Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Procedimiento
El primer laboratorio de espesamiento y clarificación, se
realizo para determinar la dosis óptima de floculante mediante
ensayos de sedimentación discontinua, para procesos de
sedimentación continua. Los materiales utilizados para la
actividad fueron:
– Probeta de 1000 cm3.
– Material solido.
– Solución de floculante al 0.1 % en peso.
– Agua destilada.
– Papel milimétrico.
– Cinta adhesiva.
Con los parámetros y datos entregados en la guía
adjuntada para la experiencia se calcula la masa requerida y
la cantidad de floculante en cm3 para cada ensayo de
sedimentación. Las cantidades de floculante son: 0, 3, 26 y
50 gr/TMS.
Para comenzar el material solido se disgrega y luego se
pesan 267 gr de este en una balanza, necesarios para
formar una pulpa de x fracción volumétrica. Luego en cada
una de las probetas se agrega el material solido, el floculante
y el agua logrando una pulpa de 1000 cm3. Las probetas
están previamente preparadas con papel milimetrado para
facilitar la marcación de la disminución de altura, al
sedimentar los sólidos en suspensión al pasar del tiempo. Las
probetas son selladas con la mano y se agitan tres veces, no
de forma violenta y procurando no perder material. Luego la
probeta es colocada en el mesón de trabajo y en ese instante
se da inicio al cronometraje, se realizan las mediciones de
distancia cada tres segundos durante dos minutos y después
se aumenta el intervalo de medición, la última medición se
realiza al cabo de una hora.
Finalmente los datos obtenidos son utilizados para
confeccionar gráficos de altura versus tiempo, para así
obtener la velocidad para cada una de las dosis utilizadas.
Así luego de obtener una tabla de velocidades se realiza un
grafico versus las dosis de floculante y poder apreciar de una
mejor manera cual es la cantidad optima de floculante.
Datos Experimentales
La siguiente tabla contiene los datos obtenidos para 31
ensayos de sedimentación con distintas dosis de floculante,
cada uno.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L
TIE ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT
MP URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA
O
3 29, 30, 33, 34 33, 34, 31, 32, 31, 30, 27, 29,
9 5 7 8 1 1 3 4 9 8 3
6 35 29, 30, 33, 33, 33, 33, 32, 29, 31, 30, 29, 26, 28,
8 4 6 4 5 2 9 5 3 1 1 6 1
