IEEE 2010 ‐2011 

SLITE 
TECHNOLOGIES 
EMBEDDED IEEE 2010 
 

www.slitetechnologies.com | info@slitetechnologies.com 
 TITLES AND ABSTRCTS
1.HM4AII: A Vital Signs Monitoring System based in Spatially Distributed
ZigBee Networks

Abstract-

Low power consumption and small footprint make ZigBee based devices well suited for
personal healthcare applications, being a promising alternative to general care patient
monitoring. However, their use in a health care facility to monitor several mobile patients
poses several difficulties, mainly because this protocol was primarily designed to operate in
low data rate scenarios. This paper introduces HM4AII, a remote vital signs monitoring
system, and presents a prototype system being deployed in a hospital internment floor. Its
architecture, original network topology, software applications and wireless sensors are
described.

2.Home Network Configuring Scheme for All Electric Appliances

Using ZigBee-based Integrated Remote Controller

Abstract—

Controlling the electric appliances is the essential technique in the home automation, and
wireless communication between the residence gateway and electric appliances is one of the
most important parts in the home network system. In these days, most of the electric appliances
are controlled by infrared remote controllers. However, it is very difficult to connect most of
the electric appliances to a home network, since the communication protocols are different. In
this paper, we propose an integrated remote controller to control electric appliances in the
home network with no extra attachment of communication device to the appliances

using ZigBee protocol and infrared remote controller technology. The integrated remote
controller system for home automation is composed of integrated remote controller, ZigBee to
infrared converter, and ZigBee power adapter. ZigBee power adapter is introduced for some
appliances which do not have even infrared remote device to be connected in home network.
This paper presents a prototype of the proposed system and shows a scheme for the
implementation. It provides high flexibility for the users to configure and manage a home
network in order to control electric appliances.
3.InfoPods: Zigbee-Based Remote Information Monitoring Devices for Smart-
Homes
Abstract —
Recent developments in ad-hoc wireless networks, single-chip embedded systems and the
wide-spread availability of Internet in homes has made it possible to remotely monitor status of
external data sources and home appliances using small, independent wireless devices. This
paper presents an open-architecture and an implementation of such a system called the
Infopods System. This architecture is
based on a Zigbee-based controller. The architecture allows multiple family members to
simultaneously monitor their home appliances as well as external Internet resources using
cheap, stand-alone hand-held mobile wireless devices. The
proposed architecture can be easily integrated with existing smart-home systems. The
architecture is implemented and demonstrated in the context of an existing Java-based
smarthome architecture.1

4.Location-Aware Fall Detection System for Medical Care Quality

Improvemen
Abstract—
Falls are one of the most common adverse events in hospitals and fall management remains a
major challenge in the medical care quality. Falls in patients are associated with major health
complications that can result in health decline and increased medical care cost. To deliver
medical care in time, reliable location-aware fall detection is needed. In this paper, we propose
a patient alert alarm for fall management. It is ZigBee-Based location awareness fall detection
system that provides immediate position information to the caregivers as soon as the fall
happened. Obviously, the integration of location awareness and fall detection technologies
fulfills the requirements of delivering critical information to relative professions and improve
the medical care quality.

5.Requirements for Wireless Extensions of a FIP Fieldbus

Abstract –
In this article we study wireless communications within the context of industrial applications.
The question of interest is whether or not wireless connections can be used for accessing
distant sensors and actuators through fieldbus. Another question of interest is whether the
bandwidth of currently available wireless connections allow the access to distant sensors
lactuators through a fieldbus protocol. The paper describes a repeater design for the extension
of a FIF' standard fieldbus
6.Route Navigation System in Zigbee-based Sensor Networks

Abstract:
During the research of supplementary system for visual impairment people, it has been
discovered that it is better to use ZigBee wireless technology considering the reliability,
portability and flexibility. Through the independent regionally-covered Zigbee networks and
the Zigbee terminal with voice prompts, clients will be able to get to the destination correctly
and independently according to the data which has been inputted in advance. At the same time,
the Zigbee networks will be connected to the local signal system in order to ensure clients’
security on their way to the destination. This project has been experimented with the help of
simulation platform and proved effective in solving the problem about the clients’ security to a
large extent.

7.The Application of Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network and GIS in the
Air Pollution Monitoring
Abstract—

With the fast development of the industrialization and urbanization process in the world, the
various issues of air pollution are appearing, and most of all are health-related issues. So the air
pollution monitoring should be focused on by the human. The paper reviews the development
of the technology of air pollution monitoring, point out the shortages of the current monitoring
technology, and bring forward the advantage of the technology of the ZigBee based wireless
sensor network in air pollution monitoring, discusses the GIS technology, focusing on the
requirements of air pollution monitoring system. Finally, based on the above mentioned, the
application schema of the ZigBee based WSN and GIS is designed and discussed in detail.

8.Wireless Sensor Network for Performance Monitoring of Electrical Machine

Abstract—
To avoid unexpected equipment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagnostic and
prognostic for the health condition of a motor, efficient and comprehensive data collecting,
monitoring, and control play an important role to improve the system more reliable and
effective. A novel wireless data collection for health monitoring system of electric machine
based on wireless sensor network (ZigBee™/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and
developed in this paper. The unique characteristics of ZigBee networks such as low power, low
cost, and high flexibility make them ideal for this application. As the focus of this paper, the
hardware design and implementation of a multiple nodes Zigbee based wireless sensor network
are discussed. The communication protocol and software design for both wireless sensor
network node and base station based on the CC2430 system on chip are presented in detail.
Experimental results of the proposed wireless sensor network for its applicability to investigate
different operating conditions such as electrical faults and mechanical faults are investigated
and discussed.
9.ZigBee Based Intelligent Helmet for Coal Miners

