Tuy nhién do hinh thire thi trae nghiém cd nhting dac thu riéng va ki thi sép Gén gan, vi vay ngoai vic én kién thre, luyén Ki ndng lam bai thi vige tang euéng rén luyén kT ndng phan tich, phéi hop cde phuong An tré bi va dé bai dé chon nhanh dap an trée nghiém 1a rat quan trong. Do sé trang giéi han cia cudn sAch, han ché vé thé gian cling nhu nang Ive ban than, trong tai ligu nay ching t6i gui t6i ban doc mét 86 vi du minh hog tham khéo sau: Vi dy I: Hén hop Z gém hai axit cacboxylic don chtte X vA Y (My > My) e6 tng khéi Itong 1A 8,2 gam. Cho Z téc dung vita dit véi dung dich NaOH, thu dure dung dich chtta 11,5 gam mudi. Mat khée, néu cho Z tée dung véi mét ltegng dit dung dich AgNO; trong NHs, thu durge 21,6 gam Ag. Cong thie va phan trim khdi lugng etta X tong ZBL A. CHsCOOH va 54.88%. B. C;HyCOOH va 43,90%. C. CHSCOOH vi 56,10. D. HCOOH va 45,12% (Trich BTTS cic freeing Dai he kioi B nim 2010) Phan tich, hwong dan giai: Chel 1: Xée dink cng dhire ctia axit, saw 46 tink thank phan % Khoi heong 6 phan img trzing be => ¥ li HCOOH (HCOOH “2°, 249) nag = 0,1(mol) ; ny = =0,15(mol) = ny = 0,15 ~ 0,1 = 0,05 (mol) = 0,146 +0,05x(R +45) =82>R = XA CH\COOH ; X= Smgig 3,9% => Dap cin B. Céich 2: Quan sét 4 phirong én tré lei, ta thay shank phiin % Khoi lrgng & cic phueong dn la khec hau = Khong edn xc djnh cong thee cia axit con tai ned obi cin tinh thal phan % kidi wong HCOOH, sau 6 suy ra % klidi lnegng axit cdn lai, Hie dé elon dip dn, 1 gg = 041(mol) = = 100% — 21x46 2° 8,2 Vi dy 2: Cho phttong trinh héa hoe: Fe3O, + HNO; —+ Fe(NOs) + N.O, + H20. khi cin bang phuong trinh héa hge trén véi hé s6 ctia cdc chat i nhiing s6 nguyés thi hé sé ctia HNOs la A, 46x — I8y, B, 45x ~ I8y, be 100% =43,9% => Dap dn B. Aycoor i gid 13x -9y, D, 23x -9y. (Trich DTTS vito cae trutmg Dai hoc khoi A mim 2009) Phan tich, huéng dan gi: lich 1: Cain biing phuong trink oxi hod kiue theo phuong phép thing Hueing (bun doe tu gidi) Ciich 2: Lp qué trink oxi hod, qué trink khit vi dp dung bao toar nguyen t6°(N) DANO, = "NoneHINO,) = PNuongmci) + MNuong4nd = 3*3*(5X —2y)+x = 46x —18y = Dap dA, Céch 3: Phin tich, so sinh riit ra nhiin xét én tit H trong HNOs luin bing so nguyen tir H trong LhO cin bing cita H2O la s6 nguyén => He sé clin bing ctia HNOs lide phi a sé'chiin > Dap én A Vi dy 3: H6n hop X gom 1 ancol vi 2 san pham hgp nude cha propen. Ti khdi hoi cia X so véi hidro bang 23. Cho m gam X di qua dng sir dimg CuO (dury nung néng, Sau khi cdc phan img xay ra hoan toan, thu dirge hén hop Y gdm 3 chat how co va hoi mde, khoi Nrong ong stt giam 3,2 gam.dung hodn toin vdi Itong dir dung dich AgNOs trong NHs, tao ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phan tram khéi lugng eta propan-I-ol trong X Ia. A. 05,2%. B. 16.3%. 1. 4B, 9%. (Trich DTT Dai hoc khoi B ném 2010) Phan tich, huweng dan giai: Giai: Mix = 232 = 46= ancol thit nhit la CHOH, hai ancol cbn lai Hin lungt la CHsCHsCH2OH vat (CH,CH(OH)CH; : Ciing c6 CTPT 1a C;HyO Ta c6: ny = nego) = 22 = 0,2 (mod. Vi Mx =46 = 2285 noo = 0 0.1(mol) 16 3 yon = Nowe Clicks 1: Hii r8 bin elit, Kip se 46 vit gid 0,160 100% = 65,22% 0,2x46. 