JI51ThC5I

v
A

".

:
:

CBo6oJJ.HO M OT BCeX Tpe60BaHHM

JJ.BoMHoro HOHTpanYHKTa

13b1 OCTalOTCH TOJIb}{O JJ.Ba: H36eraTh HhIX HBapT

nOCJIeJJ.OBaHH5InapaJIJIeJIh-

M HOHbI, JJ.I1CCOHMPYlOweMBBepxy. B OKTaBY KaHOH B

Bnaronapa

3T11M

.1[)

"
'V II

"
:

YCJlOBH5lM xaaon HeHHM, xatc H BCTpeqaeTCH

:\1liI

npeJJ.CTaBJIHeT Tal{ me

MaJIO 3aTpyJJ..-

npI1MY.

nOJJ.o6HOM KaHOHe HepeJJ.IW KaHOHa cozteaJIHTepaTypa

nepenonaaae

BCTynJTeHl:IM B OKTaBY co BCTynJIeH11HCOlJHHeHI151nOJJ.06Horo

B npI1My.

Jlerxocrr.

MOMeHTa

BCTymIeHHH TO me

nocnenaea Tpex[,OJIOCHOe

KaHOHe

R-t'hI

nOBTO-

CTBOBaJla ero

pacnpOCTpaHeHHlO. 11 OKTaBY,

Cymecrayer

uenas

pHeTCH

OJJ.HO H

coenaneaae,

OTJJ.eJIbIHO-

IUtHOHOB B np11My

OT JJ.eTCKl1xneceaox

JJ.O cepseaaux

10"

149
MY3blRa.JIbHblX npOH3Be,D.eHHH BRJIIO'lHTeJIbHO. aa Eha <pOpMa RaHOIia aa aHrJIHHCKOM B03BpamaIOOTTeHOK ,D.JIH HOCHT Ha3Ba.HHe HTaJIbHH'CROM 5I3bIRe Rota, acrynatomaa 3TOMY aa BTOPOH nOJIOBHHe TpeTbero COe.ll.HHeHHe

Rund. Tecaue
IllHXCH KOMli3Ma TeKCTOB P K n

BCTYIIJleHI15I rOJIOCOB, 6ecnpecTaHHo JI~rRO MorYT C006111liTb

H3MeHeHHIO

P + RI
HO H

TaRTa.

Enaronapa Coenaneaae
yCJIO-

.6YJJ,eT YJJ,oBJIeTBOp5lTb

Ha'laJIY.

RaHoHY rrparonauu iKe

YCJIOBH5IM He

,D.eJIaIOT· ero.npeHMyruecTBeHHo xapaxrepa.

+ R2

TOJIbKO

Iv ~ - 9,

Iv

-:- -'.1

I.

B CBoeM 'rertepeumex

mYTJmBOrO

cO'iHHeHH5IX

cepbe3Hblx, H pal3H"SIeT-

BH5IM

Iv

=-

BH,D.eTaK)I(e

ynOBJIeTBOp5leT

II.

9THM 'lT06bI

CBOHCTBOM MbI BnOCJIe,D.CTBHH BOCnOJIbnOJIYLJHTh 1-13sroro RaHOHa KaHOHH-

HMeeT 60JIee IUH

MeHee 3HatJ:HTeJIbHOe npOTHiKeHHe

3yeMC5I qeCKYIO

nJI5I roro, cexaeaumo.

C5I Hepe,D.KO lleJIOMY H T. ,D..).

QepHO,D.Y (RaHoH B ,,<PH,D.eJIHo·, B "PYCJIaHe"

§ 136. Cnenyiotuaa
neUHMbI.

RaHOH raroxe

B .ll.BOHHOM KOHTpanYHKTe

§ 135.
B npyrae

OT

KaHOHa

B npHMY

If oKTaBY

nepexonax rpeoyer

K KaHoHY nsoasoro

IfHTepBaJIbI. neUHMbI:

Cnenyionran
m

ROHTpanYHKTa

= 3,
:

Iv = - 9.

KaHOH

ii~-

JVn152.
f----

Ilia " ... ~

-====t=:
n.

.no

H-F-fL-.J

--'

-e-

Rl

,- <,
:

, ~

-e-

..--F---;-

r--

b
KaHoH,

--

.
-

"

-eMY

.
OH 3BYLJHT nycTo B TpH' ronoca, .I10JIHOTY I
I

HO npH

ynBoeHH5IX

npaoope1

HaIIHcaHHbIH

npa

Iv

BTOPOH

rpynlIhI, ,D.OlIYcKaeT

6naronapl1 Y,D.BOeHH51 66JIhlllYIO

raer

rapMOHHLJecRYIO

H 6JIar03BYQHe.

OTCYTCTBHIO np5IMOrO necoaeptueansnrn rapMOHH'l:ecRYIO

nBHmeHH5I,

HepenRo

JVytM
::Ik::

KOHCOHaHca~H, nOJIHOTY.·

coorimatourae

Btaurenpaueneaasra
BCJIenCTBlIe TpHToHa, ynBoeHHI1 P-t'hl

KaHOH aeynotiea rroxy-raromerocs aepxaeti TepUHeH

--

,D.JI51 nO.l106HbIX Y.lJBOeHliH, B MeJIOnliH. HJIH neUliMoH TaR, Hanp.,

---p --

L--,I -~Rl
--

--= -~
;___

---f)::--~ .

-.~- v--...
I 1
e __
-

:
l---, :

1.....-

<,

npH

~-

nOJIY'-IaeM

TPI1TOH BO 2-M TaRTe,

¥==F=-

~-

=-:
3TOT

----

.-

1
l--(J-I

_._

:::.;!.
(eCJIH B

KaHoH npH YJI.BOeHIUf

l\WrReT npHMepe

6hlTh

I1CnOJlHeH

11 4-x-rOJIOCHO

Ri

HU)f(HeH nc:UHMOH-TPI!TOH Han06HOCTH B

Me)f(ny

nOCJIenHelO XOT51 H pas-

npensmyrnea

YCTpaHHTh erne uaa

OnHH 113 KpaHHI-1X rOJIOCOB). raroxe npn

HOTOIO MeJIOnHH H nepBOIO .lleJIeHHblH nacsae naY30H .. HeT

HOTOIO ·ee nOBTOpeHH5I,

§ 137.
KaHoH no BeJIHtUme

IlpHBonHM

OnHH lWHOH HHTepBaJIa

Iv = - 9.
cxonaux

06'51CH5ITb, '-ITO B cB060nHOM MoryT acrpeaart.ca

3TOT HMeeT TaR)f(e

BCTynJIeHH5I,

nonoriasre

TPHTOHbI

MeJIOnHI1

H HanpaBJIeHHIO,

HO OTJIHQaeTC5I OT npensmymax He

6eCnpen5lTCTBeHHO. ECJIH B npHBeneHHOM P-t'bI aa npaxepe yxoporars nOCJIenHIOIO HOTY nOJIOI3HHY ee nJIHTeJIbHOCTH P (BMeCTO 1=1 B3HB ~), TO H3 cexcra,

KaHOHOB HMeHHO:

BCTynJIeHneM

rOJIOCOB

-no

nopanxy

BhICOThI,

coeIlHHeHH5I

+ Ri,

6yneT

YCTpaHeHa. HenpHrO'tOBJIeHHaH

ISO
Ho KaHOHa HaM yxce 113BeCTHO, 'ITO TaKOH nOpJI.!l.OK BCTYOJIefmH He aa aa BeJIli'lIiHY

OKa3bIBaeT

BJIllHHllH

Iv,

KOTOPbIH 11 nJIH nO)106HOro MeHbwero aarep-

paBHHeTCJl oTpllUaTeJIbHOH

BeJIll'IHHe

BaJIa, YMHomeHHoii'

'IllCJIO rOJIOCOB KaHOHa.

N~155,

§ 139. B
N2158.
Iv>!:..!.

3aKJIfO'IeHHe

npaaeaex

ynoTpe611TeJIbHOrO
... r--

Iv,

a llMeHHO

Iv
--f-

=no

KaHoH, 12.

Tpe6YIOlUHH

I=&=-'=it § 138. nyoneuaau:

CJIenYlOlUHe
ill

,_ ':-:e.

= 6, Iv =-

nsa

KaHOHa aanacaau TaI{TaM.

B l(OHTpanYHI<Te p

18.

PaCCT05lHMe BCTynJIeHUH B KamnOM

M3 3TMX KaHOHOB paBHJleTCJl nByM

MomHO McnOJIHHTb R 'leThIpeXrOJIOCHO,

-----'---

KaHOH3TOT

ynaoas

JilJIM

N2159.

B HMJI(HIOIO repumo

~-

ff!;Jt-i~'

II;) ~

a"

_
-(7-.

_
MJIH

-_~'-fL-

R,

B BepXHlO1O TepUMIO, npanex,

nJIa l'la6emaHM5I

TpHTOHa,

CJIe~yeT

N!!l60.

113MeHMTb KJIIO'leBOe 0603Ha'leHHe

. 1t:--=-=__

-."""_

152:
P-t'a RR-t sroro npa RaHCHa He TCJIbRC RCHTpanyHRTHpyeT

r 5:f Iv

=-

.K RamnCH M3 H3 HHX rarose HaM RaHCHa cexP-t'hl oM

3TCM

"llur

ebenfalls

moglich"
W:lHCHbl r-ro

o'rxyna

BMnHo,' B

'ITO. M 2·x-rOJIOCHHtepBaJ1b1 cyIi.J.eCTBo7

12,

HC CCCT<lIBJIHeT C RamncIO RCHTpanYHRTe H3 sroro ynsoeaaa

Hble 'oeCRCHeqHble CH C'lHTaeT

paapsna

npyrne

coenaneaae BC3McmHCCTh BeHUHIO.

B nBCHHCM

CRTaBI;>I, 'ITO. nacr

f!eSC3MC)!{HbIMM). TOJIbRC

Ho

eCJIH B03McmHOCTh

BnCCJIenCTBHH .noiiy-nrrr, 8J,IlUeynCMHHyTble rax paapeureuae

saHHH TaRMX RaHCHCS n He nOnJIel:HMT CCMHE'HI1IO, TO saaxeaae I1X OrpaHM'-IMBaeTCH

nenaroracecxoro B

CTOpCHCIO. OHM; MC-

OnHOBpeMeHHC He McryT TaRTe HenpaBHJIbHCe

R2-t'bE

ryT CJIymMTb XOpCllIMM ynpaxaeaaex Hc-nCnSMmHOM C CMblCJIe, BpHn RCHTpanYHRTe. JIM Mo.ryT 2-X-rCJIOCHbIMH 3To.My MemaeT OeCI{CHe'-lHlJMH HaHTM HeH36emHaH

B 3-x-rOJICCHCM BepTMRaJ1b-: RCMnC3MUMH me CHM, aapasne RaHCHaMH npaxeaeaae.

