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FSK Demodulator/Tone Decoder: Electronics
FSK Demodulator/Tone Decoder: Electronics
Semiconductor Division
RC2211
FSK Demodulator/Tone Decoder
Features Applications
¥ Wide frequency range Ð 0.01 Hz to 300 kHz ¥ FSK demodulation
¥ Wide supply voltage range Ð 4.5V to 20V ¥ Data synchronization
¥ DTL/TTL/ECL logic compatibility ¥ Tone decoding
¥ FSK demodulation with carrier-detector ¥ FM detection
¥ Wide dynamic range Ð 2 mV to 3 VRMS ¥ Carrier detection
¥ Adjustable tracking range Ð ±1% to ±80%
¥ Excellent temperature stability Ð 20 ppm/°C typical
Description
The RC2211 is a monolithic phase-locked loop (PLL) tracking an input signal frequency within the passband, a
system especially designed for data communications. It is quadrature phase detector which provides carrier detection,
particularly well-suited for FSK modem applications, and and an FSK voltage comparator which provides FSK
operates over a wide frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 300 kHz. demodulation. External components are used to indepen-
It can accommodate analog signals between 2 mV and 3V, dently set carrier frequency, bandwidth and output delay.
and can interface with conventional DTL, TTL and ECL
logic families. The circuit consists of a basic PLL for
Block Diagram
Loop Filter Data Filter
FSK
f-Detector Data
Output
FSK
f Comparator
FSK
Input VCO
f
Preamp
Lock
f-Detector Detector
Outputs
Rev. 1.0.1
RB
510K RL (1)
RF +VS
(11) 100K (8)
Loop
f-Detector (7)
C1 CF
R1 FSK FSK
Input
Comparator Output
Preamp
f
(2) (12) Internal
VCO (10)
Reference
f
0.1 µF
R0
(14) C0 (13) Q
0.1 µF (6)
Input
Signal Lock
Detector
Quad Outputs
f-Detector
(3)
Lock (5)
RD Detector Q
100K Comparator
CD
to 470K
65-2211-02
2
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Loop Phase Detector Output (Pin 11) 2. Internal Reference Voltage, VR (measured at pin 10)
This terminal provides a high impedance output for the loop
phase detector. The PLL loop Þlter is formed by R1 and C1 æ +V S ö
V R = è ---------- ø -650 mV
connected to pin 11 (see Figure 1). With no input signal, or 2
with no phase error within the PLL, the DC level at pin 11 is
very nearly equal to VR. The peak voltage swing available at 3. Loop Lowpass Filter Time Constant, t
the phase detector output is equal to ±VR.
t = R1C1
VCO Control Input (Pin 12) 4. Loop Dampening, z:
VCO free running frequency is determined by external
æ C0 ö 1
z = ç ------ ÷ æè --- öø
timing resistor, R0, connected from this terminal to ground.
The VCO free running frequency, F0 is given by: è C1 ø 4
1
F 0 ( Hz ) = ------------- 5. Loop Tracking Bandwidth, ±DF/F0:
R0 C0
Df/FO = R0/R1
where C0 is the timing capacitor across pins 13 and 14. For
optimum temperature stability R0 must be in the range of Tracking
Bandwidth
10 kW to 100 kW (see Typical Performance Characteristics).
Df Df
This terminal is a low impedance point, and is internally
biased at a DC level equal to VR. The maximum timing cur-
rent drawn from pin 12 must be limited to £3 mA for proper FLL F1 F0 F2 FLH
operation of the circuit.
65-2211-03
VCO Timing Capacitor (Pins 13 and 14) 6. FSK Data Filter Time Constant, tF:
VCO frequency is inversely proportional to the external tim-
ing capacitor, C0, connected across these terminals. C0 must tF = RFCF
be non-polarized, and in the range of 200 pF to 10 mF.
7. Loop Phase Detector Conversion Gain, Kf (Kf is the
VCO Frequency Adjustment differential DC voltage across pins 10 and 11, per unit
of phase error at phase-detector input):
VCO can be Þne tuned by connecting a potentiometer, Rx, in
series with R0 at pin 12 (see Figure 2). ( Ð2) ( VR)
kf ( in volts per radian ) = ----------------------------
p
VCO Free-Running Frequency, F0
The RC2211 does not have a separate VCO output terminal. 8. VCO Conversion Gain, K0 is the amount of change in
Instead, the VCO outputs are internally connected to the VCO frequency per unit of DC voltage change at pin 11:
phase detector sections of the circuit. However, for set-up or
Ð1
adjustment purposes, the VCO freerunning frequency can be K0 ( in Hertz per volt ) = ---------------------
measured at pin 3 (with CD disconnected) with no input and C0 R1 VR
with pin 2 shorted to pin 10.