9 34, 29, 30, 33, 32, 33 31, 31, 28, 30, 29, 27, 25, 27,
9 7 3 4 6 8 5 3 3 8 5 5 2
12 29, 30, 33, 31, 32, 30, 29 27, 29, 28, 25, 24, 25,
5 2 3 8 4 2 1 5 2 6 4 4
15 34, 29, 30, 33, 30, 31, 29 26, 25, 28, 26, 23, 23, 24,
7 3 1 2 9 1 7 9 9 7 4 2 6
18 31 29, 30 32, 30, 29, 28, 25, 24, 28, 25, 22, 22 22,
2 9 4 8 6 5 9 2 1 7 6
21 34, 29 29, 32, 29, 28, 28, 24, 23, 27, 23, 20, 20, 21,
5 9 8 9 3 3 1 7 5 7 6 9 6
24 34, 28, 29, 32, 29 27, 27, 23, 22, 26, 22, 19 20 19,
4 9 8 7 5 6 6 6 8 1 5
27 28, 29, 32, 28, 26, 27, 22, 21, 26, 20, 17, 19 17,
6 6 5 4 8 7 6 5 2 7 8 7
30 30, 34, 28, 29, 32, 27, 26 25, 21, 20, 25, 22, 16, 17, 15,
3 3 4 4 3 7 9 4 6 5 1 8 9 8
33 28, 29, 32, 27, 25, 25, 21, 19, 24, 20, 16, 17 15
3 3 2 2 2 1 3 7 8 7 2
36 34, 28, 29, 32 26, 24, 24, 19, 18, 23, 19, 15, 15, 14,
2 1 1 6 3 4 7 6 6 2 7 8 3
39 34, 27, 28, 32, 25, 23, 23, 19 17, 22, 18 15, 15, 13,
1 8 9 1 8 6 8 8 9 3 3 5
42 27, 28, 32 25, 22, 23, 18, 17, 22, 17 14, 14, 13,
7 7 4 8 2 5 1 4 8 4 3
45 34 27, 28, 24, 22 22, 17, 16, 21, 16, 14, 13, 12,
5 4 9 8 4 4 7 4 4 9 9
48 26, 28, 24, 21, 22, 16, 15, 21, 15, 14, 13, 12,
2 1 4 3 1 9 8 2 7 1 9 5
51 25, 27, 24 20, 21, 16, 15, 20, 15, 13, 11,
7 8 5 6 6 3 7 3 8 9
54 25, 27, 23, 19, 20, 16, 14, 20, 15 13, 11,
4 5 3 7 3 1 8 2 6 5
57 25, 27, 22, 19, 19, 15, 14, 19, 14, 13, 11,
1 2 7 1 8 8 5 8 6 4 4
60 29, 23, 26, 22, 18, 19 15, 13, 19 14, 13, 11,
8 8 8 3 6 5 9 2 2 1
70 22, 26 14, 20, 16, 17, 14, 12, 17, 13, 13 10,
8 6 7 8 3 7 9 8 7 7
75 22, 25, 14, 20, 16, 16, 14, 12, 17, 12, 10,
7 2 4 2 1 5 4 6 2 8 5
80 22, 25, 14, 19, 15, 15, 14 12, 16, 12, 10,
6 1 3 4 6 7 4 8 5 1
85 22, 24, 14, 18, 15, 15, 13, 12, 16, 12, 10,
1 6 1 8 1 3 6 2 2 3 1
90 29, 21, 24, 14 18, 14, 15 13, 12 15, 13, 11, 12 9,9
1 8 1 1 8 4 8 4 9
95 33, 20, 23, 13, 17, 14, 14, 13, 11, 11, 9,8
9 9 5 9 5 5 7 2 9 9
100 33, 20, 22, 13, 17, 14, 14, 12, 11, 15, 11, 9,5
8 5 9 8 2 3 5 9 8 4 6
105 33, 20, 22, 13, 16, 14 14, 12, 11, 15 113 9,2
7 2 2 6 7 3 7 1
110 33, 19, 21, 13, 16, 13, 13, 12, 11 14, 11 9,1
6 4 6 4 4 7 8 5 7
115 33, 18, 21 13, 15, 13, 13, 12, 11 14, 10,
5 5 2 9 5 4 3 4 7
120 28, 33, 17, 20, 12, 15, 13, 13, 12, 11 14, 11, 11, 10, 9
3 3 7 4 9 7 3 1 2 1 8 1 5
130 33 17, 19, 12, 15, 13 12, 12 10, 13, 10, 8,9
4 9 6 1 8 9 7 4
140 32, 17, 19, 12, 14, 12, 12, 11, 10, 13, 10, 8,8
5 2 3 4 7 8 6 9 7 4 2
150 27, 32 16, 18, 12, 14, 12, 12, 11, 10, 13 10 8,7
8 7 6 2 2 4 4 7 5