'B

OblTb cnenaasr,

RaJ< 3TCMY cenraau:

noxeinano

ObI B 5"M

6.

COOCTBeHHo.~ Ro.Po.TRo.i1

TIpM

P~t'e or

Mo.Ho.To.HHo.CTh, npoacxonauias R o..lJ.Ho.H,M To.H me <ppa3e, TIPH YBeJIM'leHJlH 'l.YBCTBo.Xo.TH xaaoaa, M nepecraer

Bo.3BparueHHH

Ral:HLlo.ro. ro.noca

nCBTCpHeMo.H na C.lI.HMX H rex .J:JIMHbl P-t'bl Ec JIff , B3aMeH P-t'hl no.JIyqIlM MIl IlHTepBaJIaMH M R2"t'-bl Mbl B03hMeM HX ynsoeaaa, HMIlTaUIlH C nByM5I onnaaxonuTO. BaThCH, HMe HC B3aMeH 'rcro

me cTyneHH~.

Mo.Ho.TCHHo.CTh 3Ta, nncaaae KTo.My

3HaqMTeJIbHo.

Bo.3paCTaIOT TpynHcCTM,. neJIaIOIUl1e orixoxuienpM 3To.M B sHny.Tex

HaqaJIC RaHOHIl'leCKOH BCTynJIeHM51 (m

C Ro.To.PblMM conpaaceao C HMM Heyno.oHblM.

= 6).

iHe uocrnraexaa

..

1'1 ~

J--J
i

II

To.qHOCTb B MMl1TaUHH xaamoro

n.

H3 rCJIo.CCB CCTaeTC51 nJIH CJIY'"

1- 1
:
H.

. .iLn_jf_

rr r,

UJaTeJIeHHe3aMeTHOH,TaR CJIo.mHblX OTHCIiIeHl1H, HBJISleTC51HeS03Mo.mHblM

KaR npn. nJIl1H~CH

a"

Pvt'e,

xaxae

ro.noca

BXCn51T .lJ.pyr C npyrox, I1MMTaUHH•

YCJIenHTh 3a rouaocrsio

-.

(a)

(b)

.-

r ITA B A
npH

XU.

OnHaKO

H snecs ra

B03BpaU~eHIlIO

P·t'bl

na rex

)I(e cryneaax naer B

(a) MemaeT

me cerrrnaa,

Ro.TOpaH npIl

(b)

HenpaBIlJIbHo.e c06cTBeHHcM

paspemeuae:
TaRHM caucne KaK Mbl Mbl

6.
o.6pa3o.M He OeCRo.He'lHOrO RaHOHa MO)I(eM, nOJIy'-lMTb npH HMme, snecs Ha"npyrHt TIcRa STIlX BCTynJIeHH51X. aoaapameane P-t'hl

6eCKOH8'1HbIM 3-x·rOJlOCHbIH KaHOH I-ro paspRAa co BTOPK'IHbIMK BCTynneHHRMK aa APyrMx crynsaax (KaHOjIM'IeCKaR ceKBeH~MH l-ro pa3pRAa).

Ho,
C

141.

)lJI5I

3-x-rOJICCHOH coenaaenaa TCMY,

RaHOHHQeCKOH TeM noseneno RaR B

ceRBeHUHH H,

Mbl

YBHnHM

B03MomHC

oy.n:eM- 'ratoxe BaTeJIhHC, TCT me UHSlX, npH c6a

crnaaars

npennoxreaae

BCTynJIeHIl51M, rne no nsyx cnenoCn11H cexsenIi

n~peCTaHo.BKOIO, M5I npyraaa

CTY,nelH1, .T. e. 'S03MomHa OTMeTI1M, 'ITO.

RaHOH11(P+RI) nonoriaux H CRTaBY)

QHCJIC' npoaasomnax

QeCRa51 ceRseHUHH.

Pvt'a

HaXo.nIlTC51 C nay-

rrepaoaasansmax no..uCOHO npn

COenl'IHeHM5I

MMeIOT

Iv

=§

rCJICCaMH B nBCHHOM RCHTpanYHRTe'neUIlMhl:

M

9
140.

(P

=R

2)

Iv

=-

Iv.

2-X-fonOCHblX

9.
r-ro pa3p5lna,

Ramno.M ceRseHUHIO

naHHo.MIlHTepBa.TIe J1IOOo.M113 np»

BCTynJIeHH5I Mbl MCrJIH B 3aBHCI1MOCTM CT 1(0caoex, saepx nepeHJlI1

EeCRCHeQHblX

RaHOHOB

uanacars Tcporo

Iv,

asnnenpaeeneaaua HaM He ynanocs Tcphle BaHHH, RaK

(sa

HCRJIIOQeH,MeMkaHo.HOB B IlpIlMY B YQe6HJIKax

P -t'a

nOJImHa

ObIJIa,

B03BpaLUem1H Tenepb

BCTpeTIlTb ray<p<p, B _ npMMy

KOHTpanYHRTa.

Hexo-

CTGlBJI51TbCH .aa TO. UJIM npyroe ~HM3, TaR H B paccuarpaaaexux 'leC1{HX CeI\BeHUHHx~C aeaaio

1(CJIHQeCTBO cryneaeji

TeOpeTMRI1 o.TpHuaIOT aarrp., JIHllIh

caxyro B03Mo.)I(Ho.CTb IlX cyruecTBcyraepacnaioruan, qTC TaRI1e RaHCHhl

,I1JIIl S oRTaBY (OH rOBopHT npn

3-x-rCJIo.CHI>lX RaHo.Hl1-

nByM51 paBHbIMH no SeJIHqMHe M nanpas-

Bo.3MOmHbl

MHTepB~JIal\lH: sCTynJIeHFl51 (o603Ha"leHHhIMu6YRBOIO

m)-

154
Mbl 113 MomeM 1l)I5I 11:aHHbIX BCTynJIeHI1H P,

ISS
Ri
~I

R.

B351Tb JII060H

IIv

§ 142. Ilv,
'B RaHOHe co
B

I1MelOml1e nepeCTaHOBKY BCTynJIeHIUIMH

npaxyro, seaosxoacnue
na 'rex
me cTyneH5IX,

CnpOTl1BOnOJIOmHOH

nepeCTaHOBROM,

ROTOPbIM 11 onpenpH

BTOp"qHbIMI

11:eJII1TC5I I1HTepBa.)! BCTynJIeHIiH 11:JI5I uP-t'bI. 11:JI5Inp"MeHeHI51 cTyneHb

Iv

= -7,

TaR Hanp.,

m=2,

RaHOHHqeCRHX CeRl3eHUH5IX XOT5I 11 B03MOiRHbl, HO Qpe3BbIQaH11:eJIa5! HeH36emHbIMH CJIHIl1ROM 60JJbllIMe nepeCTaHOBRI1 BTOPHQHbJX

np"11:eTC5I nepeCTaBJI5ITb

P-t'y

na
TpH

B HanpaBJIeHI1H

npOTI1BOnOJIOmHOM

m,

HO HeYll,06HbI, BCTynJIeHI1H

11:JI5I np"MeHeHH5I

Iv=~'8-Ha
H T. 11:.:

zrae cryneaa,
m=2

aa

HHTepBaJIbJ.

11:JI5I npHMeHeHI151 IV:--9-Ha

§ 143.
'Horu

IIpHBoll,I1M

npaxepu

RaHOHOB C npHMeHeHHeM 11:BOH-

ROHTpanYHRTa

ORTaBbI, 11:eUMMbIH

nyouenanu.

EI-: :

[=-rr-=-:ii"'-.~...

~.~.
1-

~o

~/f~o~~.O~.=9
_..t__ _

:.-::::J

=:I .

ITpH

IIv -= - 14.

h~-7.

ECJIH m = JHlTb m, aa

3,

TO 11:JJ5I npMMeHeHH5I

Iv = -7

HymHo

P nepecrasHMeeT

11:Be cryneaa m

H T. 11:.B03bMeM

= 3:

TOM me HanpaBJJeHHH, xaxoe

N!!l62.

Iv~-14. -~

,.

;ij

1._-7. i'
p

Iv .-t<

E?

. lvo-s.

KaHOH

npH

IIV' = - 16.

Hs

3TI1X npaxepoa C

TOT, ROTOPbIH HMeeT noaropsiomeiocs

Iv = aa

9, nORa3bIBaeT, me

QTO RaHOH cTyneH5IX,

P-t'OIO,

011:HHXH 'rex

ecrs

JII111IbQaCTHblH CJIYQaH RaHOHMQeCJWHceRBeHUMH.

Cnenyioume

xaaoau

Tpe6ylOT

IIv = -

II.

..

~ .---,..., - --- -iJ

r----!'----.,

rq

"

Q$I ,

- - - ,,,
.

157

,NH64,

--

-o-:
f)

-..- f----'" Rl

dl I~

PXII,52, -

~ rr
--

-...... 1

_-

((--;J II
/I
1

TTl

II

R2

-t -~F>..;;

..

.~ :B:::::::_':"
.'

.:._-

P RI F'2

N.o166 P~.II

Iv - - '11 -

IV-_1~
L-..:::.-J

I
R2

JJ. J/hlll
I •

J.JJ.
I
.-

Po X,50. !-rr.'
..~~.

.-

Rl

fl'

11.-

1/

§ 144, Hepenao B 6eCKOHeqHOM KaHOHe r-ro pa3p5l.Il.a P-t'a, no OTHoweHMIO K Kail<.Il.OH R·t'e npM Iv, KOTOPbIH rpeoyerca .lI.aHHbIM KaHOHOM, B TO )!{e BpeMH oripaayer C Ka)!{.Il.OH M3 HllX coenaaeaae npH KaI<OM-Jm60 apyroa Iv, noJIyqMBWMMCH c.nyqaHHO M naHHbIM KaHOHOM He rpedyexoro. B paCCMOTp~HHblX J3blWe npnaepax MbI oraexana nonoriaue cnysaa cosnaneaaa nsyx nOKa3aTeJIeH. 8TOT BTOPOH Iv naer B03MO)!{HOCTb H3 6eCKOHeqHor:o KaHOHa cnenars KaHOHHqeCKYIO cexseauaro, nepecrasaa P-t'y TaK, QTo6bI nO.TIYQMJlHCbBCTynJIeHHH, oraesatourae aToMY BTOPOMY rrOKa3aTeJlIO. C nonotiauua cny<JaHMMMbl yxre ucrpeaanacr, npH H3JlO)!{eHHH YQeHH5I 0 z-x-roJIOCHOM 6eCKOHeQHOM KaHOHe (§ 42). § 145. Cnenaex onsrr C nexoropuxa M3 auurenpaaenennux
ROHTparryHKTMpyH npaxepos 6eCKOHeQHOrO KaHOHa. TIpMBonH aanacanauft B npH 6eCKOHeqHblM KaHOH Mhl ynoumrana 0

N2 153 (§ 136),
TOM, QTO ecna aa P-t'bl

Iv = - 9,

aTOM KaHOHe

YKOPOTMTb

nOCJlenHIOIO HOTY C

M167,
, tJ

nOJIOBHHY ee oripaayer H npa

.llJIHTeJIbHOCTU, TO OKa)!{eTCH, QTO P coenaaenae II. He TO.JIbI{O npH

IV;-11.

