Summary of UNIX Commands- version 3.

Disclaimer 8. Usnet news

Summary of UNIX
commands
 1994,1995,1996 Budi Rahardjo
<rahardjo@iscom.com>
This is a summary of UNIX commands
available on most UNIX systems.
Depending on the configuration, some of
the commands may be unavailable on your
site. These commands may be a
commercial program, freeware or public
domain program that must be installed
separately, or probably just not in your
search path. Check your local
documentation or manual pages for more
details (e.g. man programname).
This reference card, obviously, cannot
describe all UNIX commands in details, but
instead I picked commands that are useful
and interesting from a user’s point of view.
Most of the commands described in this
reference card are explained in my UNIX
and Internet book which is written in
“Bahasa Indonesia” )Indonesian language.)
9. File transfer and remote access
The author and publisher make no warranty of any 10. X window
kind, expressed or implied, including the warranties of
11. Graph, Plot, Image processing tools
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose,
12. Information systems
with regard to the use of commands contained in this
reference card. This reference card is provided “as is”. 13. Networking programs
The author and publisher shall not be liable for 14. Programming tools
damage in connection with, or arising out of the 15. Text processors, typesetters, and
furnishing, performance, or the use of these previewers
commands or the associated descriptions. 16. Wordprocessors
17. Spreadsheets
Conventions 18. Databases
1. Directory and file commands
bold
represents program name
bdf
dirname display disk space (HP-UX). See
represents directory name as an also df.
argument
cat filename
filename display the content of file filename
represents file name as an
argument cd [dirname]
change directory to dirname. If
[dirname] dirname is omitted, change to your
optional directory name (or other home directory.
optional argument) as argument. If
it is no given, current directory will cp source destination
be used. copy file source into file destination.

Rahardjo, Budi (1994), Buku Pegangan df [dirname]

Table of Contents display free disk space. If dirname
Sistem Unix dan Internet, Bellingham, WA:
OpenPathways, xiv+251pp. Comb-bound, 1. Directory and file commands is omitted, display all available
ISBN 1-885130-11-2. 2. Print-related commands disks. The output maybe in blocks
3. Miscellaneous commands or in Kbytes. Use df -k in Solaris 2.x
This book is available only by mail order. 4. Process management
Send inquiry to Marina Schneider 5. File archive and compression
dtree
mschneid@prairienet.org (visually) display directory structure
6. Text editors
7. Mail programs du [dirname]

 1994,1995,1996 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@iscom.com>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

display disk usage. remove dirname recursively, hostname

removing all files and subdirectories display host name
less filename underneath dirname.
display filename one screenful. A man topic
pager similar to (better than) more . xless display on-line manual on topic.
an X window pager (named after
ls [dirname] less) screen
list the content of directory create multiple screen with one
dirname. Options: 2. Print-related commands physical screen. This program is
-a display hidden files useful if you have a text-only (e.g.
-l display in long format vt100) terminal. Move around with
lp
control-A.
mkdir dirname print a file (HP-UX, Solaris 2.x)
make directory dirname uname
lpq [-Pprintername]
print system name
more filename query printer queue of the default
view file filename one screenfull at a printer. If printername is given, will users
time query printer printername. (BSD, display all users on-line
SunOS, Linux)
mv oldname newname w
rename file oldname to file lpr [-Pprintername] filename check who is doing what
newname. If newname is a print filename (send filename to the
directory, then move oldname into default printer). If printername is which commandname
directory newname. given, will send to filename to show the location of commandname
printername. (BSD, SunOS, Linux)
pg filename who
view filename one screenfull at lprm [-Pprintername] jobnum who is on-line on this machine
atime (a pager). remove printing job number jubnum
from printer printername. (BSD, 4. Process management
pwd SunOS, Linux)
print working directory kill SIGNUM PID
Send signal SIGNUM to process ID
rmdir dirname lpstat PID, or kill (terminate) process with
remove directory dirname (if check printer status (HP-UX, process ID number PID. For
dirname is empty). Solaris 2.x) example:
rm file1 [file2 ...] kill -HUP 5555
3. Miscellaneous commands
remove files file1, file2, etc.
nice programname
rm -r dirname env run program programname with
print or alter environment variables lower priority (nicer to other users).

