Let us understand the meaning of the two words: “Nano and

Technology” that combines to make the word “Nano technology” The word
"Nano" is a Greek word meaning “dwarf”. The prefix “nano” is a
mathematical term and in a mathematical terminology nanometer means
one billionth of a meter, it's mathematically written as 1/1000,000,000 of a
meter. This means, 1 nanometer (nm = 10-9) meter

Nano technology is unique science involving manufacturing products by

rearranging atoms.

Nanoscience is the study of the fundamental principles of molecules and

other systems whose at least one of the dimensions lie between 1nanometer
to 100 nanometers range. Nano technology is the tool to harness the
knowledge of Nanoscience in order to create new useful materials, devices,
systems and machines that have novel properties due to their small size.

Nanatechnology offers better built, longer lasting, cleaner, safer, and

smarter products. These are useful in domestic purposes, communications,
medicines, transportations, agriculture, and industry in general.

Nano technology is a technology so powerful that it will offer possibilities

such as,
o Cellular repair
o Artificial intelligence
o Inexpensive space travel
o Clean and abundant energy
o Environmental restoration
 To understand the size/dimension of the nanosystems (particles,
materials, and devices), let's compare the dimensions of these
nanosystems with the common things found around us. A pictorial
summary is given in the figure. We begin with the human hair, which
has a diameter of 75,000 nanometers (nm). The size of E-coli bacteria
is 2000 nm, an integrated circuit transistor is 90 nm, the virus is 50 nm
and the width of a DNA molecule is around 2.0 nm and finally the
hydrogen atom is of 0.1 nm diameters.
 In figure we explain the dimensions of micrometer to nanometer scale
with proper examples. Fly ash and red cells of blood are a few
micrometers in size, whereas dimensions of DNA and the spacing
between atoms measure in nanometers.
 The cut off limit of human eye to see objects is 10,000nm. Therefore
we can say that any thing smaller than a nanometer can be considered
 as a loose atom or molecule floating in space. Since the human eye
cannot see objects that are smaller than 10,000nm, instruments such
as Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Atomic Force microscope
(AFM) were invented