II

L
:

r~l.

1-td
R,

14

.
I
I

'l{a.1K.lloH:M3 RR-t

Iv = - 9,

JI

I jll

- ,L
I

V·4

1- hJ
II

l?f

....
I
I
It

J
TA

HO raroxe

Iv = nOJIYQlIM

Coxpaaas

HeM'3MeHHhIMM nepBble COrJlaCHO C 3TMM

.nsa MHTepBaJla HOBblM {:aMH, HMe!b

BCTynJleHM5I, M3MeHMM TpeTHH

Iv,

M MhI

I{aHOHHQ,ecKYIO ceKBeHUMIO C rOJlOTepUHIO. 8Ta ceKBeHUM5I nonncaa

nOHHil<aIOllI,lI~IHC5I aa cnenyronme

BCTynJIeHMH:

"

159
M169.
r-

co

;-,

113 " 1-..4-it-• ,'" H

--

.
/I

B
/1
l

npMBOJl.MMOM HH)I{e npMMepe

nOpHJl.OR BCTYIlJIeHMH

M3MeHeH:

CeKBeHUHH HaqHHae'J.'CH CpeJl.HMM rOJIOCOM. BepXHHH CeRBeHllMH Jl.OnYCRaeT YJl.BOeHHe B HM)I{H101OTepllHIO.

rOJIOC arott

-~

---,

Rl

'---~~

".
/I

--HT.

p; .

RI

.v-..J

II

-~

!!r-e-- -~-r+ ... -+---=: :t=

r-----I -e--------F- If

1 -

-§ 146.
Iv =
sroro IJepeXOJl.HM .N2 R npHBeJl.eHHoMY KaK BbIllJe RaHoHY cxaaaaov npw

! "'' '
I-

P l:t I:IIH=-"'-;{-- -

------"
R qTOObl

----_1/

== ~=

12

158 (§ 139).

3TO ObIJIO ysce

Pvt'a
B
I-'

KaHOHa HaXOJJ.HTCH, Jl.ByMfI C

npyraua
naer

rOJIOCaMM raroxe B03MomHOCTb

--.;--

:--=f!=

---

--

Jl.BOHHOM KOHTpanYHRTe qMTb KaHOHMqecKYIO

ORTaBbI. BTO C

rrOJIy-

ceRBeHllMIO

nepecranoaxof

rOJIOCOB na npM

repumo

§ 148.
nemrrs aa

llJI51 'roro,

nOJIyqMTh

nOpHJl.OK BCTynJIeHMH aroro

BHH3, co

BCTynJIeHMHMM

Jl.aHHOM nse

Iv,

HymHo

aOCOJlIOTHYIO BeJlHqHHY paBHbIe MJlH

Iv

pa3-

qaCTM -

aepaenue.

Hs

3THX Jl.ByX

h:-14_1 B KOTOPOH

."

"

--e-

~IaCTeH OJl.Hy npHHHMaeM B

aa MHTepBaJl, Jl.BamJl.bI BCTpeqalOIllHHCH aa ocrarouiaaca TO MHTepBaJl. C ECJlH

cxexe,

npyryio

qaC!h

OJl.Ha sacn. cryneua

BJl.BOe OOJlhWe npyroti,

,,P

scrynaer.

TOH }J{e

qTO H

P P,

M nonysaerca

oeCKOHeqHbIH

KaHOH B C06CT3THX aa nacren

Rl

Jl.OnYCHaeT ynaoenae

B BepXHlO1O ceKCTY:

BeHHOM

cxucae. Ilpa

BCHlWM npyrox

OTHoweHMH I1HTepBaJl,

rronysrae'rca

RaHOHMqeCRaH ceRBeHUHH. onpenenaercs

KOTOPbIll

M170.
t.J

.. ..

1V=-i4.

R2

--jI
I

nepeCTaBJIHeTC5I 'I

CJleJl.YIOIllHM

CXOJl.HbIX MHTepBaJlOB, CH C nOJlOmHTeJlbHhlM

B3HTOH CO 3HaROM MI1Hyca,

oripaaox: K cyMMe npaxnanusaeranreripaane-

J- bJ
p RI

....

3HaROM BeJlHqHHa HeCXOJl.HOrO C npOqHMH nOJIyqI1BWeHCH

II

l.-

HHTepBaJla.
" I

AOCOJIIOTHaH BeJlHqHHa na

Ilia
I .....

II

r- n I r'j

H~l

CROH CyMMhI YKa3hIBaeT,

RaROM HHTepBaJl

nepeueinaerca

P.

p;.

Hanpasnenae
ynoMHHYTOH

me

aroro

nepeaemeaas

onpenensercs

3HalWM

CyMMhl:

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TO nanpasneCXOJl.-

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P·t'hI

npOTMBOnOJlO)I{HO aanpaaneaaro

§ 147. MbI
MMMTaUl'IH TOll Jl.pyrHMH

OTMeTMJlM nsnue me TeMbI npl1 m

(§ 139), qTO B KaHOHl1qeCKOH = 6, P·t'a oripasyer C .Jl.ByMH

Jl.eUHMbI. OTCIOJl.a

HbIX MemJl.Y COOOIO HHTepBaJlOB; TO aanpaaneaae BaJlOB. 3TO TO

eCJlH )I{e 3HaK OTpHuaTeJlbHblHt CXOJl.HbIXHHTep-

me,

qTO H aanpasnenae

rOJlOCaMH aa

Jl.BOHHOll HOHTpanyHHT

HBJlHeTCH B03MO)I{HOCTb noasnuaiomytoca

nonyvars xanonasecxyio cexaeunmo, TepUHIO, co cnenyiouraxa l3CTynJleHMHMI1:

I.

l1poTHBOnOJlO)I{HaH

nepecrauoana,
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B OJJ.HOM HanpaSJIeHl1H,

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nepecranouun. nano
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11

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xoropue

oecI<OHeqHOM

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2-ro

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KaHOH

paapRAa).

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<;0 BCTYTwemUIMH

r-ro,

§ 154.
CTpMHbI

ITPHBO)lMM

npMMep

6ecKoHetJllOro

KaHOHa ~

0 ITaJIe-

paspSlAa. IlpO'lHX,

nepBOM

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paCCTOHHHeM, Mellmy R2

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M172.

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.;JlMOHM B

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R,

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nanaraeuae

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mer 0

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Iv,

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= 0,

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nuure,

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r~ '"
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I

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(§

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§ 152•
Y3HaeM H re l{OHelJHblit

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Tpe6yeMblH ROTOPblM C TaKHMM

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§
ronoca T. e.

ISS.

IlOJl.06HbIH

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roro, BalOT

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liP

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COeJl.H:HeHMer ocoooro

neuuouy. § 153. Cnocoo

onpenenaerca nHcaHHH. RaHOHa

COeJl.HHeHH:e KOHTpanYHKTHQeCRH P-t'e TpY)lHOCTh He

npaBHJIbHOe,

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npe)lCTaBJIHeT

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I'p,

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rne

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nYHl{Te,

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M "R2

npeJl.llIecTBylOUlHMH

MM, OTCQHTaHHblMH: OT Hl-lX BJIeBO, MHHMblMH HeYJl.06cTB, R-t'OIo ua

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11*

165
aaoynex, 'ITO pa3 BCTY": .LlO MOMeHTa BCTynJleHHH H3 rpex MHI1MblX rOJlOCOB 2-M nOJlOBHHhI cxexu, ro.noca a) H b) HaXOJUITCH B Tal<OM me OTHOIIIeHHH npyr K .upyry, xax Ii ro.noca peansnoro COe.LlHHeHHHP RI. 8Tl:l naa MHl:lMblX rOJlO-

ca,

KaK

HaXO~HIIl.HeCH Me)l(.LlY COOOlO B

KOHTpanYHKTHqeCKOM

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1/

ynoriaee, npa asmonaeaaa O.LlHOM HOTHOH crpoxe, a' rOJlOC c) OT

HaqaJlbHblX

aanaxa,
Hl:lX

nanacars

aa nsyx

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nYTeM Mbl ITOJIyql:lM TOQHOe BocnpOH3Be.LleHl:le BCTynJleHlHI

peam.aux

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cnenyiornero aa

HHMH MHI1MOro.

MOIKBo 6~Jlo

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aa

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a) l:l c),

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peansnoe coennaenae cxexe.

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Ri

+ R2.