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

Recommended for running To combine all files under dirname emacs

background processes. into filename.tar: start emacs. A more extensive
tar cvf filename.tar dirname documentation is available on-line.
ps Reference card for GNU emacs is
check processes. The options for uncompress filename.Z also available from FSF GNU emacs
this command depends on the expand filename.Z into its original distribution.
version and variation of your UNIX. size and remove the .Z extension
Check your local documentation. jed
unarj filename.arj jed text editor
top exteract files from an ARJ archive
show (continuously) what joe [filename]
process(es) is running. unzip filename.zip a WordStar-like editor
extract files from filename.zip. The
5. File archive and compression reverse of zip command. nedit
a Motif-based text editor
zip zipname files
compress filename create an archive file (and compress pico
make filename smaller it) called zipname.zip which a simple text editor distributed as
(compression). filename will be contains files. part of pine
replaced by filename.Z ( a .Z
extension is added). MTOOLS sqhm
SoftQuad’s HoTMetaL HTML editor.
gunzip filename.gz There is a set of commands to access MS-
expand filename.gz into its original DOS disks on systems equipped with textedit [filename]
form (size) and remove the .gz floppy disk. Most DOS file commands are OpenWindow’s text editor
extension. This is GNU unzip. available (prefixed with “m”): mcopy, mdel, vi [filename]
mdir, mmd, mtype,etc. vi editor
gzip filename
compress filename with GNU zip
(gzip) and add .gz extension
6. Text editors vile [filename]
a vi-clone
mt asWedit
vim [filename]
magnetic tape control program. HTML editor
a vi-clone
tar axe
xcoral
combine files into one tar file, or a simple X window text editor
a multiwindow X window text editor
extract files from a tar file. A tar file
ee that can be used to browse C
could be a device (magnetic tape as
easy edit: emacs with a help menu functions and C++ classes.
/dev/rst0) or a plain file.
To extract filename.tar xedit
elvis
tar xvf filename.tar a vi clone a simple X window text editor

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

xemacs notify new mail has arrived (part of nntidy

X window Emacs (formerly Lucid elm package) cleanup or tidy your .newsrc
Emacs)
pine rn
7. Mail Programs mail reader and composer. read news with rn.
xwafemail slrn
biff X window interface of mail written NNTP-based newsreader (can
notify new mail has arrived in wafe+perl. display color ANSI).
elm tin
There are also other e-mail packages, such
read and/or compose e-mail. newsreader
as MH, which come with their own
fastmail commands. For example, MH has the trn
quick batch mail (part of Elm) following commands (and more): threaded rn newsreader
from inc xrn
list senders of mails in your mailbox X window-based news reader
incorporate mail into inbox folder.
frm [foldername] xvnews
scan
similar to from, but has a better Xview-based newsreader
scan mailbox/folder
output. If foldername is present, it
will list senders in folder foldername show xwafenews
instead your incoming mailbox. show current selected e-mail. X window-based newsreader written
This program is distributed as part in wafe+perl
of the elm package.
emacs, for example has its own mail reader 9. File transfer and remote
mail [userid] M-x rmail and also M-x mh, within emacs
read mail. If userid is given in the
access
window.
command line, it will be used in
compose mode. After done, mail will bftp
be sent to userid 8. Usenet news batch FTP

mailtool ftp hostname

knews Using the ftp prgram to perform FTP
OpenWindows mail program interactive X window-based news to/from host hostname.
mush reader
mail user shell. Similar to mail, but ftptool
nn X-window (xview) based FTP prgram
has a better user interface. read news with nn (NoNews is good
newmail news.) Can be used to read through kermit
NNTP or spool.

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

send or receive files with kermit X-window interface to FTP calculator

protovol.
kermit -s filename 10. X window xclock
to send filename display clock
kermit -r filename openwin xfm
to receive filename start OpenWindows file manager
minicom startx xlock
communication package similar to start X window lock your screen
Procomm
Window manager xodo
ncftp hostname odometer, track the distance your
The following programs (window managers)
a user-friendly FTP program mouse travel
are usually started when you type openwin
rlogin hostname [-l userid] or startx. It is usually in your .xinitrc file.
xterm
remote login to host hostname. If -l a terminal or shell session
userid is given, will login as userid fvwm
rsh hostname
feeble window manager 11. Graph, Plot, and Image
remote shell to host hostname mwm Processing Tools
Motif window manager
rz
coreldraw
receive (upload) files with zmodem olvwm start CorelDraw (commercial
OpenLook virtual window manager drawing program)
seyon
X window communication package olwm corelpaint
OpenLook window manager start Corel Paint program (a
sz [-r] files
send (download) files with zmodem twm commercial painting program)
tab window manager ghostview
telnet hostname [portnum]
connect to hostname with telnet. If a front-end of ghostscript (gs).
portnum is specified, connect to port
giftrans
portnum. (Usually portnum is X window programs converts GIF image to transparant
required if you want to connect to
GIF.
various services such as IRC or filemgr
MUD.) OpenWindows file manager gimp
image processing tool/drawing
xc oclock program with filters (plug-ins) to
xcomm communication package display clock manipulate image.
xftp xcalc