9. Total Loop Gain, KT:
3
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
Pin Assignments
+VS 1 14 Timing Capacitor
Input 2 13 Timing Capacitor
Lock Detector Filter 3 12 Timing Resistor
GND 4 11 Loop f-Detector
Q 5 10 Reference Voltage Output
Q 6 9 Reference Bypass
FSK Data Output 7 8 FSK Comparator Input
65-2211-04
Thermal Characteristics
Parameter 14 Lead Plastic DIP 14 Lead Ceramic DIP
Therm. Res qJC — 60°C/W
Therm. Res. qJA 160°C/W 120°C/W
For TA > 50°C Derate at 6.5 mW/°C 8.33 mW/°C
4
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Electrical Characteristics
(Test Conditions +VS = +12V, TA +25°C, R0 = 30 kW, C0 = 0.033 mF. See Figure 1 for component designations.)
RV/RM2211 RC2211
Parameters Test Conditlons Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Units
General
Supply Voltage2 4.5 20 4.5 20 V
Supply Current R0 ³ 10 kW 4.0 9.0 5.0 11 mA
Oscillator
Frequency Accuracy Deviation from f0 = 1/R0C0 ±1.0 ±3.0 ±1.0 %
1
Frequency Stability
Temperature Coefficient R1 = ¥ ±20 ±50 ±20 ppm/°C
Power Supply Rejection +VS = 12 ±1V 0.05 0.5 0.05 %/V
+VS = 5 ±0.5V 0.2 0.2 %/V
Upper Frequency Limit R0 = 8.2 kW, C0 = 400 pF 100 300 300 kHz
Lowest Practical Operating R0 = 2 MW, C0 = 50 mF 0.01 0.01 Hz
Frequency1
Timing Resistor, R0
Operating Range 5.0 2000 5.0 2000 kW
Recommended Range 15 100 15 100 kW
Loop Phase Detector
Peak Output Current Measured at pin 11 ±150 ±200 ±300 ±100 ±200 ±300 mA
Output Offset Current ±1.0 ±2.0 mA
Output Impedance 1.0 1.0 MW
Maximum Swing Ref. to pin 10 ±4.0 ±5.0 ±4.0 ±5.0 V
Quadrature Phase Detector
Peak Output Current3 Measured at pin 3 100 150 150 mA
Output Impedance 1.0 1.0 MW
Maximum Swing 11 11 VP-P
Input Preamp
Input Impedance Measured at pin 2 20 20 kW
Input Signal Voltage 2.0 10 2.0 mVRMS
Required to Cause Limiting3
Voltage Comparator
Input Impedance Measured at pins 3 & 8 2.0 2.0 MW
Input Bias Current 100 100 nA
1
Voltage Gain RL = 5.1 kW 55 70 55 70 dB
Output Voltage Low IC = 3mA 300 300 mV
Output Leakage Current V0 = 12V 0.01 0.01 mA
Internal Reference
Voltage Level Measured at pin 10 4.9 5.3 5.7 4.75 5.3 5.85 V
Output Impedance 100 100 W
Notes:
1. Guaranteed by design.
2. Individual applications may need special circuitry to function at <12V.
3. Sample tested.
5
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
C0
5. Calculate C1 to set loop damping. (See Design Equation
VCO
0.1 µF 1 14 No. 4)
FSK Fine Tune
Input 2 13
3 12
R0
Normally, z » 1/2 is recommended
RX Then: C1 = C0/4 for z = 1/2
4 11 0.1 µF R1 5K
RL RC2211
+VS 5.1K 5 10
6. Calculate Data Filter Capacitance, CF:
6 9 C1
FSK Data For RF = 100 kW, RB = 510 kW, the recommended value
Output 7 8 of CF is:
RF
100K
RB 3
C F ( in mF ) = -------------------------
510K CF
65-2211-05 Baud Rate
Note: All calculated component values except RO can be
Figure 2. Circuit Connectbn for FSK Decoding rounded off to the nearest standard value, and R0 can
be varied to fine-tune center frequency through a series
potentiometer, RX (see Figure 2).