OH

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cnenyiotuasr

BCTynJIeHHeM

§ 157.
KOHetiHoMY

tr.~~_~~~f:~.2~~~~Ecna
JIHCb ObT3TO OWJl l<aHOH KOHeQHblH, TO YCJlOBH51 ero

rOJIOC MeIK.uy

R.

na npenurecrayromea

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l:l

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C TeMI1 me

coxpanarcs,

MbI HH BBeJlH l:l3MeHefIJ.ui B cxeMY

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6b1

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lIP, '[0 l:l nposae MHHMhIe npenurecrnyrornae, COXpaH5!TCH B

C' HeR OTHOUJeHHl:l. 8Tl:lM npH COtIHHeHHl:l xaMHH-

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& ...'F~#'±3 .~...~

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lIP
C

RI,

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.. ~.~

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npaooperer

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qaCTH

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orrpene.nsrn-

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+ Rz

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= --

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3.necb MHHMblti rOJIOC Haq~JIbHOH rpynnu npaotipe,n Iv = - II BCJIen.CTBHHToro, qTO C 'HHM COBnaJI MHHMbJRro.noc rpyrmu BTOPHqHblX BCTYOJIeHl1tt. l1P:H OOn.06HOMCOBna.11.eHHH HHMoro M ronoca C MHHMhIM, Mbl 6y.ueM 3aRJI!OqaTb B CROOKHTOT H3 HHX, ROrOpbJR rrpaaannexorn rpynne BTOPHqHbJX BCTYOJIeHHM, RaR 3'1'0 BHn.HOHa naHHOM npHMepe. § 159. Korna B exeMe. naa ~MHHMhIX ronoca COBnaD.aIOT MeiRny cotioro, TO KaiR.ubIH aa HHx MOiReT ObJTb TeM rOJIOCOMI C ROTOpbtM nOJIiRHa BOHTli B COe.l1.HHeHHe-t'a, non. YCJIOBHeM, P qTO 3TO coenaueaae nOJIY~IH~'Tpe6yeMblti Iv. I103TOMY nepBoe MHHMoe coenaaeaae npaseneaaoa cxeau

J:lHOO H3 peansaux COe.llIiHeHHIt xaaoaa, T. e. coenaneaae ROHTpanYHRTHtrecKoe. Taxoe coenaaeane y.!I.06HO nOMecTHTh aa OD.HOR HOTHOH cTpoRe. P-t'e nerve npaaanarses K .uSyM ~oIlTpanyHRTHqeCRH CoenHlteHHbIM rOJIOeaM, qeM:KOHTpanYHRTHpoaars OTneJIbHO R KaiRnOMY Ii3 nnyx rOJIOCOB, MeiKny corioro He' CJIa}l{eHHblX. ECJIH >Ke 06a COBnaBmHe MHHMblX rOJIOca ynoBJIe1'BOp5lroTYRa3aHHOMY YCJIOBMlO, TO JIyqmeBbtt"ipaTb tOT H~ HHX, KOTOPhlti C o.11.HHM npoqm{ MHHMbIX oopa3yeT cOe.!I.I1HeH3 nae nonotiaoe TOMY peaJIbHOMY, xoropoe BKJIroqaeT B ceOH HHili.HHR rOJIOC KaHOHa. Taxae nna rOJIOCa 06pa::JyroT z-x-roJIOCHbtR ROHTpanyHKT H Pvt'e aer-re HM ROHTpanYHKtHpoBaTb, MeiRny HHMH He BCTpeTHTC5IHH HenpHrOTOBJIeHHORKBapTbI, HH nOCJIenOBaHH5InapaJIJIeJIbHbIX RBapT H T. n. Boaspamancs R TOJIbRO qTO npHBeneHHOMY npaaepy, Mbt BH.uHM,qTO H TOT H npyroa H3 COBnaBIlIHX Me):I(ny cocoro rOJIOCOB oopasyror C MHHMbtM,nenocpencraeaao npemuecrsyromax liP. t'e, coenaneaae, nonoriaoe cnaoxy H3 peansnux coenaaeaatt, a HMeHHO:

Htti¥]sie #~]
(~) (b)
I

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~~._.& ..,fL-d!.L F-:.-=~-_----:-----&jJ

+ +

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nsyx

sanoa

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IIv=-!1.

I
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It" '_

§ 160. Ec.na MbI npH)1.BHHeMliP ewe aa OJI.HHOTneJI R' R.,

"to OOJIyqHM cneztyiomyto cxeuy:

. Ilpa BbI60pe roro

I1JIH npyroro If3 coanasmax rOJIOeOB aano TOMY H3 HHX OT.QaTbrrpennonreane, HOTOPbIH C Ral<HM-JIHOO 113 .n:pyrHx MHHMbIXrOJIOeOBoopasyer COe.!.lHHeHHe nonoriaoe RaRoMY-

(T

168

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TorOI

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TpyJlHO aanacart.,

B aany

113 csaaanaoro

cnenyer:
KaHOH z-ro paspana HMeeT nsa

Iv =R2

10 H B oc06eHHOCTI1

3) ECJIlI 3-x-rOJIOCHhIit

Iv,

Iv=-8. §

lIP

KamnhlH pa3 HapaCCT05l-

TO 06a OHH onHHaROBhI. 4) ECJIH ranoaoa KaHOH HMeeT TpH CXOJJ:HhI, Tpendi: a paBHOM OT Kamnoit 3TH KaHOHaM 2-ro JIeHHblX cxeu. rOJlOCOM, ROTOPblit scrynaer B cepenane

IIv,

TO nsa

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HHe, paBHoe

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npHHaJJ:JIemHT coenHHeHHIO P-t'b1 H3 HHX pacCToHHHH. TOJIhKO K

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3-x-rOJIOCHblM COCTaB-

R~BOBce H36erHYTh 3THX cosnaneaajt, CTOHJlO TOJIi>ROnpHJlBHHyTb I,PK Ril na paCCTOflHHe.pasaoe ~aCTH OTnena HJIH me pasuoe OTneJIY C hp06bIO, RaR nanp.: ,

pa3pHna, MoryT CJIymHTh nJIH npOBepI\H

§ C

163.

ITPHBOLl.HMeme

HeCKOJlhKOnpHMepoB KaHOHa

z-ro

pasp5lna, HMelOlllero OJJ:HHM Iv

nOKa3aTeJIeIi.

= -14'

OTCIOJJ:a:

P -'. ~

~-.-_j_--

. _ () I
Rl ----e-

--,--no-.--r-----~,----~--_=l

R, .&

"P

-=r'

'I

ry

--

-:-:t

'-U

§
aapsny I)

162. 11TaK, MbI paccxorpexn

cxexu

3-x-rOJIOCHOrO 6ecITo OTHO-

KOHeqHOrO RaHOHa KaR Te, rne OTCYTCTBYIOT IIv, TaR H 're, rne C MHHMhIMHCOe.ll.HHeHHflMH 5JBJI5JIOTC5I IIv. H weHHIO K 3THM nOCJIe.ll.HHMcxeMaM aano saaerrrn, cnenyiouree: peaJIbHhIM

C Iv = rne crynena

16, aa Ty me TeMY, HO nepeCTaBJleHHYIOna .ll.PY-

Kaxutoe

nepsoaauam.aoe 6yneT xox.er

COe.ll.HHeHHe3-x~rOJIoqlOro-

KaHOHa 2-ro

pa3pfl.ll.a -

JIH 3TO coemmenae

HJIH MHHMhlM-He peaJIbHhlit HMeIOlllee

HMeTh 60JIee O.ll.HOrOIv.

2) ECJIH B 3-x-rOJlOCHou: KaHOHe 2-ro pa3p5l.ll.a ecr's rOJIOCHJIH MHHMhIit-

oripaayiourajt

C P·t'OIO

COe.ll.HHeHHe,

Iv,

TO aa TOM me paCCTOflHHH no BpeMeHH, aa KaKOM HaXO.ll.HTC5I BCTynJleHHe

:;nOT rOJlOC BCTynHJI OT P, BJIeBO OT"P rOJIOca (raroxe 'laM, xorna C P-t'OIO HMeeT TOT me

L.Senfl
(G. D. 297)

peaJIhHOrO HJIHMHlIMor,O), <foeJJ:HHeHHe xoroporo

Iv,

3TOMY He npOTHBOpeqHT TOT cnyTOJIhROO.ll.HOcoenaneane, I1MelOlllee

B KaHOHe ecrt,

Iv. Torna

rOJIOC, C ROTOPhIMCOenHH5IeTC5I npn naHHOM Iv P-t'a,

oTCTOHT aa paBHOM paCCTOflHHH OT pas nocpenane Mem.ll.Y P H

liP,

TO ecrr,

HaXO.ll.HTCflxax

.ll.ByM5IOJlHHaKOBhIMHnOKa3aTeJI5IMHIv = - II, COe.ll.HHeHHIO P-t'hI

H3 KOTO-

,,P.

phJX O.ll.HHnpaaannexcrr

C MHHMblMrOJlOCOM_

171

1-'13
r ~ri.
c' la' (+)

nocnenaero

ftpaaepa

HHme' CJ(eJIaHa RaHOHHlJeCKaH

cexsea-

IJ.HSI C P-t'OIO, e "P ("R)

rrepecraanaexoro' CJIe.l{YIOrn:Hit npasep

b' a'

aa

Kl3apTY
l

BHH3.

.----E..:C' __

lv=-H~

....
~ I

M176.

M179.
)

t
~

IV:-ll :

"
P.XX,HO

...

IOJ
"n.

1..1 I
I

~
:

:
vv

..
/I

1/

II
I

·i11"
1'..

IV

...~
LJ 1

/I

:
:
I

-.:r

....

Lilli 1

I
• II

-(p.

uit!
n

rr
~I

IJ

Tn
II

II

r[(-y

::i
::.!.

,__
R ...

~ - ::~

aanacaa
y

pasaepe
H3

5/2,

B CTporOM

nacsxe

HeynoTpeOHTeJIbHOM. BCTpeTHJIaCb

ECJIH OhI nOJ(OOHaH KaHOHHlJeCKaH RaRorO'JIHOO

¥MHTaUHH

npencaax ROMG03H:rOPOB, .TO OHa OhIJIa OhI yaeuieaa B pasaep 4/2 H B03Bparn:eHH51 P-t'j:,y npHXOJUiJIHCb OhI Ram.uhIit pa3 na npyrax lJaCTHX TaKTa;. CnYlJaH, rne J(JIHHa no, ;, sropmouieaca P -t hi He YMern:aeTCSI B .uenoe lJHCnO TaKTOB,
HepeJ(KH Y ROMn03HTopOB 3nOXH

crpororo
HB

nHC'bMa H

npaxepu
YRa-

TaRHX CJIYlJaeB npHBOJUITCH Y AMopoca'

(Geschichte

der Musik).

Ilonoriaue rne

CJlYQal1 BCTpeqalOTCH

noanaeauree
F-dur'HYIO

apexn.
<pyry

meM J(JI5I npHMepa B TaKTe H5IeTC5I HhIMH Toro .M178.

Ha <popTenHaHHYIO

feHJ(eJI5I,

4/4 noaeuieaa

cexseauas,

MOTHB I<oTOPOH paB-

5/4.
Ha 3TOM MbI nOKOHlJHM C oeCKOHelJHhIMH 3-x-roJIocROTOPhIX K P-t'a RaHoHaMH,

§ 164cryneasx
I II
..

aosspamaerca

aa

npe)HHHX

H rrepetrnex me paspana.

npaxepax

RaHOHHlJeCRHX ceKBeHu,HH

ijJL.
liT I

I
-

JJJJo
-~ I
:

~
PXI1l,U7.
.J

~~

..

Iv:-lI
-.-

..
I

rJIABA

XIV.

6eCKOHe'lHbli 3-x-ronOCHblH HaHOH 2-ro paspAAa co BTOPH'IHblMH BCTynneHHAMH Ha ,lIpyrl1x crjneuax (KaHOHH'IeCKali ceHBeHQl111 2-ro paapaaa).

