Concepts of Programming

• A planning process for a sequence of

instruction to be executed by the computer
• Programming is performed to solve a
particular problem
• Phases involved:
– Problem Analysis
– General Solution (Algorithm)
– Validation
– Detailed Solution (Coding)
– Testing
 Programming Languages
• Machine Language
– Consists of code 0 and 1
– The only language that computer understands
• Symbolic/Assembly Language
– Uses symbols or mnemonic to represent machine
language instruction
– Needs to be translated into machine language
• High-Level Language
– Resembles human language. E.g. English
Language
– Needs to be translated into machine language
 Types of Programming
• Structured
– Pascal, C, COBOL, FORTRAN
• Functional
– Scheme, LISP
• Object-Oriented
– Java, C++
• Logic-based
– Prolog
• Scripts
– Perl, Visual Basic, Javascript