Abstract

A cost effective ZigBee-based wireless mine supervising system is presented in this article.
This scheme used intelligent helmets as voice terminal and ultra-low-power nodes of wireless
sensor network.The programme adopted ZigBee wireless technology to build wireless sensor
networks, realized real-time surveillance with early-warning intelligence on
methane,temperature, humidity in mining area, and
used speech communication to reduce potential safety problems in coal production

10.ZigBee Based Wireless Networked Smart Transducer and Its Application

in Supervision and Control System for Natural Gas Gate Station

Abstract—

According to the needs of technology and market of new kind of smart transducer, this article,
which is based on the technology of ZigBee, the international standard IEEE1451, and the
technology of intelligent transducer, proposed a new wireless transducer/controller Z-WPAN-
ST and described its architecture and implement technology. The hardware structure and
software components of Z-WPAN-ST which plays as a node in a WPAN are presented in
detail. This article also discussed several problems relevant with the application of the new Z-
WPAN-ST in supervision and control system for gas station.
11.Zigbee Network for Remote Patient Monitoring on General Hospital
Wards

Abstract—

Availability of Zigbee-based sensor network technology with low-power consuming sensors

has made their implementation in healthcare possible, particularly for remote patient
monitoring. Two alternative approaches for the
deployment of Zigbee-based Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) for remote patient
monitoring on general wards are discussed and their performances evaluated in a simulation
environment. In the first approach, a single WPAN is considered for gathering and transmitting
physiological data from the patients on a ward. In the second approach, which is proposed in
this paper, multiple WPANs are considered instead. In this approach, a WPAN will be
allocated to each patient on the ward. The simulation results show that the multiple WPANs
approach out-performed the single one in respect of efficiency and reliability for data
transmission for the entire ward.
12.ZigBee-based Vehicle Access Control System
Abstract—
Vehicle access control system is an important sub-system of the intelligentized residence
section. Today, in a growing emphasis on personal and property safety, the control of vehicles’
access authorization and the management of the vehicles’ access authority, access time and
access method via computer, is safe and convenient. This paper describes a set of vehicle
access control system based on ZigBee wireless technology. In this system, ZigBee
coordinator and its terminal nodes installed respectively in the entrance of the district and the
vehicles, together form a ZigBee wireless sensor network. This paper mainly introduces the
overall structure, hardware platform and software design of this system. The implementation
and performance tests of this system are fairly good.

13.ZigBee-based Wireless Extension of FOUNDATIO Fieldbus

Abstract-
Wireless communication technology can bring great benefit to industrial automation systems.
But because of the large investment and widespread usage of the Fieldbus technologies,
wireless extension of the Fieldbus is attractive and becomes the focus of researches and
applications. According to the industrial communication requirements and the wireless
communication characters, a ZigBee-based wireless extension of FOUNDATION Fieldbus is
put forward, providing wireless communication services for automatic monitoring and control
for process industry. Its device types, network topology, communication model and
performance are given out. When hybrid with wired FOUNDATION Fieldbus, the improved
application gateway is used to connect wired and wireless devices and convert
communications. The gateway uses logical devices to reduce communication delay and satisfy
different real-time requirements. Performance analysis shows that it can guarantee the real-
time communication and improve the efficiency of automation system over the hybrid field
network.

14.A 2g-rfid-based e-healthcare system

Abstract
Radio frequency identification technology has received an increasing amount of attention in
the past few years as an important emerging technology. However, the intrinsically passive
features of existing RFID systems, to which we refer as first-generation RFID systems, render
their adaptation to real-world dynamics in order to efficiently comply with up-to-date
application specific requirements difficult. To address this challenging issue, we propose an
evolution to second-generation RFID systems characterized by the introduction of encoded
rules that are dynamically stored in RFID tags. This novel approach facilitates the systems’
operation to perform actions on demand for different objects in different situations, and
enables improved scalability. Based on 2G-RFID-Sys, we propose a novel e-healthcare
management system, and explain how it can be employed to leverage the effectiveness of
existing ones. It is foreseeable that the flexibility and scalability of 2G-RFIDSys will support
more automatic and intelligent applications in the future.
15.An Embedded Mobile ECG Reasoning System for Elderly Patients
Abstract—

With the increase in the number senior citizens and chronic diseases, the number of elderly
patients who need constant assistance has increased. One key point of all critical care for
elderly patient is the continuous monitoring of their vital signs. Among these, the ECG signal
is used for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Also, there is a pressing need to
have a proper system in place for patient identification. Errors in patient identification, and
hence improper administration of medication can lead to disastrous results. This paper
proposes a novel embedded mobile ECG reasoning system that integrates ECG signal
reasoning and RF identification together to monitor an elderly patient. As a result, our
proposed method has a good accuracy in heart beat recognition, and enables continuous
monitoring and identification of the elderly patient when alone. Moreover, in order to examine
and validate our proposed system, we propose a managerial research model to test whether it
can be implemented in a medical organization. The results prove that the mobility, usability,
and performance of our proposed system have impacts on the user’s attitude, and there is a
significant positive relation between the user’s attitude and the intent to use our proposed
system.