§ 165.
ceaaeauaa

IlpHBeJ(eM a-ro pa3pH.ua.

npnaepu Hoene

3-x-rOJIOCHOH

KaHOHHlJeCROH

c.ueJIaHHbIX asnne pa3'51cHeHHH,

172
.npHMepbl 3TH, TaK me, KaK H HX cxeuu, 6Y,llYT BnOJIHe 5ICHbl .• Hanaex ceKBeHUHIO 6e3 Ilv, c OJJ.HHM MHHMbll\l coenanenaea, P-t'a KOTOPOM3aHMcTBOBaHa H3 npanepaJe 173·
;M18:? G Meyer
(0.D.373).

173

_ f:-_-:.t=--];

(--------------1
",=

~+ ....
p

OO*·-;;.-~-:.~~R~,~~~fl~~~~~~~-~· '~j~. --

[ITpHMep] C ,llBYM5I OJJ.HHaKOBblMH IIv. CJIeJJ.YlOlllHMnpaxep HMeeT o6a IIv = - 14. P-t'a ero 'ra me caxaa, 'ITO H B KaHOHe

.N2 25.

§ 166. ,D,aJ1bHeMUmenpaaepu [Ilpnaepu]

c O,llHHM Iv

HMeIOT [pasaoe 18..

'1HeJIo] IIv.

HaHOHeu, npaaenex

npaaepu

c TpeM5I IIv, H3 KOTOPPIXnsa

=-

IIv onaaaxoaue.
2

IIV=-II,

IV=--7.

P. X,60.

175174
2

IIV=-II,

IV=-9.

BH)J{l{hlM). OnWCH'reJIl>HO JJ.eJIeHHHoeCKOHelJHoro

.KaHOHa na

TaKOBO~ a COOCTBeHHOIll MhlCJIeH aa IlaHOHHlJecKYIOceKBeHUHIO C

M185.

!\":-11 Iv:-9

fi!ftK ,
...

..
t

(.,

-,
A

I
I••

OblJIO cxaaaao paaaee (§ 23)' ~HCJIOOTJJ.eJlOBoeCl\OHeqHoro

ft
I

KaHOHa r-ro

pa3pH.o;a paBHO (qHCJIO OT.I1eJIOI}

*-:tt.Q. ~
It

lJH,CJlYrOJIOCQBl<aHOHa (§ 24),

cnenosarem.ac

,.

!":-ll

P. X,59

It)
Ii ...

....
=-

':'1= ~

1111; J;t ... /II

4.-x-rO.JIOCHOrO .oecJ{oHelJHo:ro KaHOHa pasao] serupea. § 168. B3aHMHoe OTHoweHHe nepBOHaqaJIhHhlX H npQlfSBOUHhll' coenaueaatt [4'l'-rOJIOCHOrO 6eCK~HelJHOrO

I
I

f~rr

xaaoua]

BH.IlHO-

H3 CJIe.o;YIOl.UeU cxexu:
'HI

=Ii!J-1'-

')'1

~II

~
()(,

II 1-,

()("

It

R2

Ra

.BTopliqHoe 8THMH npaaepaan JIOCHOMY· 3aKOHlJHM OT.n.eJI3-x-rOJIOCHOrO 6ecKoK «aHoHY 6eCROHelJHoMY 4-x-roHeqHOrO KaHOHa H nepennea

scrynneaae

nOCJIeJJ.Hci1: KaHQUe R·t'hl B

eRa)

He BHJIlOlJeHOB cxexy,

TaJ{ KaJ{ npa ee BCTynJIeHHH see lJe:rhIpe npH BCTynJIeHlUl B .KaHOHH'IeCKOH, TOT HJIH npyroa B HaHOHe B C06CTBeHHOM CMhlCJIe 6eCI{o' npemHHX cryneasx,

rOJIOca HCnOJIHHIOTTO, lJTO Y)J{e 6hIJIO paHee,

Rs.

8TO nosropeaae

HelJHOM npOHCXOJJ,HTna

me ceKBeHUHH HBJIHeTC5I epeCTaBJIeHHhlM na n

II, 4-X-rOJIOGH1Itt OEGROHE~Hhln RaHOH,

rnA BA xv.
6eCHOHe'lKbIH 4-x-rOJlOCHbIM HaHOH

HHTepBaJI naepx HJIH BHH3. § 169. 'llHCJIO nepBOHalJaJIhHblX lll1CJIY

coeJJ,ImeHHH paBHHeTcH,

RR·t «aHOHa (§ 23), CJIeJJ,oBaTeJIbHO, snecs paBHO TpeM (P + Rl, P + RI, P + Rs). TOMY me 'IHCJIy P<l.BHOH KQJIHlJeCTso npOH3BoJJ,HhlXCOe.l1HHeHHH KaJl(J1.0ronepnonaaansnoro, pa3YMeBaSI, lJTO nexoropue HhlxcoenuHeHHH Maximum H3 nOCJIeJJ,HHx xoryr HMeTh TIpH OTCYTCT13HH noxasarenea non-

t-re

pa3pilAa

C P-t'aMH,

nOBTO-

PRIO~HMHCR aa TaX IKe cTyneHRx.

Iv =

0.

§ 167. Hasam.aue
roo RaHOHa CYTh:

BCTynJIeHHH 4-x·rOJIOCHOrO '6eCKOHelJHOBTOpHqHhle BCTynJIeHHH:

paBHhIx HyJIIO qHCJIO npoasaon-

PI, RI, R2, Rs;

P,

KaJlUJ,oro nepBOHalJaJIhHOrO TaRme paBHO TpeM~ raxoro KaHOHa paBHSIeTcH" CJIe)lOBaTeJIhHO,

"RI, "R.

"R3. Hapasne

C npOqHMH, RaHOHhl 3TH .ll.eJIHTCH '~a nee JIH paCCT05IHH5I e)J{M

IIv

9,

CqHTa51 B TOM lJHCJIe H nOKa3aTeJIeH Memny C060l0 paaaux . 'llHCJIO nORa3aTeJIei1:B JJ,eitcTBHTeJIbHOCTH coxpamaercs, BblX, npa ao-nep-

nsa paspana, npaaeaeane HOH a-ro

B 3aBHCHMOCTHOT roro,

Jl.y BCTynJIeHHHMH no BpeMeHH OJJ,HHaIWBbl (KaHOH r-ro pa3pHJJ,aKOHTpanYHKTa BepTHRaJIbHO-nO.ll.BHmHoro) UJlH me H3 HHX pa3JIHlJHbl Mem.ll.Y C06010 (HaKOHTpanYHKTa ropH30HTaJIbHO· see OHH HJIH aexoropue

Iv = 0,

BO-BTOPhlX, npH paBeHcTBe

OTHOC5ImI1XC5I O.ll.HOMY TOMY me K H

nonasarenea, nepuonaaansnoay.

paapana-c npaaeaeaae

nO)lBHJI{HOrO-O.ll.HOrO HJIH B COe.ll.HHeHHHC BepTHKaJIhHO-nOn-

§ 170• Bsrmenpaaeneaaas cxexa HarJIH.ll.HO yxaasmaer ROJ1lflJeCTBO nepBOHaqaJIbHhlX H npoH3Bo.uHhlX coeJJ,HHeHHH HX li

B3aHMHYIO 3aBHCHMOCTb, T eM He MeHee, B BH.Il.YCJIO)l(HOCTHH rpoM03.Il.KOCTH, 3aTpY.Il.HHIOll1,HX COCTaBJIeHHe Tal{OH JIyeT

177
Tal{HM

cxexsr,

eH CJIeB

oripaaox

MbI nOJIy'lHM

nepsyio

rpynny

YCJIOBHH:

npennosecrt, cxexy,
R

COCTaBJIeHHYIO npyrax,

Yl{a3aHHhIM

§ IIS-My cnOCOOOM. Cnocori ::nOT, xax H3BeCTHO, <:OCTOHT B TOM, ~TO nasam.aue HHTepBaJIhI BCTYnJleHIUf OTMepHBaIOTCSIBneBO H B oriparaoa HanpaBJIeHHH npexme acero OT MOMeHTOB BCTynJIeHHH RamJlhlH Jf3 Hal.)aJIbHhIX RR-t H no OTMe~eHHblM CTyneHSlM OTbICl{HBaIOTCSIIlv, xax nsuue OblJIO YRa3aHO. 3THM nYTeM MbI nonysaea rpynny YCJIOBHH, O.IlHHaROBOrpeoyeaux xax
npaaesanaa
KOHelfHhlM l{aHOHOM C TeMH me BCTynJIeHHSlMH, HbIM. HymHo

(P _,_RI) IIv = 3,-6.

(P+R2)

Iv=-6.
rpyrmu

Tenepb

R 3TI1M YCJIOBHHM 6YJleM nOCTeneHHO npHOaBJISlTb npOHCXO.IlHT OT BToPOil: BCTYnJleHHH. CHaO.TJIOmeHHble OT

.mn, xoropue

~aJIa JlOOaBHM HHTepBaJIbI,

rax

H 6eCl{OHe~YCJIOBHH p
p

"

Ho

.IlJISI nOCJIe.IlHerO R 3TOH HalfaJIbHOH

rpynne

npHCOe.IlHHHTb .IlpyrYIO-YCJIOBHH,

nOJIy~aIOll1,HXCSI OT

'ra-

xoro yace IIv,

me OTMepHBaHHSI Hal.)aJIbHhlX HHTepBaJIOB BCTynJIeHHSl, HO OT MOMeHTa

xaacnoro
OT

BTOpHI.)HOrO BCTynJIeHH5I, RpOMe BCTy-

{lJIeHHSl nOCJIe.Il.HeH .nOBTopeHHoH

R-t'hI

eRa),

T. e. OT "P, IIRI H

I,R.~
1\ HHM npHCOeJlHHHM HHTepBaJIhl,

noxyseaaae

OTKJIa.Il.bIBaHHH

aanansuux

HHTepBaJIOB

OTJIOmeHHhle OT "RI

BCTynJIeHliSl uOBTopeHHhlx TeJIbHO

BJIeBO OT

MOMeHTOB BCTynJIeHHSl

ynoxaayrux
HCRJIIO~HIi

rOJIOCOB, npeJlCTaBJHIIOT YCJIOBHSJ,yme

npaaanneacaurae l{aHOHY 6eCl{OHet1l:IOMY H BMeCTe C Ha~aJIbHOH rpyrmoa YCJIOBHH 3al{JIIO~aIOll1,He B eerie BCIO COBOaynaocrr, npaBHJI .IlaHHOrO 6eCROHel.)HOrO I<aHOHa (H KaHOHHtIe{:l{OH Cel{BeHUHH).

