m A cardiac pacemaker is an electric stimulator that

produces electric pulses that are conducted to

electrodes normally located within the lining of the heart
(the endocardium).
m The stimulus conducted to the heart causes it to contract
± this effect can be used prosthetically in disease states
in which the heart is not stimulated at a proper rate on its
own (heart block).
m Cardiac pacemakers are either of the m
 or the

 type.
M dnipolar type ± a single electrode is in contact with
the heart, and the negative-going pulses are
connected to it from the generator.
M Bipolar type ± two electrodes are placed within the
heart, and the stimulus is applied across theses
electrodes.
m áARTS

1. Bundle Branches
2. áurkinje Fibers
3. Electrode Terminal
(Front)
4. Electrode Terminal
(Rear)
5. Electrode Tip
6. Heart
7. áacemaker (áulse
Generator)
8. Subclavian Vein
m Asynchronous pacemaker
It is the first type of pacemaker that was
developed. A cardiac pacemaker that is free
running. It gives a fixed heart rate.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
m Synchronous pacemaker
It is used when a human¶s heart can establish a
normal cardiac rhythm between periods of block.
This means that it is not necessary to stimulates
the ventricles continuously.

There are two general forms of synchronous

pacemakers: V

 

and V



   m


m Synchronous pacemaker

The demand-type pacemaker

BLOCK DIAGRAM
m Synchronous pacemaker
The artial-synchronous pacemaker

BLOCK DIAGRAM