0,025 60. => @CHyCH;CH;OH = 100% = 16,3% => Dap din B. 0,2x 46 Céich 2: Phan tich dia vao dep dir 1x60 => % khoi higng cttla CsHgO (hai ancol) 100% [1 65, 22% 65, ‘Vi propan-1—ol [a sin pham phy = % khoi Iuteng propan-I-ol < 2.61% Dap du B. Vi du 4: Dot chy hodn ton mot hop chat hi co X, thu dirgc 0.351 gam HO va 0.4368 lit khi CO, (6 dkte), Biét X e6 phan img véi Cu{OH), trong mdi trrGng kiém khi dun néng. Chat X la A. CHjCOCH). B, O=CH-CH=0. (C. CHa=CH-CH)-OH. D. C2HsCHO. (Trich DTTS vito cic triring Dai hoc kiréi B dim 2009) Phan tich, hwéng dan giai: — X od phan ting véi Cu(OH)> trong mdi trvdng kiém khi dun néng => Logi phutong én A va C, = Neg, = My,o= 0,197 = Andehit A no, don chite, mgch hé => Dap da D (hoje dyta vao sé nguyén tit cacbon va hidro ¢6 trong O=CH-CH=0 dé loai phuong én Bh Vi dy 5: Khir hoan toan m gam oxit MO, can via dit 17,92 lit khf CO (Akte), thu durge a gam kim Joai M. Hoa tan het M bing dung dich MSO, dc néng (dh), thu duge pham kinrduy nhat, 6 @ktc). Oxit MO, la AL CrOy B. Feo. C. Fess. D. Cro. (Trich DITS 20,16 lit khi SO2 (san nae cic tring Dai hoc khot B ném 2010) Phan tich, huréng dan gial: — Ban chat (phan img nhigt luyé + CO +0 (oxit) —+ CO; > ng.) =Neo =0,8(mol) -O4 phuong an, sau khi tic dung v6i HsSO% dite, nong dee déu Hine dirge mudi (trong dé kinn Logi 6 SB oxi hod + 3), nén 0 “3 “ “ M—>M + 3e $+ 2e —+ $(SO,) 0,.6<——L8 18e-—0,9=> as = oxit ld Fe;Os, > Dap dn C. ‘Vi dy 6: Trung ho’ hodn toan 8,88 gam mOt amin (baie mét, mach eacbon khong phan nhdnh) bing axit HCl, tao ra 17,64 gam mudi, Amin c6 cong thite La A. HaNCH3CH;CH3CH:NHb. B. CH\CH,CH:NE. C. H)NCH3CH)NH>. D, HsNCH;CH2CHNH2, (Trich DTTS vio cae trurimg Dgi hoc khoi B niim 2010) Phan tich, hung din gial 17, 64-8,38 =0,2 Fos 70. 24( iol) Amin + HCL —> mudi > nyc = Nhiin Uhiiy, trong 4 phuong dn cb 3 phieong dn lit amin 2 clue chi cé mgt phuong dn la amin don chitc= Nén dt cong thie cha amin li R(NH:): > Néu khong tim duge R thod man = Pharong dn dhing 1a B. (NH); + 2HCI —> R(NHCI)> = Dip dn D, Vi dy 7: Cho 16,4 gam hon hgp X gom 2 axit cacboxylic La dong ding ké tigp nhau phan img hoan toan Gi 200 ml dung dich NaOH 1M va KOH 1M thu duge dung dich Y, Co can dung dich Y, thu duge 31,1 gam hén hop ehat rin khan, Cong thite eita 2 axit trong X 1A A. CsH0; va C3H,02 B. CzH,O; va CHO, ©. CHAO: va CH6O2 D. CsHsO2 vi CsHsO2 (Trich DTTS vio cic truimg Cao diing Khoi A va B, 2010) Phan tich, hwong dan gial Nhe xét : Tuy bai loan khong giéi han vés6'nhém clue cia hai axit, tuy nhién ci 4 phacong dn tri oi, ct axit déu don chive, n RCOOH + MOH—>RCOOM + Hy Ap dung dinh ludt bao toan khoi hrong : Myo = My + Mou) — Mig =16,4 + 0, 2(56+ 40) -31,1=4,5(gam) 5 16, 18 0,25 6 = Hai axit Lin lugt I HCOOH va CHy\COOH > Dép dn B. Wn tir CoH,O>, Chat X phan tng duge véi mol) = M, Ho coon R+45=65,6e9 Vi dy 8: Hai chit X va Ye ing cong thite pl Na va tham gia phan ting trang bac. Chat Y phan tmg duge v Jogi Na va hoa tan duge ‘Cong thite ctia X, Y Tan hrgt 1a A, HOCH)CHO, CHsCOOH B, HCOOCHs, HOCH2CHO C, CH\COOH, HOCH:CHO D, HCOOCHs, CHyCOOH (Trich DTS vito cdc tring Cao ding kdl A va B, 2010) Phan tich, hung dan giai: = Chat Y hoa tan duge CaCO; > C6 chita nhém chite COOH = Loai phuong dn B va C. = Chat X phan ting durge véi kim loai Na => Phai chita nh6m chite c6 nguyén tir H linh dong => Loai phurong an D> Dép dn A.