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Aplinkos tyrimai, inžinerija ir vadyba, 2009. Nr. 1(47), P.

13-23 ISSN 1392-1649


Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 2009. No. 1(47), P. 13-23

Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Šventoji Port

Rimutė Stakėnienė, Kęstutis Jokšas, Arūnas Galkus and


Lina Lagunavičienė
Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania

(received in December, 2008; accepted in March, 2009)

The aim of the work is to research and sum up pollution of surface bottom sediments with
hydrocarbons and heavy metals Cr, Pb, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Hg in Šventoji Port, Lithuania. It is determined that
concentration of pollutants depends mainly on the granular and material composition of bottom sediments,
the distance from the sources of pollution and sedimentation patterns in the barrier zone fresh–saline water.
The greatest area (33.2%) of bottom sediments in the Šventoji Port 7.75 ha basin is polluted with
hydrocarbons. The most highly polluted is the sand in the Šventoji River sector in front of its mouth (0.047
ha) where the maximal permissible concentration (MPC) value for sand is exceeded by 21.3 times. Certain
areas of surface bottom sediments in the Šventoji Port basin are polluted with heavy metals Pb (0.054 ha), Ni
(0.19 ha), Cu (0.19 ha) and Zn. (0.36 ha).
Key words: bottom sediments, composition, concentration, heavy metals, mud, hydrocarbons, organic
carbon, pollutants, port basin, sand.

1. Introduction

The first individual research into the The present article introduces the yet
composition of bottom sediments in the Šventoji unpublished analysis results of organics and bottom
River and port basins was carried out in 1997 [1]. sediment pollution with hydrocarbons and heavy
Geochemical reconnaissance was performed metals Cr, Pb, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Hg. The
following a preliminary worked out scheme of bottom concentrations of the mentioned pollutants are used as
sediments. In June of 2004, the authors mapped the soil pollution criteria in the normative documentation
water area of the port, performed its bathymetric and recommendations of many countries [4, 5, 6 and
measuring, analysed the water mass and, in a detailed 7] and in Lithuanian valid normative document
network of stations, collected surface bottom LAND 46 -2002 (Rules for dredging soils in sea and
sediment samples for granulometric and chemical sea port waters and dredged soil management).
analysis. The further research was undertaken to fill Though in LAND 46-2002 [8] hydrocarbons are
the gaps of the first survey. Based on the new data, referred to as “oil products”, in practice soil pollution
the authors defined the geographical factors is assessed, as a rule, taking into consideration the
responsible for the character of sedimentation measured concentrations of total hydrocarbons. This
processes in the port waters, determined the influence principle is also followed in the present work.
of the subaqual relief on sedimentation processes,
distinguished sedimentogenetic zones, and considered
a possibility for recognition of sedimentary 2. Material and methods
environment transformations according to the
dynamics of water indices [2]. Chemical analysis of Samples of surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm)
bottom sediment samples helped them track up the were taken from the Šventoji Port basin (7.75 ha) in
dependence of distribution and accumulation of June of 2004. A Van Veen grab sampler was used for
metals Cr, Pb, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Hg on specific collecting sediment samples. The sediment samples
features of the sedimentary environment [3]. were transferred to plastic bags and frozen [2].
R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, A. Galkus and L. Lagunavičienė

As the sorption potential of soils largely depends KX = CX/MPCX


on the content of organic material, the concentrations
determined were not only of hydrocarbons and heavy Where:
metals but also of organic carbon. The content of total CX – concentration of pollutant X in a sample;
organic carbon (OCT) was determined by destruction MPCX – maximal permissible concentration of
of carbonates contained in sediments using mineral pollutant X for each type of soil.
acid and oxidation of organic material at 900ºC using
a high-temperature catalytic oxidation method
(HTCO) [9]. Total concentration of hydrocarbons 3. Results
(HCT) in bottom sediments was determined by an
infrared spectrometry method [10]. Concentrations of chemical elements in the
After combustion of bottom sediments in HNO3- natural environment determined by analytical
HClO4-HF mixture and dry residual dissolution in methods are major indicators of the level of pollution
hydrochloric acid, the metals: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), of a territory. The hazards of pollution can be judged
chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and nickel (Ni) were about from the total pollution index or from the total
analysed by an ICP-MS method (inductively coupled of different pollution indices [13]. The geographical
plasma mass spectrometry). Concentration of Hg was peculiarities and social–economic aspects of a country
determined by an ICP-MS method after preliminary or a region predetermine some differences of practical
combustion of sediments in aqua regia [11, 12]. assessment of pollution indices. The criteria and
For assessment of the level of pollution, the norms applied for assessment of bottom sediment
samples of bottom sediments were first of all assigned pollution are rather variable. They inter alias set the
to one of the dominant Šventoji Port soil types limits of industrial utilization or storage of soils.
according to granular composition and consistence: Concentration of pollutants in the Šventoji Port
sand or mud [8]. The pollution of each type of soil bottom sediments depends on the composition of
with every individual pollutant was estimated sediments (Fig. 1).
according to index KX:

Fig.1. Surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm) of Šventoji Port [2]:


1 – gravel; 2 – sand with gravel; 3 – coarse-grained sand; 4 – medium-grained sand; 5 – muddy medium-grained
sand; 6 – fine-grained sand; 7 – silty sand; 8 – muddy fine-grained sand; 9 – muddy sandy silt; 10 – silty-clayey
mud; 11 – overgrowths of bulrush and reed;12 – boundary of the study area.

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Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Šventoji Port

The composition of sediments is predetermined A belt of sand with pebbles in the fairway of the
by the Šventoji drift, sand migration in the near-shore Šventoji River extends to the mouth of the Western
and on the shore, and biomaterial produced by Basin. A large shoal, covered by muddy fine-grained
plankton and water macrophytes. In a basin of sand in the central part and by silty sand in its
sophisticated configuration, these factors often act peripheral parts, is situated north of it. Coastal sand of
jointly causing high heterogeneity and granular the Baltic Sea plays a decisive role in the formation of
variability of sediments. Especially heterogeneous are bottom sediments in the sector between the alluvial
the bottom sediments in that part of the port basin shoal and the Šventoji mouth [2].
which is extending farthest into the river channel. In many places, the bottom of port waters is
They are composed of river drift and coarse-grained overgrown by water plants. Even in 22 % of basin
sedimentary material washed out of the channel water, macrophytes are represented by bulrush-reed
slopes. The granular composition of alluvial overgrowths towering high above the water surface.
sediments ranges from gravel and sand with gravel in They extend along the littoral zone and somewhere
the fairway to muddy sandy silt. In the branch to the even aggregate plant “islands“ in the shoals [2] (Fig.
Eastern Basin, the coarse-grained alluvial sediments 1).
are covered by a layer of silty–clayey mud. Bottom Concentrations of examined heavy metals Cr,
sediments of comparable structure are also Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Hg are in closest direct
widespread in the littoral zone and southern part of relationship with the content of silty-clayey mud
the Eastern Basin. The bottom of the central part of fraction (< 0.063 mm). Concentration of cadmium
the Eastern Basin is composed of medium-grained alone depends slightly on both the finest mineral
sand. Only finest sedimentary material is able to reach particles and the content of organic material. The
the Western Basin of Šventoji Port where together dependence of all other examined heavy metals on the
with degraded plankton it composes mud sediments content of organic material in bottom sediments is
[2] (Fig. 1). rather pronounced [3].

Fig 2. Total organic carbon (OCT) concentration (% ) in surface bottom sediments (0-5) 0f Sventoji Port

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R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, A. Galkus and L. Lagunavičienė