16.An RFID-Based Closed-Loop Wireless Power Transmission System for

Biomedical Applications
Abstract—
This brief presents a standalone closed-loop wireless power transmission system that is built
around a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader
(TRF7960) operating at 13.56 MHz. It can be used for inductively powering implantable
biomedical devices in a closed loop. Any changes in the distance and misalignment between
transmitter and receiver coils in near-field wireless power transmission can cause a significant
change in the received power, which can cause either a malfunction or excessive heat
dissipation. RFID circuits are often used in an open loop. However, their back telemetry
capability can be utilized to stabilize the received voltage on the implant. Our measurements
showed that the delivered power to the transponder was maintained at 11.2 mW over a range of
0.5 to 2 cm, while the transmitter power consumption changed from 78 mW to 1.1 W. The
closed-loop system can also oppose voltage variations as a result of sudden changes in the load
current
17.Design and Development of RFID Label for Steel Coil
Abstract—
Although RF identification (RFID) technology has had a remarkable impact on various
industries in recent years, designing RFID tags for metallic objects with satisfactory
performance is still a challenge. So far, only few success stories have been reported in the steel
industry. This paper presents the design and development of RFID labels for steel coils. In
order to achieve automatic inventory during the product-delivery process, a novel antenna
structure based on the principle of a monopole antenna has been designed, and the performance
has been verified through measurements. In order to minimize the implementation cost added
to the product line, the RFID tag is embedded into a barcode label with special perforations. A
site test demonstrates that the developed tag has excellent performance, enabling automatic
inventory using fixed readers.

18.An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG

to Detect Atrial Fibrillation
Abstract—
This study presents a novelwireless, ambulatory, realtime, and autoalarm intelligent
telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the
most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight
and power-saving wireless ECG device equipped with a built-in automatic warning expert
system. This device is connected to a mobile and ubiquitous real-time display platform. The
acquired ECG signals are instantaneously transmitted to mobile devices, such as netbooks or
mobile phones through Bluetooth, and then, processed by the expert system. An alert signal is
sent to the remote database server, which can be accessed by an Internet browser, once an
abnormal ECG is detected. The current version of the expert system can identify five types of
abnormal cardiac rhythms in real-time, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, wide
QRS complex, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac asystole, which is very important for both
the subjects who are being monitored and the healthcare personnel tracking cardiac-rhythm
disorders. The proposed system also activates an emergency medical alarm system when
problems occur. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed system is approximately 94%
accurate, with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction rates for ten normal subjects
and 20 AF patients. We believe that in the future a business-card-like ECG device,
accompanied with a mobile phone, can make universal cardiac protection service possible.
193Design of a Low-Frequency Microphone for Mobile Phones and Its
Application to Ubiquitous Medical and Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract—
This paper describes a novel strategy for providing ubiquitous medical and healthcare
monitoring through the use of a mobile phone equipped with a low-frequency microphone
sensitive to pressure waves in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz. The mobile phone is
placed in a sealed air cushion under the pillow or mattress of the subject’s bed. The low-
frequency microphone in the mobile phone picks up the signals from the subject’s heartbeat,
respiration, body movement and snoring and transmits them to a healthcare center where an
auto-diagnosing system or specialist monitors the subject’s health condition. By simply
replacing the conventional audio-microphone with the low-frequency microphone, novel
ubiquitous medical and healthcare functions are added to mobile phones. The low-frequency
microphone as a key device was newly designed and its validity was examined by experiment.

20.Development of Remote Waste Gas Monitor System

Abstract –
In order to effectively supervise factory chimney waste gas circumstance, a kind of remote
waste gas monitor system is designed, with the ARM as its core controller, collects the
chimney pollutant indexes consisting of exhaust particulate, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides as
well as nitrogen oxides through different gas sensors, and takes advantage of Global
Positioning System(GPS) to obtain the chimney position accurately, after that, the information
it collects is transmitted to the center control computer via GSM or the complete public
switched telephone network. Moreover, in order to provide the environment protection
departments convenience in supervising factories making little environmental pollution, the
system also uses Global System for Mobile Communications wireless transmission way in
which it alarms when the collected data exceeds the national standards. All the real-time data is
not only transmitted by the public switched telephone network or GSM system to the core
computer, but also stored into SD memory card through SPI interface. Practical run shows that
the system is well realized the function of GPS positioning, remote data transmission,
exceeding-standard-alarming, and data storage, and the precision of system is no higher than
2.5 percent.
21.GPS-GSM Integration for Enhancing Public Transportation Management
Services
Abstract—
This paper proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation
management services based on GPS and GSM in Punjab province of Pakistan. The system
consists of four modules: BUS Station Module, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module and
BUS Stop Module. Equipped with PC and GSM modem, BUS Station Module sends the
initialization information containing the bus number and license plate number to In-BUS
Module and BASE Station Module using SMS. The microcontroller based In-BUS Module
consisting mainly of a GPS receiver and GSM modem then starts transmitting its location and
number of passengers to BASE Station Module. BASE Station Module equipped with a
microcontroller unit and GSM modems interfaced to PCs is designed to keep track record of
every bus, processes user request about a particular bus location out of BUS Station and
updates buses location on bus stops. BUS Stop Module is installed at every bus stop and
consists of a GSM modem, memory unit and dot matrix display all interfaced to a
microcontroller. This module receives buses location information coming towards that stop
from BASE Station module and displays the information on a dot matrix display. A per stop
statistical analysis is carried out based on the number of passengers and a recommendation
report along with this analysis is sent to Punjab Government Transportation Department to
have a check on the performance and services offered by transporters to common people. The
results have shown that the developed system is useful for facilitating people using public
transportation services.