Table 1. Recommended Component Values
for Commonly Used FSK Bands Design Example
(see Circuit of Figure 2)
75 Baud FSK demodulator with mark space frequencies of
FSK Band Component Values 1110/1170 Hz:
300 Baud C0 = 0.039 mF, CF = 0.005 mF
Step 1: Calculate F0:
F1 = 1070 Hz C1 = 0.01 mF, R0 = 18 kW
F0=(1110+1170)(1/2)= 1140Hz
F2 = 1270 Hz R1 = 100 kW
300 Baud C0 = 0.022 mF, CF = 0.005 mF Step 2: Choose R0 = 20 kW (18 kW Þxed resistor in series
with 5 kW potentiometer)
F1 = 2025 Hz C1 = 0.0047 mF, R0 = 18 kW
F2 = 2225 Hz R1 = 200 kW Step 3: Calculate C0 from VCO Frequency vs. Timing
1200 Baud C0 = 0.027 mF, CF = 0.0022 mF Capacitor: C9 = 0.044mF
F1 = 1200 Hz C1 = 0.01 mF, R0 = 18 kW
Step 4: Calculate R1: R1 = R0 (1140/60) = 380 kW
F2 = 2200 Hz R1 = 30 kW
Step 5: Calculate C1: C1 = C0/4 = 0.011 mF
Design Instructions
The circuit of Figure 2 can be tailored for any FSK decoding Note: All values except R0 can be rounded off to nearest
standard value.
application by the choice of Þve key circuit components: R0,
R1, C0, C1 and CF. For a given set of FSK mark and space
frequencies, F1 and F2, these parameters can be calculated as
follows:
6
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
7
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
Step 6: Fine tune the center frequency with the 5 kW VOUT = R1 VR/100 R0 Volts/% deviation
potentiometer. RX.
where VR is the internal reference voltage. For the choice of
external components R1, R0, C0, C1 and CF, see the section
on Design Instructions.
+VS
0.1 µF
0.1 µF (2) (8) (1)
FM (10)
Input (13)
CO RC2211 0.1 µF
CK
(14) (4)
(12) (11)
R0
+VS
RF
R1
100K
C1 CF Demodulated
Ouput
65-2211-08
8
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
C0 (µF)
10 R0 = 10 kW R0 = 160 kW
1.0
65-2211-09
R0 > 100 kW
65-2211-10
0 0.1
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
100 1K 10K
+VS (V)
FO (Hz)
Figure 6. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Figure 7. Timing Resistor with Timing
(Logic Outputs Open Circuited) Capacitor vs. VCO Frequency
1K 1.0
C R0 = 10 kWŸ 1 MW
0=
Frequency Drift (% of FO)
0.0 ŸR = 50 kWŸ
01 0
Normalized Center
C
0= µF 0.5 Ÿ
0.0
C 0 33 500 kW
R0 (kW)
0= µF
100 0.0
C 1µ 0
C 0 =0 F
0= .03 50 kW
0 .1 3
C
0= µF µF -0.5 R0 = 1 MWŸ 10 kW
65-2211-11
0.3
65-2211-12
3µ ŸR = 500 kWŸ
F 0
10 Ÿ
-1.0
0 1 10 -50 -25 0 +25 +50 +75 +100 +125
FO (Hz) Temperature (¡C)
Figure 8. Timing Capacitor with Timing Figure 9. Center Frequency Drift vs. Temperature
Resistor vs. VCO Frequency
1.02
1.01
Normalized Frequency
Curve R0
1.00 1 5K
2 10K
3 30K
0.99 4 100K
5 300K
0.98 FO = 1 kHz
65-2211-13
R 10 R0
0.97
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
-VS (V)
9
10
+VS
(1) R2 Reference
D85 D86 Q85
20K Voltage Input
Output (2) Lock
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Q4 Detector
B
Q17 Q47 Q48 Q81 Q82 Q83 Q84 Q86 Filter
From (3)
Schematic Diagram
Intenal Voltage Reference Input Pramplifier and Limitter Quadature Phase Detector Lock Detector Comparator
D96 D108
Notes:
11
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
Notes:
12
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Notes:
13
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
Mechanical Dimensions
14-Lead Ceramic DIP Package
D
7 1
NOTE 1
8 14
s1
e eA
A
Q c1
a
L
b1
b2
14
RC2211 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
D
7 1
E1
8 14
D1
E
e
A
A1
C
L
B1 B eB
15
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2211
Ordering Information
Part Number Package Operating Temperature Range
RC2211N N 0°C to +70°C
RV2211N N -25°C to +85°C
RM2211D D -55°C to +125°C
RM2211D/883B D -55°C to +125°C
Notes:
/883B suffix denotes MIL-STD-883, Par 1.2.1 Compliant Devices
N = 14-Lead Plastic DIP
D = 14-Lead Ceramic DIP
The information contained in this data sheet has been carefully compiled; however, it shall not by implication or otherwise become part of the
terms and conditions of any subsequent sale. RaytheonÕs liability shall be determined solely by its standard terms and conditions of sale.
No representation as to application or use or that the circuits are either licensed or free from patent infringement is intended or implied.
Raytheon reserves the right to change the circuitry and any other data at any time without notice and assumes no liability for errors.
Raytheon Electronics
Semiconductor Division
350 Ellis Street
Mountain View CA 94043
415 968 9211
FAX 415 966 7742
12/95 0.0m
Stock#DS20002211
Ó Raytheon Company 1995