HW1 solution, WINTER 2011, EE 102

1.
(i)
(z − w)2 = (1 + i − 3 + 4i)2 = −21 − 20i,
real:-21,Imag:-20;
(z/w) = (−1 + 7i)/25,
real:-1/25,Imag:7/25;
zw = (1 + i)(3 − 4i) = 7 − i,
real:7,Imag:-1;
(ii) Let s=a+bi; Re(is̄)=Re(ai+b)=b=Im(s);
Im(is̄)=Im(ai+b)=a=Re(s);
2. It’s linear because T [kx(t)] = kT [x(t)]
Z t
T [kx(t)] = kx(t) + (t − τ )kx(τ )dτ
0

Z t Z t
kT [x(t)] = k(x(t) + (t − τ )x(τ )dτ ) = kx(t) + (t − τ )kx(τ )dτ
0 0

Z t
T [x1 (t) + x2 (t)] = (x1 (t) + x2 (t)) + (t − τ )(x1 (τ ) + x2 (τ ))dτ
0

Z t Z t
= x1 (t) + (t − τ )x1 (τ )dτ + x2 (t) + (t − τ )x2 (τ )dτ
0 0

= T [x1 (t)] + T [x2 (t)]

It’s time-varying because
Z t
T [x(t − a)] = x(t − a) + (t − τ )x(τ − a)dτ
0
Z t−a
y(t − a) = x(t − a) + (t − a − τ )x(τ )dτ,
0
Using
σ =τ +a

1
on y(t − a), we obtain
Z t
y(t − a) = x(t − a) + (t − σ)x(σ − a)dσ,
a

and
y(t − a) 6= T [x(t − a)]
It’s causal because the output at time t depends on the input values up
to time t.
It’s not memoryless because the output at time t depends on the input
values from previous times.
3. (i)
dy(t)
e3t ( + 3y(t)) = e3t (x(t − 2)),
dt
Z t Z t
de3τ y(τ )
( dτ ) = e3τ x(τ − 2)dτ
0 dτ 0
Z t
y(t) = e−3t e3τ x(τ − 2)dτ + k
0

By initial condition y(0)=0 we have k=0.

Z t
y(t) = e−3t e3τ x(τ − 2)dτ
0

(ii)It’s time-varying because

Z t
−3t
T [x(t − a)] = e e3τ x(τ − a − 2)dτ
0
Z t−a
y(t − a) = e−3(t−a) e3τ x(τ − 2)dτ,
0
Using
σ =τ +a
on y(t − a), we obtain
Z t
−3(t−a)
y(t − a) = e e3(σ−a) x(σ − a − 2)dσ
a

and
y(t − a) 6= T [x(t − a)]

2
If x(t) = 0 for t < 2, then we should have σ − a − 2 > 2 and τ − a − 2 > 2.
So, Z t
T [x(t − a)] = e−3t e3τ x(τ − a − 2)dτ
a+4

and
Z t Z t
−3(t−a) 3(σ−a) −3t
y(t − a) = e e x(σ − a − 2)dσ = e e3σ x(σ − a − 2)dσ
a+4 a+4

Since y(t − a) = T [x(t − a)], the system is TI.

(iii) The system is causal because output at time t depends on the input
values from previous times.

4. Figures 1 and 2

Figure 1: (i)

Figure 2: (ii)

5. (
1 if τ ≥ 2
U (τ − 2) =
0 otherwise
( Rt
2 (t − τ )e−2(t−τ ) dτ if t ≥ 2
I1 (t) =
0 otherwise
Z t Z t
1 1 −2(t−τ )
(t − τ )e−2(t−τ ) dτ = (t − τ )e−2(t−τ ) + e dτ
2 2 2 2

3
 1 t 3
= − ( − )e−2(t−2)
4 2 4
1 t 3
I1 (t) = ( − ( − )e−2(t−2) )U (t − 2)
4 2 4
Z 4
1
I2 = e−2t dt = − (e−8 − e−4 )
2 2