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Power of x.
xn dx = xn+1 (n+1)-1 + C x-1 dx = ln|x| + C
(n -1) Proof
Exponential / Logarithmic
ex dx = ex + C bx dx = bx / ln(b) + C
Proof Proof, Tip!
ln(x) dx = x ln(x) - x + C
Proof
Trigonometric
sin x dx = -cos x + C csc x dx = - ln|csc x + cot x| + C
Proof Proof
Trigonometric Result
cos x dx = sin x + C csc x cot x dx = - csc x + C
Proof Proof
sin x dx = -cos x + C sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
Proof Proof
sec2 x dx = tan x + C csc2 x dx = - cot x + C
Proof Proof
Inverse Trigonometric
arcsin x dx = x arcsin x + (1-x2 ) + C
dx
arccos x = /2 - arcsin x
dx (-1 <= x <= 1)
= arcsec|x| + C
x (x 2 - 1) arccsc x = /2 - arcsec x
(|x| >= 1)
dx arccot x = /2 - arctan x
= arctan x + C (for all x)
1 + x2
Hyperbolic
sinh x dx = cosh x + C csch x dx = ln |tanh(x/2)| + C
Proof Proof
cosh x dx = sinh x + C
sech x dx = arctan (sinh x) + C
Proof
tanh x dx = ln (cosh x) + C coth x dx = ln |sinh x| + C
Proof Proof