"RI

..
R-t'bl

§ 171.
l<aHOHa

CO~TaBHM 3THM cnOCOOOM, Hanp., R2

cxesry
'IR2

CJIe.Il.YIOll1,erO

H, HaROReu, HHTepBaJIbl', OTJIOmeHHble OT (OT

npennocnenaen

"R2)

Rl
II

--_-tL
71----.x

R3

"R1
Ii

==n::

"
noxa no nOBO.ll.Y nepson HOThI, [.], OTJIOmeHHOH BJIeBO OT
II

Caasana
see

BhlBeneM rpynny

npaBHJI, OOllU1X C KOHeqHblM KaHOHOM,

HMeIOUlHM Te me BCTynJIeHHSl• .L(JIH 3TOH:ueJIH oraanuaaea

nropnsaste

BCTynJIeHHH H OTMepSleM HaqaJIbHble

HHTepBaJIbI

OT Rt,

a 3aTeM OT

R3

(OT Kam.Il.OrO BCTynJIeHHH OTKJIaJlblBaeTCH HHTepBaJIOB BCTYfIJIeHHH, CKOJIbROnepen

3aRJIIO'leHHOH: B CK06KH ssraaer CJIymHTb 6blTb H 1.1 X aa

3aMeTHM, I.)TO1) H nyxcaa

R2

HOTa 9Ta He yxa'ITOObl

CTOJIbRO me aasansaux TeM OhlJIO acrynasnrax

RR-t).

KaROH:- JIHOO

Iv

TOJIbRO .IlJISJroro,

cryrreasio

K JlaJIbHeH:WHM oTMepHBaeMbIM CJIe.IlyeT HMen B BH.Ily,

aasam.asnr

I1HTepBaJIaM.

Bootitne

'ITO

IIv

MoryT

TOJIbKO Y COe)lHHeHI1H P-t'bl

CO BCTynJleHHSlMH H a q a JI b-

RR-t,
C

a He nOBTopeHHbIX,

H eCJII1 OTJIOmeHHaH HOTa rrpn-

1)

TeMIf TQ'lKaMIf. xoropue

cneJ(YIOT aa

"P

anpaso

He HYlKHO C'lIfTaTbCIi 1I0BTOP"IOT c06010 re

Hlf UpH KaKOM KOnH'leCTBe ronOCDB B K3HOHe, T. K. OHH

OTHOWeHIfIl, KaKlfe 6bJnM Y COOTBeTCTBYlOlUlfXlialJaJIbHblX BCTynJleHHH.

12

178
XOLlHTCfl HH51X, TO aa

liP

179
MJIM CJIell.YIOIIl,HX aa nero nasaxoro BTOPHqHhlX BCTyrrJIeMbI MMeeM

OHa He 0003HaqaeT

Iv. Teneps
HaHOHa

§
HOHe

173· r-ro

Hsnaraa
paapsna,

ynenne MhI

0 3-x-rOJIOCHOM ira TO,

6eCIWHeqHOM

Ra-

YRa3bIBaJIM

qTO, XOTH qMCJIO RaHOHa He MomeT

nOJIHbIH CBOll. YCJIOBHH lI.JI5I oeCIWHeqHOrO Bell.eHHhIMH BCTynJleHH51MM (0 cxexe

C BhlIllenpM-

nepBOHa'1aJIhHbIX ObITb yxeasuieao,

COell.l1HeHIIH 6eCROHeqHOrO

TOM RaR OThICRHBaIOTC5I no TaROH BOT STOT CBOll. YCJIOBHM:

IIv

HO 3aTO MOlliHO CORpaTMTh qMCJIO npOM3BOll.-

OhIJIO YKa3aHO ssnue). p Iv: 8,- 6,-13.~ Iv:-8ft8,-22. IV:O-?i·18j18.

L...

HbIX COell.MHeHMM, a CJIell.OBaTeJIbHO M qMCJIO IIv, B3HB nexcropue M3

"

I'
-J
~

-e-

Rs

I1v

paBHhlMH

HYJIlO. I{amll.bIH

Iv

=0

HBJI5IeTCH pe3YJIbTaTOM OCHOrJIaBHOro xa-

.. P H ••

CXOll.HbIX no BeJIMqMHe M HanpaBJIeHHIO MHTepBaJIOB BCTynJIeHH5I--

:L.-_--,.__

nrrrepnana
BblBa5ICh MaTepMaJIa HOHe r-ro

nepBOHa'1aJIbHOrO aa STOM, Mb!

M MHTepBaJIa npoaaaonnoro. B xasecrae

peROMeHlI.OBaJIH

lI.JIH

ynpaaoreiran
opaTh

B 3-x-rOJIOCHOM HaqaJIhHhre

6eCROHeqH0ll1

paspnna

BCTynJJeHH5I nee

B Oll.HOM lI.pyr

B STOM npHMepe

OTCyTCTBYIDT

IIv

IIv,
no

= 0,

HanpaBJIeHMM a 'raxzce H pasuue

I1i

M OTCTaIDIUMe Ha O,llMH M TOT me npaexoa

MHTepBaJI

OT npyra.

8TIIM

_MbI1I.0BOll.HJIH qHCJIO Ilv 1I.0MHHMlI1yMa,nepaonauaasnoro COell.I1He-

ROTopble

ObI

OTHOCMJIHCh R B ce6e

Oll.HOMY nepBOHaqaJIhHOMY,

nOTOMY

OH 3aRJIIOQaeT

maximum

a MMeHHO 1I.0 Oll.HOrO

Iv ,llJISIxaarnoro

npOH3BOll.HblX,

T. e.

HM51 npM TOM Oll.MHaIWBoH BeJIM'1MHbI,llJI5I scex nepsoaasam.aux. M

TpM aa

Rall(lf.Oe H3 Tpex

nepBOHaqaJIhHbIX,

COOTBeTCTBeHHO

§
npaea 'roro

174· )I(e

Teneps
r-ro

nocxcrpaa
I{

HaRHe

pesyar.raru 6eCIWHetJHhIM qTO npa

lI.aCT STOT RaHOHaM CXO,llCTBe

qHCJIY HaQaJIbHblX RR-tRaHoHa.

Bee §
r-ro

B npHlI1eHeHI1H

4-x-rOJIOCHbIM HaM

CRa3aHHoe

OTHOCHTCfl onanaxoao

H R RaHOHHqeCKHM

paspsna,

H3BecTHo,

ceRBeHll,H51M. 172. H3 paCCMOTpeHHOH cxeuu 4-x-rOJIOCHOrO BMlI.HO, HaCROJIhRO BeJIHRH oeCKOHeQHOrO B3aHMHoro H KaHOHa OTHO-

B BeJIHqHHe H HanpaBJIeHHH BeJIMqMHa sroro -qaJIbHoMY

aasansnux

HHTepBaJIOB BCTymleHHH Ramll.OMY nepsona-

Iv,

ROTOPblM OTHOCHTCH R

TPYll.HOCTH paspana. IlleHH51

COqHHeHH5I TIo

COell.MHeHI:llO, paBH51eTCSI lI.JIH 4~x-rOJIOCHOrO RaHOHa noll. III nonpasyaeaaerca c06010 nauansaux nopsnox 'ITO Be.JIJ1qMHaRamll.OBCTynJIeRaHOHa BCTynJIeHHH

CJIOmHOCTH, H 3arrYTaHHocTH OaHJIHIO STOT KaHOHa. nepBOHaqaJIhHhIX npeBOCXO~H'r XOTfl see

Iv = ro HHH.

4 Ill, npnsea Me)f{,lly

rOJIOCOB,

npOH3BOll.HblX

H3 paaaux MhI

HHTepBaJIOB

COell.HHeHHH,

HaHOH

paccxo'rpenaue

BMlI.eJIM TaRme,

HaMH 1I.0ceJIe BHlI.bI 311.eChnpMeMallH, pa3'51CHHTh eerie

Mbl, nOJIb3Y5ICh YKa3aHHblM'H

MO)HHO H3MeHHTh C JII06oro nepaux H3 6e3

TaRMM otipaaou, npasea csoero

qTO OH MomeT

ObITh naxa'r

H HMeeM nOJIHYIO B03MOlliHOCTb reoperanecna B Kamll.OM OTlI.eJIhHOM CJIY'la~ COOTHOIlleHll5J

ncrynneaan,

OCTa.1JbHble rrOCJIell.YIOT 3a

H3MeHemUl

nOp5IlI.Ra, RaH nanp.:

rOJIOCOR M pa300paThC5I

B CJIOmHbIX YCJIOBH51X,KOTOPblM KaHOH aanacars KaHOH, Yll.OBJIeTBOp5lIDIlll1H sarpynnpenoBpeMeHI1 npa

u ....

nOll.qMH51eTC5I,TO Bce-TaKH acex

lin-:

Ii

II

,•

.:'

STHM YCJIOBH5IM, MomeT a anorna II

OKa3aThC5I

Qpe3BblqaMHO BamHO rparu

.;;=u=n=

..

II

hI) ~ t/

HllTeJIbHblM, xpaaars Hall.

BOBce 'HeB03MomHblM.

YQaIllerOC51

OT HenpOH3BOll.HTeJIhHOM QaCTO aepaapeuraxux HaHMeHbIllMMH B

3TOM P-t'OIO

MonieT

CJIY,HMTb JIIOOOH ll3 STMX rOJIOCOB. TI pn

paspemeaaex ROTopbIe

aanax,

H B·bllI.eJIHTh 're TpYlI.HOCT51MI1, Mor cocpencro-

nOll.OOHOM H3MeHeHll11 RaHOH COXpaH5IeT see TOT me ROTOPhlH R-t'hIC OTHOCllTC51 scerna M3 nasansnux K Kamll.OMY 113 rpex RR-t H Ha acerna

Iv = -

4 Ill.

CJIYQaH, QTOObI na QHTb

OOCTaBJIeHbI MhI

coenaaesaa
npennonarae'r cpopMyJIbr

STHX CJIYQa5IX OH npellMYIlleCTBeHHO BHllMaH11e. BhI6HpaeM

KaJimoID

csoe

I<aQeCTBe npHMepOB

nepecTaHoBIiY

npoTM~OnOJIOil(HylO.