22.Gsm Based Ecg Tele-Alert System

Abstract:

Cardiac arrest is quoted as the major contributor to sudden and unexpected death rate in the
modern stress filled lifestyle around the globe. A system that warns the person about the onset
of the disease earlier automatically will be a boon to the society. This is achievable by
deploying advances in wireless technology to the existing patient monitoring system. This
paper proposes the development of a module that provides mobility to the doctor and the
patient, by adopting a simple and popular technique, detecting the abnormalities in the bio
signal of the patient in advance and sending an alert sms to the doctor through Global system
for Mobile(GSM) thereby taking suitable precautionary measures thus reducing the critical
level of the patient.
23.Monitoring patients via a secure and Mobile healthcare system

Abstract:
Patient monitoring provides flexible and powerful patient surveillance through wearable
devices at any time and anywhere. The increasing feasibility and convenience of mobile
healthcare has already introduced several significant challenges for healthcare providers,
policy makers, hospitals, and patients. A major challenge is to provide round-the-clock
healthcare services to those patients who require it via wearable wireless medical devices.
Furthermore, many patients have privacy concerns when it comes to releasing their personal
information over open wireless channels. As a consequence, one of the most important and
challenging issues that healthcare providers must deal with is how to secure the personal
information of patients and to eliminate their privacy concerns. In this article we
present several techniques that can be used to monitor patients effectively and enhance the
functionality of telemedicine systems, and discuss how current secure strategies can impede
the attacks faced by wireless communications in healthcare systems and improve the security
of mobile healthcare.

24.Open Wireless Sensor Network Telemetry Platform for Mobile Phones

Abstract—Mobile phones are an underutilized resource for connecting low-power wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) to the internet. WSNs typically expend most of their battery power
on data transmission. Mobile phones carried by the public could enable a hybrid approach
where data makes a low-power short distance hop to phones in the vicinity using Bluetooth or
a similar short range protocol, then uses the phones’ long distance connectivity to upload to the
Internet. Because a large fraction of mobile phones have Bluetooth short-distance radio, this
paper describes low-cost hardware for a generic WSN-to-Bluetooth gateway and open-source
software that allows a wide subset of mobile phones to download and save WSN data.

25.Power-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Human Activity Transition Detection

Abstract —
Wearable, mobile computing platforms are envisioned to be used in out-patient monitoring
and care. These systems continuously perform signal filtering, transformations, and
classification, which are quite compute intensive, and quickly drain the system energy. The
design space of these human activity sensors is large and includes the choice of sampling
frequency, feature detection algorithm, length of the window of transition detection etc., and
all these choices fundamentally trade-off power/performance for accuracy of detection. In this
work, we explore this design space, and make several interesting conclusions that can be used
as rules of thumb for quick, yet power-efficient designs of such systems. For instance, we find
that the x-axis of our signal, which was oriented to be parallel to the forearm, is the most
important signal to be monitored, for our set of hand activities. Our experimental results show
that by carefully choosing system design parameters, there is considerable (5X) scope of
improving the performance/power of the system, for minimal (5%) loss in accuracy.
26.Pre-feasibility Study of PV-Solar / Wind Hybrid Energy System For GSM
Type Mobile Telephony Base Station In Central India
Abstract—
This paper proposes the most feasible configuration of a stand alone PV/Wind Hybrid Energy
System with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in
isolated areas of Central India. It is expected that
the newly developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for mobile
telephony base station in near future. The meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind
speed, are taken for Bhopal, Central India and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base
station are studied and suitably modeled for pre-feasibility study of the hybrid energy system.
This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel
generator. It should reduced approximate Seventy to Eighty percent fuel cost over conventional
diesel generator and also reduced the emission of Carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses in
environments.
27.Proposal of Plug and Play Ego-motion Estimator for Mobile Robot
In this paper, for an ego-motion estimating problem of mobile robot, we propose a plug and
play ego-motion estimator that a user can freely select the sensor type and flexibly install the
sensor. In this algorithm, each sensor is dealt with a sensor unit that has some computing
equipment, and each sensor unit estimates the ego-motion and the sensor parameter. Moreover,
the sensor units are connected via a network, and the ego-motion estimate ofeach unit are
exchanged each other. Then the exchanged information is fused by Covariance Intersection
method, which is one of a decentralized estimator. By this, this algorithm can estimate ego-
motion not affected by number of sensors and sensor type. Furthermore, user can flexibly
install the sensors by this algorithm because sensor parameters are estimated in each unit and
compensated information are exchanged each other. In addition to this high flexibility, an
experimental results denotes that our method estimate ego-motion with adequate accuracy.

28.Real-Time Automization Of Agricultural Environment for Social

Modernization of Indian Agricultural System
The paper “Real time atomization of agricultural environment for social modernization of
Indian agricultural system” using ARM7 and GSM’ is focused on automizing the the irrigation
system for social walfare of Indian agricultural system and also to provide adequate irrigation
in particular area. The set up consists of ARM7TDMI core, which is a 32- bit microprocessor,
GSM serves as an important part as it is responsible for controlling the irrigation on field and
sends them to the receiver through coded signals. GSM operates through SMSes and is the link
between ARM processor and centralized unit. ARM7TDMI is an advanced version of
microprocessors and forms the heart of the system. Our project aims to implement the basic
application of automizing the irrigation field by programming the components and building the
necessary hardware. This project is used to find the exact field condition. GSM is used to
inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is given on user request in
form of SMS. ng. GSM modem can be controlled by standard set of AT (Attention)
commands. These commands can be used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem
29.Remote Control of Smart Household Based on DTM
Abstract—
More and more smart systems have been used in modern household. This article mainly
introduces the smart household control system realization procedure based on DTMF remote
transmission. The system used AVR SCM to dispose and exchange information. We realized
household appliances remote control by communication through mobile telephone and GSM
card of the system host computer TC35i by DTMF signals. This method has a lot of advantage,
such as easy operation, good practicability and wide appliance range etc. This article
particularly narrated main functions and realization of hardware and software of the system.

