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  • INSIGHT MachineConditionMonitoringPartII The Effects of Noise in The Vibration Signal

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    Marcelo Fernandes
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    This paper describes the performance of parametric spectral estimation techniques when used to generate frequency spectra from vibration signals taken from low speed rotating equipment. The results show a consistently good performance for vibration signals which represent a variety of different operating conditions. Noise may be in the form of an unwanted sinusoid related to the main power source, vibrations from nearby machinery or vibrations from various components within or closely associated with the machinery being monitored.

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    INSIGHT MachineConditionMonitoringPartII The Effects of Noise in the Vibration Signal

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    This paper describes the performance of parametric spectral estimation techniques when used to generate frequency spectra from vibration signals taken from low speed rotating equipment. The results show a consistently good performance for vibration signals which represent a variety of different operating conditions. Noise may be in the form of an unwanted sinusoid related to the main power source, vibrations from nearby machinery or vibrations from various components within or closely associated with the machinery being monitored.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views6 pages

    INSIGHT MachineConditionMonitoringPartII The Effects of Noise in The Vibration Signal

    Uploaded by

    Marcelo Fernandes
    This paper describes the performance of parametric spectral estimation techniques when used to generate frequency spectra from vibration signals taken from low speed rotating equipment. The results show a consistently good performance for vibration signals which represent a variety of different operating conditions. Noise may be in the form of an unwanted sinusoid related to the main power source, vibrations from nearby machinery or vibrations from various components within or closely associated with the machinery being monitored.

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    CONDITION MONITORING. MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING: PART 2 - THE EFFECTS OF NOISE IN THE VIBRATION SIGNAL CK Mechefske CONDITION monrTORING The use of parametric model-based spectral estimation techniques to allow analysis of vibration signals inthe frequency domain has proven successful in several applications. In each ofthese situations, however, the vibration signal from the machinery being monitored has been kept {free from noise external tothe vibration generating process. This was done in order to test the procedure under optimum conditions, While the Parametric spectral estimation procedures are theoretically capable ofrejectingalarge noise component and have been tested using sine waves in noise, there have been no tests to date which measure the technique’ performance characteristics when used with vibration signals from rotating ‘machinery contaminated with various amounts of noise. This paper describes the performance of parametric spectral estimation techniques when used to generate frequency specrafrom vibration signals taken from low speed rotating equipment. Various spectral esimation techniques are used to extract the frequency information from vibration signals contaminated with a range of noie levels. The results show a consistently good ‘performance for vibration signals which represent a variety of diferent operating conditions. Comparisons with standard FFT -based frequency spectra are also included. introduction ‘Tn many applications of machine condition monitoring the amount ‘of noise inthe vibration signal used to generate the frequency spectra is in some way indicative of the condition of the equipment being ‘monitored. In other cases, the noise component obscures the characteristic defect information being sought and must be removed in order to gain access to the defect related signal component. Understanding how the frequency spectral estimation routine being used, whether fast Fourier transform-based or parametric model based, reacts to the noise present in the vibration signal is essential to being able to extract meaningful information from the frequency spectra ‘All vibration signals will contain some noise, The noise maybe in the form of an unwanted sinusoid related to the main power source, vibrations from nearby machinery, vibrations from various ‘components within or closely associated with the machinery being ‘monitored, of, as is frequently the ease, a random component from 4 known or unknown source. The frequency spectra estimation procedure must allow the unwanted components of the vibration signal to be separated from the components which contain the ‘machinery condition information Before this can take place, of course, the determination of what the useful part of the signal and what isthe noise component must bbe carried out. For example, the random component must not be automaticaly assumed to be useless noise. In many cases by ‘monitoring the overall level of the random component an indication ‘of machinery deterioration may be gained. For a new monitoring Dr Chris Mechefske received degrees from the University of Waterloo, Canada (Honours Bachelor of Earth Sciences) and the University of Guelph, Canada (Honours Bachelor of Science = Engineering). In 1993 he received a PAD in Mechanical Engineering from Monash University, Melbourne, ‘Australia. Other and future research inmerests include: pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, mechatronics,and ‘process control and automation. ‘Machine Condition Monitoring: Part I - Optimum Vibration Signal Lengths appeared in the British Journal of NDT, Vol. 35 No, 9, September, 1998, 874 situation this process of determining the useful pat ofthe signal may ‘be quite involved and require vibration signal samples tobe taken at several points on and around the machinery. In some cases the ‘unwanted portion of the vibration signal may not be removed but instead must be noted, and then’ taken into consideration when analysing the frequency spectra. ‘This paper details a study conducted to further the understanding of parametric spectral estimation when used to generale frequency spectra for use in the field of machine condition monitoring. The effects of various amounts of noise in the vibration signal are investigated. Plots showing frequency spectra generated from vibration signals containing varying amounts of noise are compared, Vibration signals representing sinusoids in noise and low speed (S100 RPM) rolling element bearing vibration signals in noise are used to calculate both FFT-based and parametric model-based frequency spect, 2._Parametric Spectral Estimation ‘Parametric special estimation involves three steps. These steps have been fly outlined in previous publications") so only a brief description will be given here, Figst an appropriate model type is selected based largely on the type of vibration signal being ‘considered. Vibration signals from various sources are more ficiently and accurately modelled using different model types. Next, the model is computed using one of a number of available - algorithms. Again the choice depends on the type of vibration signal being considered and what the model is being used for. Finally the frequency spectrum is calculated. The last step is completely ‘dependent on the modelling procedure used in the second step. 21 Selection of the Appropriate Model Type ‘One of the advantages of the model-based approach to spectral estimation is the higher resolution achievable with model-besed techniques over that achievable with traditional FFT-based techigues especially for short data sets\24) ‘The resolution improvement is dependent on the ability to fit « model witha small umber of parameters. A poor choice of model type will result in a Jarge number of parameters being necessary 10 accurately model the signal generating process. Therefore the correct choice of model type is of utmost importance. Before the decision regarding the best type of model to se can be ‘made, there should be consideration of all other information at hand. In this way, selection ofan exact model forthe process thet generated British Joumal of NOT ‘the data samples, or at leat @ model that i « good approximation of ‘the actual underying proces, may be made.) In the ease ofroling

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