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

gnuplot xgraph hytelnet

a freeware plotting program capable a simple X window graphing access various libraries on the
of plotting 2D and 3D plots. It program able to produce a bar Internet
supports a wide variety of output graph.
formats. lynx
xloadimagefilename a text-based WWW-browser
gs image previewer
Ghostscript, a PostScript previewer. Mosaic
It can also be used to convert xpaint [filename] NCSA X window WWW-browser
PostScript into other graphic X window painting program,
undrestands various image format netscape
formats. a WWW browser (X window) with a
including GIF
pageview built in threaded newsreader
preview PostScript file xv [files]
image previewer and manipulation sgopher
ps2epsi file.ps [file.epsi] tools for X window. It supports a simple Gopher client, supports
create Adobe’s Encapsulated various formats, including GIF, dumb terminal
PostScript Interchange (EPSI) BMP, TIFF, and PostScript. swais
format from a postscript file. a text-based WAIS client
12. Information Systems
psselect infile [outfile] tkwww
select pages from a PostScript file. Tk-based WWW browser
archie
pstoedit search the Archie database for
willow
converts PostScript to tgif format for anonymous FTP sites a library, Z39.50 and WWW browser
editing
arena xarchie
rplot X-window WWW-browser which
X-window interface of archie
plot 2-D data understands HTML 3.0.
xgopher
sxpm chimera X-window gopher client
show an XPM (X Pixmap) image. X-window WWW-browser
xmosaic
tgif gopher X-window WWW-browser
an X window drawing tool. It can a Gopher client
produce various output formats, xwais
hotjava X-window WAIS client
including PostScript.
WWW browser that understands
xfig Java language 13. Networking programs
an X window drawing tool capable
hypermail
of producing fig output
converts mail into HTML finger userid@hostname

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

check information of userid at host write to userid screen/session X window interface to dbx
hostname
zlocate userid f77
host domainname use Zypher to locate userid (where FORTRAN compiler
find information about or which machine the user logs on)
domainname, such as its MX record flex
or IP address zwrite userid GNU implementation of lex
send a personal message to userid
irc through zypher. g77
Internet Relay Chat, a multi-user GNU Fortran compiler
chat. Beware, addictive! 14. Programming tools and g++
lpmudr shells GNU C++ compiler
an LP MUD client. Beware, gawk
addictive! acc [files]
GNU awk
Sun’s ANSI C compiler
nslookup gcc
query information about a specific bash GNU C compiler
host through a domain name Born again shell. A sh clone, but
server. For example you can find IP better gcl
address of a machine, MX record of GNU Common Lisp
a domain. bison
a GNU implementation of yacc gdb
ping hostname GNU debugger
check if host hostname is alive byacc
Berkeley yacc gofer
rup [hostname] a Haskell implementation
show status of local machines. Of cc
C compiler grep pattern file(s)
hostname is given, only check that
hostname search for a string, pattern, or
CC regular expression in file(s)
Sun’s C++ compiler
talk useri@hostname
talk to userid at host hostname imake
cpp C preprocessor interface to the make
C language preprocessor
tf command. Usually it uses file
Tiny Fugue, a MUD client csh Imakefile.
C-shell
traceroute hostname kcl
tracing IP packet from this host to dbx Kyoto Common Lisp
hostname a debugger program
ksh
write userid dbxtool Korn shell

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

lex tclsh GNU troff

lexical analyzer generator Tcl shell, a Tcl interpreter
gxditview
lint tcsh display gtroff output files under X
verify a C program tcshell, a csh compatible shell window.
but better
m4 ispell filename
macro language processor tgrind interactive spelling program
reformat source code to make it
make pretty for printout latex filename.tex
maintain, update, compile, and process filename.tex with LaTeX and
regenerate related files by a set of wish generate filename.dvi (a DVI file)
rules defined in file Makefile. a simple windowing shell, a tk/tcl
implementation lout
nm a layout or typesetting program
print name list of object file xcl
ANSI C compiler for AIX mp
pc format text, mail, news into a nice
pascal compiler yacc PostScript output.
parsing program generator.
perl Generate C code from a grammar nroff filename
Practical Extraction and Reporting process filename with nroff
Language, a powerful programming zsh
and scripting language Z shell psnup
manipulate PostScript file to have n
prolog 15. Text processors, typesetters, pages on one side
a Prolog system
and previewers pstops
rcs manipulate PostScript files to
resource / version control a2ps produce 2-up, 4-up, booklet, rotate
converts ASCII to PostScript and many other functions.
sccs
source code control system grodvi spell filename
convert troff to TeX DVI spell the contents of filename
sed
stream editor groff tex filename.tex
GNU *roff TeX document processing and
sh
typesetting.
Bourne shell grops
convert troff to PostScript troff filename
sml
process filename with troff
New Jersey Standard ML gtroff

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>

 Summary of UNIX commands - version 3.1

xdvi filename.dvi jinx

preview DVI file (filename.dvi) a curses, perl-based database

xtex filename.dvi sybperl

preview filename.dvi access Sybase server with perl
(script).
16. Wordprocessors
dbflst, dbfget, dbfadd, dbfdel, dbfpack, dbfcreat,
dbfscan
ez
DBF package to access DBF-format
Andrew Toolkit wordprocessor
file (usually generated by xbase
(free).
program), developed by Brad Eacker
imaker <beaker@sgi.com>
start an international version of
FrameMaker

maker
start FrameMaker

tps
start Interleaf

wp
start Word Perfect

17. Spreadsheets
oleo
GNU spreadsheet
sc
spreadsheet calculator
xspread
X window version of sc

18. Databases
isql
connect to Sybase server

 1994,1995 Budi Rahardjo <rahardjo@isnet.org>