30.Research and Development of the Remote I/O Data Acquisition System

Based on Embedded ARM Platform
Abstract—
With the rapid development of the field of industrial process control and the fast
popularization of embedded ARM processor, it has been a trend that ARM processor can
substitute the single-chip to realize data acquisition and control. A new kind of remote I/O data
acquisition system based on embedded ARM platform has been researched and developed in
this paper, whose hardware platform use 32-bit embedded ARM microprocessor, and software
platform use the uC/OS-II core of real-time multitask operating system which is open-source
and can be grafted, cut out and solidified. This system can measure all kinds of electrical and
thermal parameters such as voltage, current, thermocouple, RTD, and so on. The measured
data can be displayed on LCD of the system, and at the same time can be transmitted through
RS485 or Ethernet network to remote DAS or DCS monitoring system by using Modbus/RTU
or Modbus/TCP protocol. The system has the dual redundant network and long-distance
communication function, which can ensure the disturb rejection capability and reliability of the
communication network.
31.Self-Sustaining Control of Two-Wheel Mobile Manipulator using Sliding
Mode Control

Abstract—
Two wheel mobile manipulator has the potential to become multi-skilled robot in the field of
robotics engineering and it is already implemented by using inverted pendulum control. Centre
of gravity position is controlled to achieve the balancing of robot. Due to the unbalanced
nature and the nonholonomic property of the two-wheel mobile manipulator, balancing is
challenging task. On the other hand sliding mode control is a good candidate to address the
nonlinear/under actuated system. This paper presents the control methods for balancing of two-
wheel mobile manipulator. This paper proposes a novel second order sliding mode controller
using twisting algorithm, disturbance observer and dynamics of double inverted pendulum.
Dynamics of double inverted pendulum is used to design the control equation of sliding mode
controller. Twisting algorithm is used to design the control input. Disturbance observer is
compensated model uncertainties and external disturbances. Posture of two wheel mobile
manipulator can successfully stabilized by this novel controller.
32.An Energy-Efficient ASIC for Wireless Body Sensor Networks in Medical
Applications
An energy-efficient application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) featured with a work-on-
demand protocol is designed for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) in medical
applications. Dedicated for ultra-low-power wireless sensor nodes, the ASIC consists of a low-
power microcontroller unit (MCU), a power-management unit (PMU), reconfigurable sensor
interfaces, communication ports controlling a wireless transceiver, and an integrated passive
radio-frequency (RF) receiver with energy harvesting ability. The MCU, together with the
PMU, provides quite flexible communication and power-control modes for energy-efficient
operations. The always-on passive RF receiver with an RF energy harvesting block offers the
sensor nodes the capability of work-on-demand with zero standby power. Fabricated in
standard 0.18- m complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology, the ASIC occupies a
die area of 2 mm X 2.5 mm. A wireless body sensor network sensor-node prototype using this
ASIC only consumes <10-nA current under the passive standby mode, and <10µ A under the
active standby mode, when supplied by a 3-V battery.

33.Substation Fault Analysis Requirements

Substation automation has critical role in power systems. Substations are responsible for
protection, control and monitoring functions that allow robust routing of power from
generators to loads through a complex network of transmission lines. With the latest
technology development, many intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) available in substations
today are capable of performing enhanced functionalities beyond what their basic function is.
This brings an opportunity for adding new functionalities that go well beyond what the
traditional substation automation solutions have provided.
34.Routing and Tracking System for Mobile Vehicles in Large Area

The paper describes a practical model for routing and tracking with mobile vehicle in a large
area outdoor environment based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System
for Mobile Communication (GSM). The supporting devices, GPS module-eMD3620 of AT&S
company and GSM modem-GM862 of Telit company, are controlled by a 32bits
microcontroller LM3S2965 implemented a new version ARM Cortex M3 core. The system is
equipped the Compass sensor-YAS529 of Yamaha company and Accelerator sensor-
KXSC72050 of Koinix company to determine moving direction of a vehicle. The device will
collect positions of the vehicle via GPS receiver and then sends the data of positions to
supervised center by the SMS (Short Message Services) or GPRS (General Package Radio
Service) service. The supervised center is composed of a development kit that supports GSM
techniques-WMP100 of the Wavecom company. After processing data, the position of the
mobile vehicle will be displayed on Google Map
35.Fuzzy Logic Motor Speed Control with Real-Time Interface using an 8-bit Embedded
Processor
Fuzzy specific hardware systems, or the adaptation of standard embedded controllers, are the
common approaches for real-time fuzzy logic implementation. High speed applications may
require the more sophisticated hardware, but most embedded control applications do not have
the high speed processing requirements that necessitate the cost prohibitive enhanced
hardware. A review of embedded control fuzzy logic applications indicates a preference for
16-bit architectures; devoting significant processing resources for fuzzification, rule
application, and defuzzification. While faithful to the foundations of fuzzy logic control,
processor demand can limit a controller’s ability to handle peripheral I/O interfaces. This paper
describes a generic, hybrid approach suitable for unenhanced 8-bit microcontrollers and
adaptable to most single input, single output systems. A motor speed application with real-time
I/O interface provides proof of concept performance data and highlights limitations.

36.Real Time Processing of ECG Signal on Mobile Embedded Monitoring Stations

The paper presents a problem of Real Time processing of ECG signal from patients by mobile
embedded monitoring stations. Two ECG measurement devices were used in real tests. A two
ECG channel bipolar ECG CorBelt and a 12 channels ECG device BlueECG. Both devices are
products from CorScience Company. Due to a problem of processing a 12 channels ECG from
ECG device by Bluetooth to mobile stations, the problem of packet parsing was discussed and
two possible solutions were focused on. Another important part in biomedical data processing
is visualization. A Windows Presentation Foundation solution was presented and tested.
Mobile embedded monitoring stations are based on Microsoft Windows Mobile operating
system. The whole system is based on the architecture of .NET Framework, .NET Compact
Framework, .NET Micro Framework and Microsoft SQL Server. The project was successfully
tested in real environment in cryogenic room (-136OC).