160 31, 15, 18 12, 13, 12, 12, 11, 10, 12, 9,8 8,6
5 4 1 7 2 2 5 4 7
180 27, 30, 14, 16, 12, 11, 11, 11, 10, 12, 9,6 8,4
1 5 4 7 8 8 8 2 2 3
190 30 13, 15, 12, 11, 11, 11 10, 12, 9,6 8,3
6 9 5 6 7 1 1
210 26, 29, 12, 14, 12, 11, 11, 10, 9,9 11, 9,4 8
3 3 4 4 1 4 4 8 8
220 29 11, 13, 12 11, 11, 11, 10, 9,9 11, 9,4
5 9 9 3 2 7 6
230 28, 11 13, 11, 11, 11, 11 10, 9,7 11, 9,4
8 6 9 8 1 7 5
240 25, 28, 10, 13, 11, 11, 11 10, 10, 11, 9,3
6 5 5 3 8 6 9 6 3
280 26, 9,6 12, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 9,1
7 3 2 1 7 4 4
300 24, 25, 9,4 11, 11 10, 10, 10, 10, 9,4 10, 11, 10, 9
2 5 8 9 6 1 1 7 1 4
360 22, 23, 8,6 11 10, 10, 10, 9,7 9,8 9,2 10, 8,7
7 5 7 3 2 2
420 21, 22 8,2 10, 10, 9,9 9,8 9,4 9,5 9,1 9,9 9,7 9,8 8,5
2 4 3
480 19, 20, 7,7 9,9 9,8 9,5 9,5 9,1 9,3 9 9,6
8 5
540 18, 18, 9,6 9,5 9,3 8,9 9,1 9,4 8,2
5 5
600 17 17 7,3 9,3 9,1 9,1 8,8 8,9 8,8 9,2 9,4 9,5 8
720 14, 13, 6,7 8,9 8,8 8,7 8,1 8,6 8,4 8,7 7,5
5 5
120 7,8 9,5 6 8 8 7,8 8,2 8,1 8 8,4 8,7 6,9 6,8
0
180 7,1 8,5 5,3 7,4 7,9 7,7 7,7 7,7 8,4 8,4 6,8 6,7
0
270 6,8 8 3,9 7,1 7,8 7,7 7,5 7,4 8,4 6,8 6,6
0
360 6,6 7,7 3,6 6,8 7,6 7,7 7,8 7,4 7,2 8,4 8,4 9,4 9,5 6,6 6,6
0
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 55 60
g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L
ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT ALT
URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA URA
33 32, 29, 33, 34 27, 28, 25, 32 31, 28, 33 27, 28,
6 4 3 8 8 6 8 9 1 7
32, 31, 25 32, 32, 23, 22 22, 30, 29, 27, 31, 23, 26, 27,
5 3 2 5 1 9 4 6 4 7 3 5 3
32 24, 32, 20, 31, 31 19, 20, 20, 29, 27, 25, 30, 19, 24, 21,
6 6 4 4 1 2 3 2 8 9 6 3 4 5
31, 28, 31, 17, 30, 30, 15, 16, 17, 28, 25, 24, 29, 15, 19,
2 1 1 5 2 3 3 5 7 1 8 1 3 9 8
30, 26, 30 16, 29, 29, 13, 13, 16, 27, 23, 22, 28, 14, 16, 17
1 7 3 4 2 9 9 4 2 5 3 5 9 7
29, 25, 28, 15, 28, 27 13, 13 15, 26, 20, 20, 27, 13, 15,
2 6 6 5 5 3 6 1 8 6 5 7 3
28, 24, 27, 15 27, 26, 12, 12, 15 25, 18, 19, 26, 13, 14, 15,
4 6 7 6 5 8 7 1 7 2 5 1 4 4
27, 22, 26, 14, 26, 26 12, 12, 14, 24, 16, 17, 25, 12, 13, 14,
8 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 1 8 8 5 7 6 2
26, 21, 6,2 14 26, 24, 12 11, 14, 23, 15 16, 24, 12, 12,
3 7 1 5 9 3 1 2 4 4 8
25, 20, 25, 13, 25, 25, 11, 11, 13, 22, 14, 14, 23, 12 12, 14
8 6 6 8 5 9 8 7 9 2 2 8 4 6
25, 19, 24, 13, 24, 22, 11, 11, 13, 21, 13, 14, 22, 11, 12,