OCHOBaHHH

TaK11e CJIYQall O~CKOHeQHOrO KaH'OHa (H RaHOHMQeCKOH cexsea-

Iv = -

4 III

MbI nOJIYLJaeM CJIell.YIDIllMH nepevem,

nOKa3aTeJIeH::

fum),

COQMHeHMe ROTOPhIX

He

npell.CTaBJI51eT nenpeononauux CJIymMTb lI.JI51 caxo-

Ilpa
"

III =0 III

Iv
I

e- o

TPYll.HOCTeH H cxeMbI

STHX KaHOHOB xor-yr

CT051TeJIbHblX paOOT YQaIII,erOC5I,

IV=-4

(lI.BOHHOH nyHKT

ROHTpa-

HBMHTbI)

12*

180

18t

Ilpn

m=2 m=3 m=4

Iv=-:-8

" " " "

113
---70, npll KOTOPblX

Iv

eCJlH ObI B35lJlM m 12 16 (IlBOHHOH nYHKT KOHTpa.!I,eUHMbl) ObI neno 'lTO

= 8.

DpH

8,

Iv = -

32,

T. e. Ho

Mbl

HMeJIM

=-

C LlBOHHblM KOHTpanYHKTOM He nepexons

LlYOLleU~MbI.

Ol{eBMLlHO,

Iv = -

aenssa,

LlonYCTHMbIe

JJ.Jl5l OJlOCOB npenema, r

HanMcaTb

KaHOH co

"

m=5 m=6 m=7

IV=-20 IV=-24

Iv

28 (IlBOHHOH nYHHT

KOHTpa-

oxraasr).
BCTyrrJleHHH H

TaOJlMUbl Mbl BHLlHM, lITO eCJlH He Cl{HTaTb OTCYTCTByeT CJlOiI<HbIH

en
B caxa Iv = TPYLlHblH He

BCTynneHH5lMM:

c.
o

KOHTpanYHI<.T,

§
uoro

175.

113

cxaaauaoro

OQeBMnHO, no HaROH CTeneHM cxynnu paccaorpennux IJlaBHa5I BMJlOM 4-x-roJloc'lTO HaH~ MH-

BCTyrrJleHllH ORTaBbl

(Iv

=-

B ---7 7, XOT5J H TpeoylOuu1X 28), rpa. HO aenparonatax Me)I{ny

IlBoHHoro

KOHTparrYHKTa OOJlbUlOrO

peccypcu,

npencraanueaue KaHOHa.

BCJlenCTBHe KpaHHHMM

oeCIWHel{HOrO

TOMY npaaana,

paCCT05JHH5JHac

OKTaBbl -

rOJlOCaMM, y cpasaa-

OOJIee YLl06Hble

JlJl5I 3-x·rOJlOCHOrO no

KaHOHa pacnpenenenas

OCTaHYTC5l CJlen:YIOIUMe MeHee 4:>H m TpynHblX

BCTynJleHl15I, IIv, a HMeHHO Iv TO

TpeOYIOlIl,He m= 16 I, (T.

TepBaJIOB-OLll-lHaKOBble JlblIIv, npaaonsr aoropue

BeJlMQHHe H HanpaBJI~HMIO oeCKOHe'lHOM RaHOHe

MHTepBaI(

TeJlbHO

Iv

= 4, rpecyiomee

=-

TpeOYlOmee e. LlBOHHOii

4-x-rOJlOCHOM no eerie

TaKHM

HeYJlOOHbl H rpynau. cxasaaaoe.

CJlenYlOllIHH RaHOHe

HOHTparryHKT qTO HO ori'ex, B

neuauu).

KaCaeTC5I

Iv = TaKoH ori'exa.

npaaep 4 >-, XOT5l 3TO He TpynHblH ronoca P-t'y

MO)I{eT nozrrsepnart.

B 4-x·rOJlOCHOM
B npHMeHeHHH

Iv,

npa

= 2,

8,

T. e. rpeoyercs nBoflHoii M3 scex

OJlHOBpeMO-

HOTOPOM

,UO]J)I{HbI npamart.ca l(aHOH nonycnaer

CJlllLUKOM pa3Be caao-

MeHHO K rpeu }I(eT caMblH

RR-t'aM

ROHTpanyHI\T cYllIecTBYIOIlIIlX.

HOHbI, OblTb fIPM

MaJl (4:>-)

H nOToMY

3TMX YCJlo, MOiKHO tITO HaM RaHOH C 2).

TO He3HaQHTeJlbHoro Im)I{e.

Ilonoonun

RaHOH oyner

npasenes

BM5JX aanaca'rs CQHTaTb

4-x-rOJlOCHbIH

KaHOH 'B cTporoM

nacsue ce6e,

aanasero

HeHCnOJlHHMOIO' 4-x'rOJlOCHbIH,

Flpencraana
a

Taxaa
:B RBllHTy Ho -

oripaaoa

OCTaeTCH e.n.llHCTBeHHO

m = 4, Iv

= -- 16.

nocrynasnr

KaHOH

aano

aanacars

7-MM-rOJlOCHbIH B TepUMM (m =

TeMH jlie nHUlYII1I1XC5I JlOCb

Hal{aJJbHblMH npH

BCTynJleHMHMM

Kasa-

3TOT RaHOH HeJlb35J npHGHCJlHTb I( pa3p5IJly JlBM/KeHHH

Obi

HeB03MOif(HOCTH npa ObIJIa ITPM -7, Tex 6bI cean

nanacari,

KaHOH 4-x-rOJlOCHbIii

.JJerKO, TaR RaK OTCYTCTBHe npH-MOrO

M

Me)I{LlY

Pvt'oto
3TO

norrsrrxa JlOCHblH

aanacars JlOJliKHa

}I(e BCTynJleHM5JX KaHOH 7-MH-roCl{MTaTbCH ronocax 14, Oe3paCCYJlHOIO. Me)I{JlY KaHOH sa

Hail\,UbIH MJlH

H3

RR-t

ecrs

YCJlOBMe HaCTOJlbRO CTeCHMTeJlbHOe, ronoca naY3aMH (RaR

~TO

nJ1Hxon:MTCH

npepsraa'rt,

TeM, 3TO He TaK. nOJl}l(eH acero HMeTb

paCCMaTpl1BaeMbJH T. e. OH rpeoyer neruajitnero

<CLleJIaHO B npHBonHMOM HJIM iKe BBecTM

HH)I{e RaHOHe C 3TMMH BCTynJleHH5lMH)nocaenoaaaas, noropue MoryT LlypHO 4-x-ro-

Iv =

m=-

scero

cxpsrrue

]lBOHHOro

KOHTpanYHKTa

OKTaBbl -

M3 scex

~T03BaTbCH

Ha rOJIOCOBeLleHHH. 'I.TO LlJIH paccaarpaaaexoro RaHOHa (C Tenepb sana

cymecrsyiomax. ImHOH

Mane

Toro.

ECJJM ObI Mbl nO)I{eJJaJlH aanacari, sanasa nama He OblJla ObI

3aMeTHM,

8'MI1-rOJlOCHbIH,

TO M rorzra

.JJOCHoro 6eCROHeqHOrO Tex )I{e cryneaax) aanaca'rs

P -t' 010,
BOBce

B03BPalIl,aJOlIl,eJOC5I aa OTCYTCTBylOllIeJO B03-

HeMCnOJlHMMOIO, a MMeHHO-HaM IWHTpanyHKT neUI1MbI Iv

HaLlO c-nrrars KaHOH npH

1\iOiKHOCTb

Iv

= -:--I, I

=-

nOHa)lOOMJlCH ObI JIMUlb nBOHHOii

8,

m=-

16. HaHoHY r-ro ero

T. e. B JlBoHHOM OJlarOLlapfl np5IMOrO

B03BpallIaHCb paspnna, 3aMeTI1M,

K 4-x-roJloCHoMY 'lTO

oeCKOHel{HOMY

!KOHTpanyHRTe ~6HJllllO

LlYOLleUHMbl,

HaHOOJlee H

nparonaox, nPHCYTCTBHIO

TPY.!l.HOCTI1, C KaKMMH COnpH}I(eHO

YCTOHl{HBbIX

KOHCOHaHCOB

COl{FIHeH.\l.e, nOJJ}I(HbI OblJIM HMeTb crao neynannux nonsrrox ero

CBOMM nOCJleJlCTBMeM MHO}l(e3TOMY CO'lM•

jlBH)I{eHM5I, MbI rorna

LlJHJBC5IROrO pOLla ROHTpanYHKTMl{eCKHX 6bI TOJIbKO nOJIYQHJlH 3TOT LlBOHHoii

ROM6MHaUMH. ROHTpanyHKT,

COQMHeHM51. HeCOMHeHHO TO, tITO Y TeopeTMROB,

06C"r05l·Te.J1bCTBY aano

npMnl1CaTb

182
HHBlllHX KaHOHbI BO MHOlKeCTBe, pa3p5lna. K npaxepaa K acxonaon cJIytIau: Ho, aaii oeCKOHetIHOrO CTyneHH. nonoriaoro KaHOHa C H BCTpe1JaeTCH TaK MaJIO oeCHOBMnHo, tITO Me)l(ny ;rOTOBJIeHHYlO P He1JHbIX KaHOHOB 2-ro

xsapry

+ Ri
(a),

183
csorionao MO)l(HO noxemars napa HenpHrOJIOCOB B 3Ty K eCJIH TOJIbKO npyras HH)l(HHH rOJIOC, TOJIbKO RBapTa nepsoa

§ 1]6. Ilepexonax P-t'oio, aoanpamaiourerocs

same npyrHx CTaBJl5IeT KaHOH C060!0 HaHOH rpeoyer

.3TO BpeMH 3aKJIlO1JaeT B eerie xsapry

oripamaiomaa
3Ta nepeaner napbI

JIer1JanlllHH

BCTpelJalOml1HC5I B

RaHOHa npen-

Ri
(C)

+R2,

KOHCOHaHC.

KaK

TO HM)l(HMH rOJIOC OKa)I{eTCH y npexnree pacnoaoacenae npl1Mepe

rOJIOCOB

npMMy. npaxeue a

KaK HaM 3TO M3BeCTHO, xaxoro ObI TO HM OblJlO npasona'n,

M nOBTopMTCH

I1HTepBaJIOB. 113·TIaJIeCTpl1HbI

3TOT He

§ 178. B

CJIenYlOmeM

TaK)I{e

CJIO)l(HOrO

ROHTpanYHI<Ta, npMMepOB

nOTOMY

MbI He oyneM

4-x-rOJIOCHbIX

aroro

KaHOHa.

HeM nOCTaT01JHO 6blJlO xaaoua, OOpa311.bI

Iv:-14
,

CHa3aHO B OTneJIe 3·x-rOJIOCHOrO me aroro IllHX

oecI{OHetIHOrO

J.

r·--------.
•

KaHOHa BO MHOjf{eCTBe MO)l(HO BCTpeTMTb B

cyuiecrayioM187 2·
TpynnocTM OObIK-

Y1JeOHImax.

.. haS"L; l..._! ....