37.A Novel Distributed Bus bar Protection for Digital Substation

For the digital substation based on IEC61850 communication standards, this paper presents a
novel scheme of distributed busbar protection. According to the technical characteristics of
digital substation, the configuration of distributed busbar protection without central unit is
constructed; the requirements of data communication between merging units (MU) and
distributed busbar protection units are analyzed and the process bus based on Ethernet is
designed; last, the percentage differential algorithm for distributed busbar protection is
introduced. Analysis shows that the proposed scheme is a simple, high reliable and feasible
distributed busbar protection for digital substation.
38.Programmable Aging Sensor for Automotive Safety-Critical Applications

Electronic systems for safety-critical automotive applications must operate for many years in
harsh environments. Reliability issues are worsening with device scaling down, while
performance and quality requirements are increasing. One of the key reliability issues is long-
term performance degradation due to aging. For safe operation, aging monitoring should be
performed on chip, namely using built-in aging sensors (activated from time to time). The
purpose of this paper is to present a novel programmable nanometer aging sensor. The
proposed aging sensor allows several levels of circuit failure prediction and exhibits low
sensitivity to PVT (Process, power supply Voltage and Temperature) variations. Simulation
results with a 65 nm sensor design are presented, that ascertain the usefulness of the proposed
solution

39.Microcontroller Based Pulse Oximeter for Undergraduate Capstone Design

Pulse oximeters are used worldwide as a non-intrusive way to monitor a patient's pulse and
blood-oxygen saturation instantaneously. The purpose of this design is to examine the
possibility of using a simple microcontroller to measure pulse and blood-oxygen saturation in
real time, as well as the level of difficulty and learning curve associated with assigning such a
task as a senior capstone design project. The circuit consists of a PIC18F452 microcontroller,
transistor network, photoplethysmogram amplifier (PPG), pulse oximeter probe, digital-to-
analog converter (DAC), and an LCD screen to display results. Software is written in C++ for
the microprocessor, which supports a limited C syntax. The project requires various
engineering proficiencies such as signal processing, programming, circuitry, and
microprocessors. Overall, the project is a good introduction to medical instrumentation and
capstone design for undergraduate biomedical and electrical engineers.

40.An Intelligent System on Water Quality Remote Monitor and

Water Bloom Prediction

An intelligent system on water quality GPRS remote monitor and water bloom prediction
based on neural network are proposed in this paper, which can realize the automatic real-time
monitor for the change of water quality and via the prediction by neural network for water
bloom, thereby solve the lagging state of water quality monitor and the problem of water
bloom prediction at present.
41.Development of Remote Waste Gas Monitor System

In order to effectively supervise factory chimney waste gas circumstance, a kind of remote
waste gas monitor system is designed, with the ARM as its core controller, collects the
chimney pollutant indexes consisting of exhaust particulate, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides as
well as nitrogen oxides through different gas sensors, and takes advantage of Global
Positioning System(GPS) to obtain the chimney position accurately, after that, the information
it collects is transmitted to the center control computer via GSM or the complete public
switched telephone network. Moreover, in order to provide the environment protection
departments convenience in supervising factories making little environmental pollution, the
system also uses Global System for Mobile Communications wireless transmission way in
which it alarms when the collected data exceeds the national standards. All the real-time data is
not only transmitted by the public switched telephone network or GSM system to the core
computer, but also stored into SD memorycard through SPI interface. Practical run shows that
the system is well realized the function of GPS positioning, remote data transmission,
exceeding-standard-alarming, and data storage, and the precision of system is no higher than
2.5 percent.

42.Rapid Prototyping Platform for Robotics Applications

For the past several years, a team in the Department of Electrical Engineering (EE), National
Chung Cheng University, Taiwan, has been establishing a pedagogical approach to embody
embedded systems in the context of robotics. To alleviate the burden on students in the
robotics curriculum in their junior and senior years, a training platform on embedded systems
with co-design in hardware and software has been developed and fabricated as a supplement
for these students. This general-purpose platform has several advantages over commercial
training kits for embedded systems. For instance, the programming layer has been brought
onto an open-source platform ported by Linux and µC/OS-II such that it is mostly hardware-
independent. Meanwhile, in addition to linking to fundamental library functions provided for
robotics, users can program the codes not only in C language, but also through visual
programming by means of a graphic interface developed along with the platform, allowing
users to concentrate on higher-level robot function design. In other words, the platform
facilitates rapid prototyping in robotics design. Meanwhile, a tailored laboratory manual
associated with the platform has been designed and used in classes. Based on assessments and
evaluation on the students who have completed this course, the curricular training is
satisfactory and largely meets the requirements established at the design stage.
43.An Integrated Network of Roadside Sensors and Vehicles for Driving Safety: Concept,
Design and Experiments

One major goal of the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET ) is to improve driving safety.
However, the VANET may not guarantee timely detection of dangerous road conditions or
maintain communication connectivity when the network density is low (e.g., in rural
highways), which may pose as a big threat to driving safety. Towards addressing the problem,
we propose to integrate the VA NET with the inexpensive wireless sensor network (WSN). T
hat is, sensor nodes are deployed along the roadside to sense road conditions, and to buffer and
deliver information about dangerous conditions to vehicles regardless of the density or
connectivity of the VANET. Along with the concept of VANET-WSN integration, new
challenges arise and should be addressed. In this paper, we investigate these challenges and
propose schemes for effective and efficient vehicle-sensor and sensor-sensor interactions.
Prototype of the designed system has been implemented and tested in the field. Extensive
simulations have also been conducted to evaluate the designed schemes. T he results
demonstrate various design tradeoffs, and indicate that satisfactory safety and energy
efficiency can be achieved simultaneously when system parameters are appropriately chosen.

