j. MEDITATIONS ON FIRST PHILOSOPHY
Rene Descartes
René Descartes (1896-160) was born in own now namin his hon
Descartes, France, Although Descartes made crucial contbutions tothe
elds of optics, geometry mathematic and ence, arguably his most
‘important contbutions were to phlosopy, or which be fen
“kescribed asthe Father of Modern Philosophy. Unfomustey for Descarte
Insimelectul gents venta caught the tention of Queen China
‘of Sweden who invited Fim to serve a er piosophy nstractor. Aft
Deacanerra out oferty, erecanty apreed tobe rues and move
to Smeden whereupon Descartes was compeled bythe Queen to insract
z erin posophy shorty ater daybreak. This proved oe a grucing i
for Descartes fail manand notorious iae er Inthe end, Descartes
£ led of poeumonia— alleles than one yearn cen Christin service
Oper +
Descartes was ratonaist and bleed tit the mind ued by seson
alone capable of daonering the more important ruth about the work
Inti the following ealing taken from Deseartes’ Meditation on
Ft Phvophy 6a) Descartes famous argument” for this i,
Desates eps his Meitanon by employing methodological
‘hep’ Thats Dexartes inspec the emi stock os eli and
“hsmses a fale any bef that can be doubved sn the east. The surviving
belle—and whaeter cn be loge inferred fom them-—ate hive
‘hinge hat we an know with cern ad at the as fall our
Inowedge abou the wo.
So whatcan we know wih cen? A ft itooks sit ver ican be
‘own with cert Far example, Descartes covers that he i forced
Sema of his belies ast depend on sensory experince, since he sens
Jeceeus.on aceon. 4a tes, Descartes ven ord doubt that
hea boy since his nowdede of hsb based on fom hi,
senses. Eventually, however. Descartes does discover something that he
no doube that ei thinking thing” and therfne exist This ithe
Songim of Descartes’ ofen quoted sentence, colt erg sume hk,
Therefore am.” Aithough this sentence dos not ppet inthe Meitaton
thebaieconcept does. exarecan doubt everthing except or one
‘cia facta he athing that doubting. Therefore, he ext
While discovering that he exists, Descartesimuitaneoy covert mot
el ule Whatever be very clearly and iin pecives toe And
sng this ey simpler, Descartes stout oem the knowledge he
‘esto methodaogeal skeptic. The st step inthis proces ito
sablh he existence ood. I Gad exten canbe established,
Descartes belees that heean noe or es) rt hi sens pan since
‘being mo deciver—would not have given uss strong Ss 1 rt
somes fet thea oma mere munahy af sich Ad since,
st OF
(oF amine )Reading Questions
Which soe of opinions does Desa eet ag fae? Which som Jocshe ascpt as te?
‘oes Desires Behe that ur senses af foe tuned?
{Cin Descarterhe sre that be nt dreaming?
{Can Descatesbe ste that he po deceived by evil genie?
Whats the fr truth fh Dewcartexe set?
Whats thinking hig?
“To whut exten does one’s kvl ofan extemal ody pcs of wa or xa
pledepend monet senses”
8: Whats Daas general ue for dentin he
9. Deserta tha his ess extra things
Can serething some
tha tet? Could Descartes
What role dos
tte ies
MEDITATION
OF THE THINGS OF
WHICH WE MAY DOUBT:
1. Severalyearehne now lp sinc st besmne
ate that had acted ve rm y oath many
[ie wpimen or teu thatemsequen ha
strand anor sch rinses wa hl out
Fac and tom tht nel was convinced othe neces
svt undertkingnceim my iff yo
the opimions | ad adopted, and o commencing
te the work fouling rom the foundation.