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 Mangrove

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are trees and shrubs that grow
in saline coastal habitats in
the tropics and subtropics ʹ mainly
between latitudes25° N and 25° S. The saline
conditions tolerated by various species range
from brackish water, through
pure seawater (30 to 40ppt), to water of over
twice the salinity of ocean seawater, where
the salt becomes concentrated
by evaporation (up to 90 ppt).[1][2]
` Mangroves form a characteristic
saline woodland or shrubland habitat,
called ©  
© , ©  
 

, ©  or © .[3] Mangals are found
in depositional coastal environments where fine
sediments (often with high organic content)
collect in areas protected from high energy wave
action. They occur both in estuaries and along
open coastlines. Mangroves dominate three
quarters of tropical coastlines