I

§ 177.
npeJlCTaBJI5IeT

CJIenylOWYlO

CTyrreHb

OTHOllleHHH

J ,j

KaHOH B nBOHHOM KOHTl-JanYHHTe

OKTaBbI.

HOBeHHO B nOJlOOHOM RaHOHe BCTYITJleHM5I B OKTaBY CH co BCTynJIeHH5IMH 3TOMY B npMMy KaHOHY (C1JI1Ta51OT

1Jepe.n:YlOT1Jepe-

P;XIf,71>.

lID

Pvt'sr).

Taxoe
B0

.n:OBaHMe naer rne ace

npel1MYlUeCTBO

nepen

RaHOHOM, M B

..,
aenpaaam.aocri, nepIKaHHOH

---r

.J-----J
I

Iv)

JJJ

I"

rJ
I

Rot

I· :

JJ
1 :

J~ ~
I

rr
I

BCTynJIeHHH

B o.

LIepenYIOIIIHeC5I

BCTynJleHMH

n03BOJI5IlOT npHHHTb

Y1JaCTHe B KaHOHe rOJIOCaM cxeuranmaa, BCTynJIeHH51X -70 rOJIOCOB. 5lBJI51eTC5IHeYJlOOBpeM51 nOJlOOHOe naxax C

tITO npM

MCKJllOtIHTeJIbHblX

______.,
HerrpHrorOBJIeHHOH HOTOlO B oaCOBOM ronoce. npaxep 6eCROHe1JHOrO

.
,

---RF

r· r t

HblM B OTnOllleHMM QepeJlOBaHI1e carr,

ori'exa

TO IKe

BCTyrrJIel-IMH OCBOOO)I(}laeT npI1

OT Heo6xoJlHMOCTI1

xsaprsr

--- ----COBpeMeHHOH npeJlCTaBJI5IeT B oacy, ecrs yncrpetineaae

iI

YHH1JTO)I{aeTC51 BbIMY3bIKe

Pvt'y

K Ha)l()1.0MY M3 rOJIOCOB na Ha

Iv

= -7,

TaH

rOJlOCaMM, BCTynaIOWHMI1 B npocrou KOHTparrYHHTe.

O.n:HOHC Heu: BbICOTe, P uaxanaerca npIlBO]lHMOM npaxepe

npexpacaun
(raroae aa "PYCJIaHe": aaxeraa, -cnocoo,.

KaHOHa

B OKTaBY 11 npI1MY KaHOH B

N2 186:

BbI.D.ep)l(aHHOH HOTe B oacy) "KaKoe 1JTO xposie nynaoe tIeM MrHOBeHbe". OCTaBHTb

§ 179. Ilpexme

KaHOH B npaxy HorbI

11 oKTaBY, erne He-

Ri ..

=.k'U""'-=.k'U

.. ..
o

lIP

"B1
Ii

Bblnep)l(aHHou:

n03BOJI51lOlUI1H xaaprtr

oeCnpen51TCT~eHHoe

npMrOTOBJIeHHOH JlBOHHOro

' H KBHHTbl· H CBO)1.51mMH OrpanH1JenM5I OKraBbI JIMlllb R Tpe6oBaHMlO M30eraTb Cnoco6

KOHTpanYHRTa RBapT

napannensnsrx P. 111,183.

M HOHbI, JlI1CCOHMpYlOmeH BBepxy. RaHOH aa

.3TOT 3aKJII01JaerCH meMCH apexeaa oace,

B TOM, IJTOOhl nacarr, BeJIMtIHHe OT]leJIa,

nOBTopHIO-

paBHOM

T. e. paCCr05lHI11O no 3TOT nanrercs

MeIKny

COCe]lHMMH BCTynJIeHHHMM. KaHoH

coaepureaao
tITO xaxcnas

TaK)I{e, KaH' H KaHOH B 0, CTpOKa P-t'bI

C TOlO TOJIbKO paaaauero, cpa3y H K nanarOJIOcy. xpxay

ROHTpanyHKTHpyeT eH CTpOKaM MK

caanua
TaKoH

npe.iJ.llIeCTBYIOmHM naHOH (eCJIH

oaCOBOMY JlByX RBapT TaK M B

KaK CKa3aHO

M30eraTb

'M HOHbI) MOIKeT

HMeTb

BCTYnJIeHMH KaR B 0,

7.

§
(§
174).

180.

Ilepexonnu
H nepaua

RaHoHY 'ITO 06

npyrae,
9TOM m

oOJIee

TpY.!l.Hhle

181.

9TOM RaHOHe

COe.!l.HHeHHe P npH

R nonycxaer

oseas

HHTepBaJIbl Ha

npHnOMHHM,

OhlJIO Y)J(e Cl<a3aHO I,

CJIYlJaH MbI oepeM

==

Iv

=.-

60JIbiliOe

ROJIHqeCTBO

nepecTaHoBoR

BceB03MO)J(HbIX

IIv,

aa

4.

HCIOl1OqeHHeM R-t'bI cBepxy, CHH3y.

nepecTaHoBHH, nepecTaHoBRH, BOT

.!I.a1OIUeii ~ B MOMeHT

BCTynJIem151

.!I.a1OIUeH I B MOMeHT BCTynJIeHHH COe.!l.FlHeHH5I:

.M188.
1)' 2)

R-t'bI

3TH pasnootipaaaue
UPOH3BOA:RhlC

27

c-+
C(lC1!;HReHHe.

Iia ...

Ilia"
ilia
t

-.

(!OCjJ;HHCHIUI.

,..-.,

.. :

iJr"plJl lIf)Jfr!,lle
o II

I v:1.

"¥2W~=gj
I v~2.

II

• II

IrpF!Jptfj
_j

I v:4.

It)

~~n

4) lit) "

Ilia

.Ar--:p?

n-

"II

,.-

,.-._

:
II

-.c:
t

r-..

,.-._

I~

r-

1101 "

.c:
: :
I.

:
II II

Enaronaps
IUeHHH, a raioae H YCTpaHH10IUeR rrpoasaonaue, P-t'01O

9TOH nayse,

B03MO)l(HOCTH 3aHHMa1OIUeH

MHOrOqFlCJleHHbIX

nepeaeOT.!I.eJIa

COe.!l.HHeHHe P

nporascenae
a,

ue.noro

R2,

CJIe.!l.OBaTeJIbHO, Hero 3T01O )I,e pa3Ho06pa3HblMH

51BJI51eTC51 03MO)J(HblM B

BOCnOJIb30BaTbC5I

6)
lit)
"II

..,.r-;,
:

I.n- P.fi ~
:
/"

.-

IA
.....

. .

8} IIU
II

.0. ~

....

.!I.JI51 oeCHOHeqHbIX

RaHOHOB C secsxa npnxepe

BCTynJIeHH51MH,
no

RaR [9TO BH.!I.HO na

N2

188]. RaHoHoB, Hanp.,

iA
..P

Bunenex
.!I.JlH 4-ro.

IIv

.!I.JI51 ROToporo 'ITO

JIHOO H3 3THX

II

II

+ R3' HeT
nepBblM

3aMeTHM,

.!I.JI51 nepBOHalJaJIbHOrO

COe.!l.HHeHH5f YCTpaH511O-

Ha.!l.06HOCTH

ynaauaars

Iv,

BBH.!I.y nayau,

:
.11

IUeR 9TO.COe.!l.HHeHHe.

B RaHOHax

MHOrOrOJIOCHblX, scero

eCJIH BhlBO.n.HTb· ynotiaee C.!I.e-

. .

III
OrpaHHQHBaeTC51 TpeM51 HOTaMH MeJIO.!l.HlJecRY1O, B 3-eM raxre

IIv

H3 YRa3aHHblX

3.!1.eCh cnocotios,

JIaTb 9TO .!I.JI51 xaacnoro crpoxe, a HMeHHO:

nepBOHa'IaJIbHOrO

aa oT.n.eJIbHOH HOTHOR

9TOM npHMepe Ha9Ty

MeJIO.!l.H51P-t'bI Hec.nOiI{HOCTh R nayse, raaoe

HeCMOTp5t npHIIIJIOCh HhlM poe

npaber-ayrs

ElLr!~~t o~Rs§u~.;r~1 ~ e
fI

...-a1

Iv:-4.+8:-i.
!V:-4-tt=-f5.

TaR RaR ORa3aJIOCh HeB03MO)l(-

nonucaart,

]lJI5I P-t'hI

nponoroxeuae

OhlJIO Ohl B npenenax

YCJIOBHR

Iv

= -- 4

MeJIO.!l.HFI, ROTOOTHoweHHIO

>- no

R Ra)J(]lOH R-t'e.

~ t="EE-~~7~~jl€~~.~~1 ~

Iv:-7+:7=O. ·Iv:-7-7:-14.

186

TaKHM 'HMeIOIUI1X 06peTeHO

06pa30M

MOmHO BbIBeCTH Ho

Ilv

.IVI5I BCeX KaHOHOB, KOM6HHaUHM OPHMbI 6b1

ry me

P-t'y.

3TO 60raTCTBO

ueHOIO MeJIOnHqeCROM6enHOCTIl. TeMbI. OOOp06yM

ee opOnOJImHTb HJIH YBeJIHqHTb OTneJIbI KaHOHa, H MbI cpaay

()Ka3aJIHCb co ncex CTOPOHOOYTaHHbIMH'TeMH MHOrOqHCJIeHHblMH .CTeCHemUIMH, ROTopble «aHOHa. 3aMeTHM, qTO

nepaspuaao
OpH

CB5I3aHhI C 3TOM !fl0PMOIO

CTOJIb RpaTKOM H 6enHOM HOTaMH

TeMe, KOHeqHO, He 6bIJIO Hano6HOCTH nJI5I COqHHeHHH xanrnor-o

,HH5I

ssnnenpaaeneaasrx KaHOHOB npOH3BonHTb ace 're BblqHCJIeIIv, npaaepsr KOTOPblX MbI opHBOnHJIH. Bnecs MomHO 6b1JIO HaMTH paaaooopasaue BCTYOJIeHH5Iropasno cxopee, npOCTO HX acnporioaaa, qeM OpOH3BOn5I CJIOmHble: BblqHCJIeHH5I, xoropue
H3 HeHYiHHblM OCJIOmHeHHeM, 6e3 xoroporo TpyJI.HO 060MTHCh B CJIyqa5IX 60JIee CJIOmHbl~. c.T1enYIOIUeMnpnaepe

"5IBHJIHCb 6b1 B naHHOM CJIyqae

§ 182. B

:M189.

IV:-16

L:.-J

"
It)

.
I

~1

JRr~' Ir
I

.
:

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