1 5 9 6 7 3 6 4 6 4 5 3 5 9 2
24, 18, 24 13, 24, 21 11, 11, 13, 20, 13 13, 21, 11, 11, 13,
5 7 5 1 5 2 4 5 9 8 6 9 6
23, 17, 23, 13, 23, 20 11, 11, 13, 19, 12, 13, 20, 11, 11, 13
9 8 3 3 3 4 1 2 5 7 6 7 5 7
23, 17, 22, 13, 22, 19, 11, 10, 13, 18, 12, 13, 19, 11, 11,
2 1 6 1 6 3 3 9 1 8 3 1 9 4 5
22, 16, 21, 12, 21, 18, 11, 10, 12, 17, 12 12, 19, 11, 11, 12,
7 5 9 9 8 4 2 8 9 8 9 3 3 3 9
22, 16 21, 12, 21, 17, 11 10, 12, 16, 11, 12, 18, 11, 11
1 4 8 1 8 7 6 5 7 5 5 1
21, 15, 20, 12, 20, 17, 10, 10, 12, 16 11, 12, 17, 11 10, 12,
5 6 6 7 6 4 9 6 5 4 3 8 9 7
21 15, 20 12, 20 17, 10, 10, 12, 15, 11, 12, 16, 10, 10, 12,
2 5 3 8 5 3 5 3 1 6 9 8 5
20, 14, 19, 12, 19, 16, 10, 10, 12, 15, 11 11, 16, 10, 10,
3 8 2 4 4 7 7 4 2 2 8 2 8 7
19, 14, 18, 12, 18, 16, 10, 10, 11, 14, 10, 11, 15, 10, 1,3 12,
5 5 6 3 8 3 6 3 9 7 8 4 6 7 3
18, 14, 18 17, 16 10, 11, 14, 10, 14, 10, 10, 12,
7 2 8 2 6 2 9 6 6 2 1
18 13, 17, 17 15, 10, 11, 13, 10, 14, 10, 10 11,
9 6 6 1 5 7 8 2 5 9
17, 13, 17, 16, 15, 10 11, 13, 10, 13, 10, 9,9 11,
3 6 1 3 2 4 4 6 6 5 7
16, 13, 16, 15, 14, 9,9 11, 13, 10, 13, 10, 9,8 11,
7 2 7 6 9 3 2 5 3 3 6
16, 13 16, 15, 14, 9,8 11, 12, 10, 12, 10, 9,7 11,
1 5 2 5 2 9 5 8 1 4
15, 12, 16, 11, 14, 14 10, 9,7 11, 12, 10, 12, 10, 9,5 11,
6 8 1 4 8 5 1 7 3 6 1 3
15, 12, 15, 14, 13, 9,7 10, 12, 10, 12, 9,9 9,4 11,
2 6 6 4 7 9 5 1 5 2
14, 12, 15, 14 9,6 10, 12, 10 12, 9,9 9,3 11,
8 3 3 8 4 3 2
14, 12, 14, 13, 13, 9,6 10, 12, 10 12, 9,9 9,2 11,
5 1 9 7 3 7 2 2 2
13, 11, 14, 13, 9,5 10, 11, 9,7 11, 9,8 10,
9 9 3 4 5 9 9 9
13, 11, 14 11 12, 13 10 9,4 10, 11, 9,4 9,6 11, 9,6 9 10,
6 7 9 4 6 7 8
13, 11, 13, 12, 12, 10, 11, 9,5 11, 9,5 10,
2 5 9 7 9 3 4 4 8
12, 11, 13, 12, 12, 10, 11, 9,5 11, 9,4 10,
9 3 6 4 7 3 3 3 6
12, 11, 13, 12, 12, 10, 11, 9,4 11 9,4 10,
6 1 5 1 4 2 1 4
12, 10, 13, 11, 12, 10 10, 9,3 10, 9,3 10,
4 7 3 9 2 9 8 4
12, 10, 12, 11, 12 9,8 10, 9,2 10, 9,2 10,
2 6 9 7 7 6 4
12 10, 12, 11, 11, 9,1 9,7 10, 8,9 9,2 10, 9,2 10,
5 6 5 9 6 4 1
11, 10, 12, 11, 11, 9,6 10, 9,1 10, 9,1 10,
8 3 4 3 9 6 3 1
11, 10, 12, 11, 11, 9,5 10, 9,1 10, 9,1
7 2 2 1 7 5 2
11, 9,9 11, 10, 11, 8,8 9,3 8,7 9 9,7 9,1
1 7 7 5
10, 9,5 10, 10, 10, 11 9,7 8,7 9,1 8,6 8,9
6 9 1 1
9,8 9,1 10
9,7 9 9,9
9 9,9
9 9,8
8,9 9,6
9,5 9,4
9,3 9,2
9,2 9,2
9,1 9,2
8,7 9 9,1
9 9
9,1 8,7 8,9 8,9 10, 7,8 9,1 8,3 8,4 8,7 8,5 8,3 9,3
3
8,7 8,4 8,3 9,8 8,6 9,8 9 8,6 7,7 8,8 7,9 8,2 8 8,2 8,2 8,9