44.Low-sensitivity to Process Variations Aging Sensor for

Automotive Safety-Critical Applications

In this paper, circuit failure prediction by timing degradation is used to monitor semiconductor
aging, which is a safety-critical problem in the automotive market. Reliability and variability
issues are worsening with device scaling down. For safe operation, we propose on-chip, on-
line aging monitoring. A novel aging sensor (to be selectively inserted in key locations in the
design and to be activated from time to time) is proposed. The aging sensor is a programmable
delay sensor, allowing decision-making for several degrees of severity in the aging process. It
detects abnormal delays, regardless of their origin. Hence, it can uncover “normal” aging
(namely, due to NBTI) and delay faults due to physical defects activated by long circuit
operation. The proposed aging sensor has been optimized to exhibit low sensitivity to PVT
(Process, power supply Voltage and Temperature) variations. Moreover, the area overhead of
the new architecture is significantly less than the one of other aging sensors presented in the
literature. Simulation results with a 65 nm sensor design are presented, ascertaining its
usefulness and its low sensitivity, in particular to process variations.
45.The water quality emergency monitoring system based on GIS and RS for urban
drinking water source

With more and more serious problem on water pollution, it is significant to monitor the water
quality and get to know the trend of the water quality change for water source management and
water environment protection. Urban drinking water source quality monitoring system is based
on GIS and remote sensing technology. This relatively integrated system comprises water
source quality information receiving and collection and emergency response. By the
integration of database and model-base, the system can receive and collect upto- data
information about flood from RS monitoring and routine observation. In application of image
processing and information amalgamation, the change of water source qualtiy can be rapidly
confim spatially and temporally, which can provide sicentific methods to experts for them to
manage and make corresponding policy.

46.Animal Situation Tracking Service Using RFID, GPS, and Sensors

With the technology of sensor, RFID, and GPS, many researches are recently being carried out
on monitoring animal behavior and interactions with the environment. Plus, the technology is
applicable to develop new zoological systems for animal traceability, identification, and anti-
theft. Yet, there is a lack of studies of providing zoos with intelligent animal tracking and
management services based on RFID, GPS, and sensors. Accordingly, in this paper, we
propose an intelligent animal situation tracking service for zoological gardens, based on GPS,
RFID, and sensors. Firstly, we present a service scenario of animal situation tracking and
introduce the tracking system configuration. The proposed system can provide real-time
animal situation information such as the current location, bodily temperature, and pictures.
Plus, it can track the animals based on the information even when they escape their cages.
Next, we design and implement a prototype of the proposed animal situation tracking system.
47.Data Collection and Monitoring using Cellular Wireless Network: GSM

Due to the rapid expansion of road and highway system around the world, there is a growing
demand to monitor vehicle traffic patterns and road status by jurisdictional agencies charged
with maintaining roads and ensuring the safety and usability of various highways within their
jurisdictions. The feasibility of performing effective monitoring relies on cost, complexity and
scalability of the traffic monitoring system. These factors are largely determined by the
communication method between the monitoring system devices.

This paper presents a novel application that uses commercially available wireless protocols
coupled with Internet Protocol (IP) to integrate traffic counters placed at different locations
with the State of Oklahoma. The system uses commercial cellular networks as its transport
medium for communication with the traffic control. The system has been tested and deployed
since July 2007 by Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT).
48.Embedded Programmable Web-based ECG Monitoring & Detection System Using a
Fast Algorithm
This paper presents the design of a complete portable package for a low cost embedded
programmable ECG measurement and monitoring system implemented by a fast algorithm in
detecting ECG characteristics points. This proposed system is expected to monitor the
electrical activity of heart of the patient under critical care more conveniently and accurately
for diagnosing which can be interfaced with computer to bring it under a network system
widely for the doctor to monitor the patient’s condition sitting in his own office without being
physically present near to the patient’s bed.

49.Research on Monitoring System of Aquiculture with

Multi-environmental Factors

In view of the importance of water quality in Aquaculture, this paper designs an environmental
factors monitoring system. The whole system is comprised of two parts: one is PC, which acts
as a host computer; the other one is a slave computer, whose core is AT89S51 microcontroller.
Slave computer has data collecting module, data storing module, control module, power
module, display module, etc. The slave computer is a a close-loop control system, so that, it
can individually accomplish environment factors measurement. The wireless communication
module is used to transfer data between host computer and slave computer. This system can
realize tele control of the aquaculture environment factors. With the help of expert system, the
system can achieve real-time monitoring, data collection, display and storage and so on. User
can obtain breeding information in different ways and different species of breeding from the
expert system. So as to realize Energy saving, Lower cost and increase output, etc.