Concentration of total organic carbon (OCT) in hydrocarbons in the Šventoji Port basin. Natural
surface bottom sediments of the Šventoji Port basin hydrocarbons (HCN) accumulate together with oil
ranges from 0.03% to 8.68 % with diminishing grain- products resulting from human economic activities
size composition of sediments. The highest OCT (industrial and municipal waste water discharges,
concentrations were found in the silty-clayey mud of navigation, breakdowns, etc.) which are called
the Eastern Basin. Concentration of OCT in the technogenic, anthropogenic or simply petroleum
Western Basin amounted to 5–6 %. The values of (HCP) hydrocarbons emphasizing their origin. Natural
OCT concentration are markedly lower in the zone of and petroleum hydrocarbons become a constituent
marine sand sedimentation [3]. They remain low also part of the newly formed specific organic material and
in sand and gravel sediments of the Central Basin are analysed as total sum HCT=HCN+HCP.
right in front of the Western Basin and in medium- Distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural
grained sand of the central part of the Eastern Basin hydrocarbons in the total concentration of
(Fig. 2). Average concentration (0.96 %) of organic hydrocarbons requires a complicated qualitative
carbon in sands of Šventoji Port is on the average 2.4 analysis.
times as high as in silty soils and 7 times as high as in Concentrations of HCT in Šventoji Port bottom
mud soils. sediments range from 7.5 mg/kg to 3050 mg/kg. The
The dependence of OCT concentration on the lowest average HCT concentration occurs in sand:
composition of bottom sediments is also confirmed by 44.3 mg/kg. In mud, it is 10 times as high making 530
the calculated correlation coefficients (r) between mg/kg on the average.
OCT and concentrations of different granulometric Average HCT concentration in the sand soils of
fractions in soils. OCT is in the best correlation (r = Šventoji Port basin is even twice as high as the
0.91) with the concentration of silty-clayey mud background value for silty sand soils of the Klaipėda
fraction (< 0.063 mm). There is a close reverse Port basin [14]. Meanwhile, average HCT
correlation (r = - 0.79) between OCT and concentration in the mud soils of Šventoji Port is 1.2
concentration of fraction >0.1 mm. times as low as the concentration of HCT in the most
Organic material – both autochthonous and highly petroleum hydrocarbons-polluted Klaipėda
terrestrial – is the main source of natural Port silty-clayey mud (653 mg/kg).

Fig.3. Total hydrocarbons (HCT) concentration (mg/kg) in surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm) of Šventoji Port

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Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Šventoji Port

Concentrations of HCT in heterogeneous in the sandy soils of the southern part of the basin,
alluvial bottom sediments of the Šventoji River are concentration of HCT does not exceed 50 mg/kg.
rather uneven (Figs 1 and 3). In the Šventoji River A strong direct relationship exists between
sector before its sharp turn to the west, OCT and HCT concentrations in bottom sediments
concentrations of HCT vary within wide limits of of basins not polluted with oil products [15]. In the
50–100 mg/kg. In the mud of the western bank, the oil-polluted areas, this relationship is weaker. The
concentration increases reaching 125 mg/kg and in determined small value of correlation coefficient
the coarser sediments it falls down to 15 mg/kg. (0.54) between the concentrations of organic carbon
Concentration of hydrocarbons slightly increases in and hydrocarbons in Šventoji Port sediments
front of the Western Basin (50–100 mg/kg); demonstrates a hardly mediocre relationship what
especially in the river fairway next to the mouth (up allows assuming that the Šventoji Port basin is
to 425 mg/kg) (Fig. 3). polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. This
Concentrations of hydrocarbons in the silty- assumption is supported by a high relative
clayey mud covering the coarse-grained alluvial concentration of total hydrocarbons in comparison
soils in the Šventoji branch to the Eastern Basin with the concentration of total organic carbon what
range within the limits of 100–500 mg/kg. An implies an elevated concentration of petroleum
especially marked elevation of HC concentrations is hydrocarbons in the total. In the sand of Šventoji
characteristic of the southern part of the Eastern Port, HCT account for 1 % of OCT. Meanwhile,
Basin where maximal OCT (8.68 %) and HCT (3050 relative concentration of HCT in the cleaner sand of
mg/kg) values were recorded (Figs 2 and 3). the Lithuanian near-shore of the Baltic Sea reaches
In the coarse-grained sediments accumulating only 0.05 % and in the Klaipėda Port basin 0.08 %
in the northern part of the basin, the concentration [14]. In Šventoji Port, the sands most highly
reduction (<50 mg/kg) is dramatic. saturated with petroleum hydrocarbons accumulate
In the silty-clayey mud covering almost the in the sector next to the mouth of the Šventoji River
entire bottom of the Western Basin, concentration where relative concentration of HCT in the organic
of HCT does not fall below 500 mg/kg and in the material reaches 2.8 %.
eastern litoral zone it even reaches 525 mg/kg. Only

Fig.4. Pollution index KHC values in surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm) of Šventoji Port

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R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, A. Galkus and L. Lagunavičienė

