A Link-State Routing Algorithm

:Notation algorithm
Dijkstra’s
c(x,y):
net topology, link from
link cost costsnode
known ∞ if not• direct neighbors •
toy;all=nodes
x to
”accomplished via “link state broadcast –
D(v): current value of cost of path from source to dest. v •
all nodes have same info –
p(v): predecessor node along path from source to v •
computes least cost paths from one node (‘source”) to all other nodes •
N':
givesset of nodes whose
forwarding least
table for thatcost
nodepath– definitively known •
iterative: after k iterations, know least cost path to k dest.’s •

1-4 Network Layer

 Dijsktra’s Algorithm
:Initialization 1
N' = {u} 2
for all nodes v 3
if v adjacent to u 4
then D(v) = c(u,v) 5
∞ = else D(v) 6
7
Loop 8
find w not in N' such that D(w) is a minimum 9
'add w to N 10
: 'update D(v) for all v adjacent to w and not in N 11
D(v) = min( D(v), D(w) + c(w,v) ) 12
new cost to v is either old cost to v or known */ 13
/* shortest path cost to w plus cost from w to v 14
'until all nodes in N 15

2-4 Network Layer

 Dijkstra’s algorithm: example
Step 'N D(v),p(v) D(w),p(w) D(x),p(x) D(y),p(y) D(z),p(z)
0 u u,2 u,5 u ,1 ∞ ∞
1 ux u,2 x,4 x,2 ∞
2 uxy u,2 y,3 y ,4
3 uxyv y,3 y ,4
4 uxyvw y ,4
5 uxyvwz

5
3
v w 5
2
u 2 1 z
3
1 2
x 1
y

3-4 Network Layer