Classification of plastics

Based on chemical reaction

Based on the type of chemical reaction (polymerization) that
links the molecules together, plastics are classified as either
thermoplastics or thermosets.

Classes of plastics
In addition to the broad categories of thermoplastics and thermosets, thermoplastics can
be further categorized into amorphous, (semi-)crystalline, or liquid crystal polymers
(LCPs), depending on the polymer chain conformation or morphology. The
microstructures of these plastics and the effects of heating and cooling on the
microstructures are shown in Figure 1. Other classes include elastomers, copolymers,
compounds, commodity resins, and engineering resins. Additives, fillers, and
reinforcements are other classifications that relate directly to plastics properties and
performance.

FIGURE 1. Microstructure of various plastics and effect of heating and cooling during
processing

Structures and properties of plastics

Table 1 lists a summary of the relevant structures and properties of thermoplastics and
thermosets.
 TABLE 1. Structures and properties of thermoplastics and thermosets
Thermoplastics Thermosets
Microstructure
Linear or branch molecules.
Cross-linking network with chemical bonds among
No chemical bonds among
molecules after the chemical reaction.
the molecules.
Reaction to Heat
Can be re-softened (physical Cannot be re-softened after cross-linking without
phase change). degradation.
General Properties
Higher impact strength.
Greater mechanical strength.
Easier processing.
Greater dimensional stability.
Better adaptability to
Better heat and moisture resistance.
complex designs.