Average relative concentration of HCT in A sophisticated artificially shaped configuration


organic material of mud in the Šventoji Port basin of the port, rapidly accreting shoals and abundance of
accounts for 1.2 %. This value is 1.2 times as high as macrophytes affect the hydrodynamic processes
the one determined in silty-clayey mud of Klaipėda taking place in the port basin which, in their turn,
Port. The mud of the Eastern Basin has accumulated influence the dispersion of hydrocarbons in the water
the highest concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. mass and intensity of their settling down on the
In the western near-shore the per cent of total bottom. The salty marine water invasions into the port
hydrocarbons in the organic material reaches its basin also in a certain way affect sedimentation of
maximum: 7 %. hydrocarbons. The marine water recharges the fine-
For evaluation of the level of sediment pollution grained particles that absorb hydrocarbons, entails
with hydrocarbons in the Šventoji Port basin, their coagulation and accelerates the settling on the
pollution index KHC calculated using the values of bottom [16]. Together with the finest organics-rich
HCT was employed. Maximal permissible sedimentary material, hydrocarbons tend to
concentrations of HCT taken for counting KHC were accumulate in the quiet backwaters of the Šventoji
for sand 20 mg/kg and mud 500 mg/kg [8]. Port basin and in bottom depressions. The best
Distribution analysis of KHC values showed high conditions for HCT accumulation exist in the southern
variation of pollution status: the values range within part of the Eastern Basin and in the Western Basin.
very wide limits: from 0.04 to 21.3 (Fig. 4). The marked elevation of the KHC values in some near-
Local pollution of the Šventoji River basin with shore zones of the Eastern Basin indicate the presence
oil products in the sector in front of the western bend of high HCP inputs from the anthropogenic sources of
was detected only near its eastern bank. In the sector the land area.
between the bend and the mouth, two pronounced Concentrations of heavy metals and
areas of oil-pollution are observed (Fig. 4). In one of hydrocarbons in bottom sediments depend on the
them situated in the mouth-front fairway the highest lithological composition of soils and concentrations of
values of sand saturation with hydrocarbons and KHC organic material. Moreover, it is determined that the
have been recorded. There the maximal permissible relationship between HCT and Zn, Pb and Cu in
value for sand soils is exceeded even by 21 times! bottom sediments of the Šventoji Port basin is
The values of HCT concentration markedly exceeding mediocre whereas the relationship between Hg and
the MPC (5<KHC<10) have been observed in the soils HCT is strong (Table 1). This is presumably related
at the western shore of the Eastern Basin where most with the common sources of these pollutants and with
highly oil-saturated fine-grained sediments their distribution patterns.
accumulate (Figs 1, 3 and 4).

Table 1. Values of correlation coefficients between the concentrations of metals and the total concentration of hydrocarbons
Cu Pb Zn Ni Cd Cr Hg V
HCT 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.37 0.04 0.32 0.72 0.30

The highest concentrations of chromium (Cr) does not reach 10 mg/kg except a few areas where its
have accumulated in the silty-clayey mud of the concentration increases almost up to 20 mg/kg [3]. In
Eastern and Western Basins where the maximal Cr the muddy fine-grained sand at the southern shore of
values reach up to 47 mg/kg and 54 mg/kg, the Western Basin, concentration of Pb 1.5 times
respectively. In the remaining part of the basin where exceeds the MPC for sands: Pb <20 mg/kg [8].
bottom sediments are composed of coarser fractions, Maximal concentrations of nickel (Ni) are
Cr concentration does not exceed 20 mg/kg. detected in mud soils of the Eastern (25.0 mg/kg) and
Distribution of cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the Western (24.0 mg/kg) Basins and maximal
bottom sediments of the Šventoji River and the port concentrations of copper (Cu) - in the mud at the
basin follows a rather monotonous pattern. Almost eastern embankment of the Šventoji branch into the
everywhere in the basin, its concentration does not Eastern Basin (49 mg/kg). In sand and silt sediments,
exceed 0.5 mg/kg. Only in the southern part of the concentrations of Ni and Cu do not exceed 10 mg/kg
Western Basin and at the right embankment of the [3]. Only the silty sand bottom sediments in a small
Eastern Basin, concentration of Cd more than belt of macrophyte overgrowth at the northern bank of
doubles, yet it still does not exceed the MPC for fine- the Sventoji River are saturated with Ni and Cu:
grained soils. Concentration of mercury (Hg) in the concentrations range within 10–20 mg/kg 1.3–1.8
Šventoji River fairway up to the mouth of the Eastern times exceeding the MPC for sand soils: Ni and Cu
Basin ranges from <20 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg. In the mud <10 mg/kg [8].
of the Western Basin, its concentration doubles. It Zinc (Zn) among other heavy metals occurs in
increases even more in the mud of the Eastern Basin the highest concentrations. In the coarse-grained
reaching its maximum of 201 μg/kg at the western alluvium of the Šventoji River, they range from 20
near-shore [3]. Concentrations of these heavy metals mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. Only somewhere in the muddy
nowhere exceed the MPC values [8]. medium-grained and muddy fine-grained sand along
Concentration of Pb in sands of different the litoral zone, concentration of Zn exceeds the MPC
granular composition and silt of the Šventoji River for sand soils (Zn <60 mg/kg) about 1.5 times [8].

