Labor as a concurrent subject

Article 17: freedom of association and forming unions

HOW EMPLOYEES ARE REPRESENTED IN
AN ENTERPRISE

IRO 2002

Joint Works Council

10 members: 40% are work representatives

Formation of trade unions
Freedom of Association

Registration of trade unions

Collective bargaining and agreements

 Settlement of Disputes

Individual labor disputes

Labor Courts

Collective labor disputes

IMPACT OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT ON UNIONS IN PAKISTAN
1948-1955; 10% per year

1959: unions not recognized as legal entities

1965: Pak-India war

1968-1969: labor unrest and IRO 1969

1975: amendment of IRO

1977-1988: suppression of unions

Comparison with India
 1. Reported Statistics
Pakistani and Indian Union Members Growth (in millions), 1947–1996
2. POWER OF UNIONS IN COLLECTIVE
BARGAINING

3. OPPOSITION BY SOCIAL FORCES

4.GOVERNMENT OPPOSITION TO WORKERS