Professional Documents
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2) What is DNS? Why it is used? What is "forward lookup" and "reverse lookup"
in DNS? What are A records and mx records?
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP address and IP
addresses to names. The computer understands only numbers while we can easily
remember names. So to make it easier for us what we do is we assign names to computers
and websites. When we use these names (Like yahoo.com) the computer uses DNS to
convert to IP address (number) and it executes our request.
Forward lookup: Converting names to IP address is called forward lookup.
Reverse lookup: Resolving IP address to names is called reverse lookup.
'A' record: Its called host record and it has the mapping of a name to IP address. This is
the record in DNS with the help of which DNS can find out the IP address of a name.
'MX' Record: its called mail exchanger record. Its the record needed to locate the mail
servers in the network. This record is also found in DNS.
3) What id DHCP? Why it is used? What are scopes and super scopes?
DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol. Its used to allocate IP addresses to large
number of PCs in a network environment. This makes the IP management very easy.
Scope: Scope contains IP address like subnet mask, gateway IP, DNS server IP and
exclusion range which a client can use to communicate with the other PCs in the network.
Superscope: When we combine two or more scopes together its called super scope.
4) What are the types of LAN cables used? What is a cross cable?
Types of LAN cables that are in use are "Cat 5" and "Cat 6". "Cat 5" can support 100
Mbps of speed and "CAT 6" can support 1Gbps of speed.
Cross cable: Its used to connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that
they can communicate.
5) What is the difference between a normal LAN cable and cross cable? What could
be the maximum length of the LAN cable?
The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different in cross cable
and normal LAN cable.
The theoritical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to
loss of signal.
6) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches? Cross
cable. 7) What is IPCONFIG command? Why it is used?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer.
Fromthe output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP address
assigned to that computer.
10) Do you know how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003 for a user?
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook
2003.http://www.it.cmich.edu/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp
11) What is a PST file and what is the difference between a PST file and OST file?
What file is used by outlook express?
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or 2003. OST file is
used when we use outlook in cached exchanged mode. Outlook express useds odb file.
12) What is BSOD? What do you do when you get blue screen in a computer? How
do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS fault due to which
the windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a code. Best way to resolve it is to
boot the computer is "LAst known good configuration". If this doesn't work than boot the
computer in safe mode. If it boots up than the problemis with one of the devices or
drivers.
15) Your computer slowly drops out of network. A reboot of the computer fixes the
problem. What to do to resolve this issue?
Update the network card driver.
16) Your system is infected with Virus? How to recover the data?
Install another system. Insall the OS with the lates pathces, Antivirus with latest updates.
Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in the system. Once done scan and clean
the secondary HDD. Once done copy the files to the new system.
17) How to join a system to the domain? What type of user can add a system to the
domain?
Please visit the article below and read "Adding the Workstation to the Domain"
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/technologies/director
y/activedirectory/stepbystep/domxppro.mspx
1. What is NIC?
A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface controller) is a piece
of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a
computer network
2. What is USB?
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. Devices
like Modem, Mouse, Keyboard etc can be connected.
Broadband offer high-speed Internet access and allows telephone calls and a
permanent Internet connection to share a single phone line simultaneously
whereas in Dialup connection either Internet connection or telephone call can
made at given time.
A local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like
a home, office, or group of buildings
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e.,
any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or
national boundaries). Or, less formally, a network that uses routers and public
communications links
5. Microsoft Access
6. What is RAS?
Email clients download your emails onto your computer. Using a specialized
email program such as Outlook Express or Apple Mail has the advantage of
giving you complete control over your email; every email you receive is placed
on your computer and you can keep as many large file attachments as you want.
Checking your email through our webmail is similar to using Hotmail or Yahoo!
Mail. You never actually copy your messages to your computer; in fact, you are
looking at them through your web browser on somebody else"s computer. When
you are not online, you are not able to see your email.
9. Spamguard
Spam Guard is an Outlook add-in that filters email that arrives in your inbox. If
the sender of any message cannot be identified then the message is moved into a
spam quarantine folder. Messages deposited in the spam quarantine folder can be
inspected and either deleted or approved at your leisure.
11. DNS
Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server), an Internet service that
translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic,
they"re easier to remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP addresses.
Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the
name into the corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name
www.example.com might translate to 198.105.232.4.
12. IPConfig
Trace route is the program that shows you the route over the network between two
systems, listing all the intermediate routers a connection must pass through to get
to its destination. It can help you determine why your connections to a given
server might be poor, and can often help you figure out where exactly the problem
is. It also shows you how systems are connected to each other, letting you see
how your ISP connects to the Internet as well as how the target system is
connected.
1) What is IP Address ?
4) What is networking ?
6) What is TCP/IP ?
7) What is HTTP?
8) What is Protocol ?
9) What is communication medium ?
22) What is the difference between Dial-up and broad band connection?
Ans: 802.11g
REPLICATION TOPOLOGY
KCC: Knowledge Consistency Checker: It builds the topology for the intrasite
replication between the DCs. It uses only RPC to communicate with the directory service.
Bridgehead server: A point where a replication information leaves or enters a site for
intersite replication.
BENIFITS
• Optimize replication for speed and bandwidth consumption between domain
controllers.• Locate the closest domain controller for client logon, services, and directory
searches.
• Direct a Distributed File System (DFS) client to the server that is hosting the requested
data within the site.
• Replicate the system volume (SYSVOL), a collection of folders in the file system that
exists on each domain controller in a domain and is required for implementation of Group
Policy
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What is RAID?
ANS: Redundant Array of Inexpensive disk is a way to increase capaxity, performance
and reliablility.
RAID0: (Striping) Not really RAID as it has no fault tolerance, Data is striped across all
disks, Excelent read/write performance.
RAID1: (Mirroring) Need at least 2 drives, tolerates single drive failure, often used for
OS drive or boot volume.
RAID5: Requires at least 3 drives, data and parity striped across all disks, can tolerate
failure of any one disk without losing data but performance does degrade.
TCP/IP MODEL:
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet
Network Interface
OSI MODEL
Application Layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical layer
What is a switch?
A network switch, or bridge, is a specialized device that connects multiple network
segments. It's a more modern and efficient form of the ubiquitous (and outdated) network
hub. A hub, also known as a repeater, is a simple device that has been used for years to
connect all nodes, or computers, on a network to a central location. Each node on a
network has a unique hardware address called a MAC address. A hub is known as a
repeater because when a packet of data, or frame, is sent through the hub, it is repeated to
each and every computer on the network.This means that if a 1 GB video is sent to one
computer through the hub, the file will also be sent to all of the other computers on the
hub. This is very inefficient for bandwidth management. "Hubs have two major
drawbacks," says Ben deGonzague, a deployment engineer with TopCoder Software, a
Glastonbury, Conn.-based software engineering firm. "First, network bandwidth is
consumed as each and every frame is sent to all devices on a network. Second, your
network is only as fast as the slowest device. Hubs have become obsolete with switching-
based networks."A switch-based network is one that utilizes switches instead of hubs. A
switch is a major upgrade to a hub. Instead of sending all network data to each and every
network node, the switch will analyze the MAC address and determine where to send the
data. Network bandwidth is not wasted by sending every frame to every port.So when a
switch receives data for a file, if it was addressed to one computer it will only be sent
there. The other computers on the network wouldn't know about it. This means that the
network is now much more efficient, but it's also a step toward being more secure: "Since
switches can segregate traffic from different nodes," says deGonzague, "this makes it
more difficult for anyone to capture packets on your network.
What is a router?
While switches connect multiple computers, a router is required to connect multiple
networks, like your LAN to the Internet. Routers work by storing large tables of networks
and addresses, then using algorithms to determine the shortest routes to individual
addresses within those networks. In this way efficient routers not only facilitate intra-
network communications, but also play a role in overall network performance. delivering
the information faster.While many consumers are familiar with small routers from
companies like Linksys, which can be purchased for less than $50 at computer hardware
stores, they shouldn't be confused with a proper router for business. "A typical router at
home will connect your cable modem or DSL network to your internal network. This is
just connecting two different networks. Routers for businesses on the other hand might
have to connect several different networks," says deGonzague. Small business routers
from vendors like Cisco often include management software, enabling IT staff to better
manage network stability and, ultimately, performance.
Posted by Chandan Patralekh at 02:18 2 comments
Interview Questions
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