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Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Šventoji Port

Concentration of Zn in the mud of the Western Basin zones where KZn exceed the unit (Fig. 5): one of them
increases up to 232 mg/kg (the MPC for clean mud is coincides with the zone of KCu and KNi >1 value in the
Zn <300 mg/kg) reaching its maximum (276 mg/kg) northern slope of the Šventoji River. Another one is
in the mud soils of the south-western part of the located at the branch to the Eastern Basin and the
Eastern Basin [3]. third one coincides with the mud area at the river
For assessment of pollution of bottom sediments bend next to the mouth. Mud soils of the south-
in the Šventoji Port basin with heavy metals Pb, Ni, western part of the Eastern Basin, where KZn exceeds
Cu, and Zn (whose concentrations episodically exceed 0.8, approach the limit of zinc-polluted soils. The
MPC), pollution indices KPb, KNi, KCu, and KZn have values of pollution coefficient in the eastern part of
been calculated and schemes of their distribution in the Western Basin range within the limits of 0.5–0.8
the Šventoji Port basin have been compiled. It is and in the western part they decrease up to 0.3–0.4.
determined that >1 KPb values occur only in the Rather variable and sometimes elevated KZn values
southern slope of the Western Basin and comparable were determined in the Šventoji River alluvial
KCu and KNi values occur only in a small sector of the sediments. (Fig. 5).
northern slope of Šventoji River. There are more

Fig.5. Pollution index KZn values in the surface bottom sediments (0-5 cm) of Šventoji Port

On the basis of analysed concentrations of sand of the Šventoji River fairway in front of the
hydrocarbons and heavy metals determined in surface mouth (0.047 ha) where MPC for sand is exceeded 21
bottom sediments of the Šventoji Port basin and the times. Pollution with heavy metals Pb (0.054 ha), Ni
Lithuanian valid normative documentation [8], the (0.19 ha), Cu (0.19 ha), and Zn (0.36 ha) bears a local
authors of the present paper have outlined the areas of character. The location of the polluted areas indicates
polluted sediments in the Šventoji Port basin (Fig. 6). that pollution with heavy metals and hydrocarbons
Analysis of pollution has shown that the largest has its source in the land or in the moored ships
areas (33.2 %) of Šventoji Port bottom sediments are (Western Basin). The area of polluted soil in front of
polluted with hydrocarbons. Maximally polluted is the the Šventoji River mouth might have been generated

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R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, A. Galkus and L. Lagunavičienė

by the inflow of pollutants from the port and Šventoji impact on the polydispersed system fresh water–
River basins and rapid settling on the bottom as a plankton–drift.
result of sea water set-up and physical chemical

Fig 6. Polluted areas of the surface bottom sediments (0–5 cm) of Šventoji Port (according to [8]):
1 – Non-polluted bottom sediments; 2 – Bottom sediments polluted with heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb); 3 – Bottom
sediments polluted with hydrocarbons (HCT); 4 – Sand strongly polluted with hydrocarbons (HCT/MPCHC>20)

4. Conclusions Concentration of total hydrocarbons is in a


mediocre relation with the content of total
1. Concentration of pollutants in the surface organics in the sediments. This is an indication
bottom sediments of the Šventoji Port basin that the major part of total hydrocarbons is
depends mainly on the granular and material represented by petroleum hydrocarbons.
composition of sediments, the distance from 4. Total concentration of hydrocarbons in the
the sources of pollution and sedimentation bottom sediments of the Šventoji Port basin
patterns in the barrier zone fresh–saline water. ranges from 7.5 mg/kg to 3050 mg/kg. The
2. Concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Pb, Ni, lowest average concentration has been
Cu, Zn, and Hg and total organic carbon in observed in sand soils (44.3 mg/kg), in mud it
bottom sediments are in a strong direct is more than 10 times as large (530 mg/kg).
relationship and concentration of total The maximal amounts of hydrocarbons are
hydrocarbons - in a mediocre relationship with accumulated in the mud sediments of the
the content of silty-clayey mud fraction (< Western Basin and in the south-western part
0.063 mm). of the Eastern Basin.
3. Concentration of heavy metals Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, 5. Elevated concentrations of petroleum
Zn, and Hg in bottom sediments is closely hydrocarbons in the total hydrocarbons are
related to the content of total organic carbon. indicated by the rise of the relative

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Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Šventoji Port

concentration of the latter in comparison with 12. Loring D.H. and R.T.T Rantala. 1992. Manual for
the content of total carbon in bottom the geochemical analysis of marine sediments and
sediments. suspended particulate matter. Earth Sci. Rev. 32,
6. Determined relationship between pp. 235–283.
13. Kadūnas V. 1998. Technogeninė geochemija.
concentration of total hydrocarbons and Zn, Vilnius. 145 p.
Pb and Cu values in bottom sediments of 14. Jokšas K., A. Galkus, R. Stakėnienė. 2003. The
Šventoji Port is mediocre, whereas between Only Lithuanian Seaport and its Environment.
total hydrocarbons and Hg it is strong. This is Monograph, Institute of Geology and Geography.
associated with the common sources of Vilnius. 314 p.
pollutants and their distribution patterns. 15. Esteves J.L., M.G. Commendatore, M.L.Nievas, V.
7. The greatest areas (33.2%) of bottom Massara Paletto, O. Amin. 2006. Hydrocarbon
sediments in the Šventoji Port 7.75 ha basin pollution incoastal sediments of Tierra del Fuego
are polluted with hydrocarbons. The most islands, Patagonia Argentina. Marine Pollution
Bulletin 52, pp. 572–597.
highly polluted is the sand in the Šventoji 16. Нельсон-Смит А. 1977. Нефть и экология моря.
River sector in front of the mouth (0.047 ha) Москва. 302 с.
where MPC value for sand is 21 times
exceeded. Dr. Rimutė Stakėnienė, Research Associate of the
8. Certain areas of surface bottom sediments in Department of Marine research at the Institute of
the Šventoji Port basin are polluted with heavy Geology & Geography.
metals Pb (0.054 ha), Ni (0.19 ha), Cu (0.19 Main research areas: environmental research;
ha) and Zn. (0.36 ha). petroleum hydrocarbons in the different
sedimentary environments.
Address: T. Ševčenkos str.13,
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R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, A. Galkus and L. Lagunavičienė

Šventosios uosto dugno nuosėdų užterštumas


Rimutė Stakėnienė, Kęstutis Jokšas, Arūnas Galkus, Lina Lagunavičienė
Geologijos ir geografijos institutas

(gauta 2008 m. gruodžio mėn.; atiduota spaudai 2009 m. kovo mėn.)

Straipsnyje pateikiama Šventosios uosto dugno nuosėdų užterštumo angliavandeniliais ir


sunkiaisiais metalais Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn ir Hg analizė. Būtent šių teršalų koncentracijos yra
naudojamos kaip grunto užterštumo kriterijai daugelio valstybių, taip pat ir Lietuvos, norminiuose
dokumentuose.
Nustatyta, kad Šventosios uosto akvatorijos paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose susikaupusių
teršalų koncentracija labiausiai priklauso nuo šių nuosėdų granulinės ir medžiaginės sudėties,
atstumo nuo taršos šaltinių ir sedimentacijos ypatumų barjerinėje gėlo ir druskingo vandens
zonoje. Didžiausi Šventosios uosto akvatorijos (7,75 ha) paviršinių dugno nuosėdų plotai (33,2 %)
yra užteršti angliavandeniliais. Labiausiai jais užterštas Šventosios upės priežiotinės 0,047 ha
atkarpos (0,6 % uosto akvatorijos ploto) farvaterio dugnas, kur leistinos koncentracijos smėlyje
ribinė vertė viršijama net 21,3 kartus. Šventosios uosto akvatorijos paviršinių dugno nuosėdų tam
tikri arealai yra užteršti šiais sunkiaisiais metalais: Pb (0,054 ha), Ni (0,19 ha), Cu (0,19 ha) ir Zn
(0,36 ha).

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