50.Accelerometer based transportation mode recognition on mobile phones

Recognizing the transportation modes of people’s daily living is an important research issue in
the pervasive computing. Prior research in this field mainly uses Global Positioning System
(GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or their combination with
accelerometer to recognize transportation modes, such as walking, driving, etc. In this paper,
we will introduce transportation mode recognition on mobile phones only using embedded
accelerometer. In order to deal with uncertainty of position and orientation of mobile phone,
acceleration synthesization based method and acceleration decomposition based method are
introduced. Performance comparison indicates that acceleration synthesization based method
outperforms acceleration decomposition based method. We will discuss the factors affect the
recognition accuracy of acceleration decomposition based method and present potential
improvements.
51.An automatic soil pore-water salinity sensor based on a wetting front detector
The recent development of wetting-front detectors has provided a low-energy method of
collecting transient samples of soil water under irrigation and rainfall conditions. A simple
four-electrode conductivity sensor is presented for the automatic logging of soil water salinity
extracted from the wetting front during that part of the irrigation cycle when accumulated salts
in a crop root-zone are being mobilized under gravitational flows. The conductance of the
platinum-on-ceramic cell is measured with an AC square-wave driven by a pair of micropower
operational amplifiers whose rectified ground current acts as the DC signal proportional to
electrical conductivity (EC). A 1:200 current mirror reflects this signal into a simple
chargebalance 16-bit ADC bridge formed by a single op-amp acting in conjunction with the
internal comparator of a low-cost microcontroller. Similarly, the platinum temperature sensor
on the conductivity cell forms an integral part of a second 16- bit charge-balance ADC in
conjunction with a 1 mA current source. No instrumentation amplifier is required. The
temperature coefficients of both the saline solution and the sensor circuit are picked up in the
calibration process to produce an accurate temperature-corrected EC25 digital output that can
be collected automatically by a data logger via the SDI-12 environmental data bus. Field data
for a two month period are presented in comparison to an automated vacuum sampling system,
with reasonable agreement.

52.A Mobile GPRS-Sensors Array for Air Pollution Monitoring

An online GPRS-Sensors Array for air pollution monitoring has been designed, implemented,
and tested. The proposed system consists of a Mobile Data-Acquisition Unit (Mobile-DAQ)
and a fixed Internet-Enabled Pollution Monitoring Server (Pollution-Server). The Mobile-
DAQ unit integrates a single-chip microcontroller, air pollution sensors array, a General Packet
Radio Service Modem (GPRS-Modem), and a Global Positioning System Module (GPS-
Module). The Pollution-Server is a high-end personal computer application server with
Internet connectivity. The Mobile-DAQ unit gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2),
and packs them in a frame with the GPS physical location, time, and date. The frame is
subsequently uploaded to the GPRS-Modem and transmitted to the Pollution-Server via the
public mobile network. A database server is attached to the Pollution- Server for storing the
pollutants level for further usage by various clients such as environment protection agencies,
vehicles registration authorities, and tourist and insurance companies. The Pollution-Server is
interfaced to Google Maps to display real-time pollutants levels and locations in large
metropolitan areas. The system was successfully tested in the city of Sharjah, UAE. The
system reports real-time pollutants level and their location on a 24-h/7-day basis.

53.The use GSM and Web Based SCADA for monitoring Fault Passage Indicators

GSM communications and Web Based Telemetry have allowed Liander to deploy a large
population of Fault Passage Indicators across their network, integrating the data with their
Energy Management System, to effectively reduce the number of customer minutes lost.
54.Research on Long-Range and Metering Reading for Water Meter Based on GPRS
A kind of long-range and centralized automatic metering reading for water meter system is
designed. The function of the GPRS network meter reading and the USB centralized meter
reading are accomplished by the M23 GPRS module and the C8051F340 single chip micro-
controller. The system is composed of water meter, data collector, concentrator and administer
computer. The data of water consumption which will be converted into pulse signals are
collected by the water meter, and these
pulse signals are disposed by the data collector which can use RS-485 communication with
concentrator, water user's machine can be controlled when the upper instructions are received
by the way of controlling the electromotion valves. The Concentrator plays an important role
in data transit
and bus segregation. A USB interface is set up in the concentrator in order to avoid the failure
of GPRS network, and the staff can copy the datas by computer or hand-written. The
administer computer can manage the user's purchase of water and control the user's machine by
sending specific instructions.
55.Development of a Hardware in-the-Loop Platform for Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicles
To evaluate the system dynamics and verify the control strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric
vehicle (PHEV), this paper studied the techniques for developing a real-time PHEV simulator
and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. For PHEV modeling, a graphical program was
constructed. Subsystems of a PHEV include: driving cycles, driver’s behavior, the SI engine,
the traction motor, the high-power lithium battery, the Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), the
transmission, the longitudinal vehicle dynamics, etc. have been introduced and combined to
form a complete PHEV model. Next, to verify the strategy of the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU),
a HIL environment needs to be established. A host PC is utilized to download real-time models
and supervising the chosen parameters. A target simulator operates the model in real time due
to its superior computational efficiency. A rapidprototyping controller executes the control
strategy online to examine the accuracy and detect logical errors. Ultimately, the real-time
PHEV dynamics as well as the VCU control strategy are able to be simulated in this PHEV
HIL platform online.

56.An agent based approach for balancing commuter Traffic

Transport congestion within cities represents an omnipresent yet increasingly serious problem.
Traditionally the main method of control available to combat it has been the efficient control of
traffic lights. The recent rise of intelligent mobile devices carried by road users offers an
additional point of control, potentially enabling the manipulation of the routes that people take
within the city. The current paper combines the use of such devices with intelligent agents
representing different transport segments within the city, including roads, trams, busses and
trains. It fuses them in a novel technique which attempts to evenly spread the traffic load
throughout the different transport options within the city. In addition the system is capable of
rebalancing this load dynamically in response to any events which reduce the capacity of a
given transport segment within the city. The system complements the existing work on traffic
light control.
57.Typical Problems and Solutions in Electrochemical Measurement Cell Development

In this work we present typical problems and solutions concerning the development of
prototyping electrochemical measurement cells for biosensoric applications. The influences of
unwanted effects are discussed such as 1) the variation of gold thin film working electrode
surface areas due to the technological inaccuracy of the laser ablation electrode patterning; 2)
the variation of the working electrode areas exposed to the electrolyte due to the inaccurate
positioning of the fluidic cell and 3) the electrolyte evaporation in the case of open
measurement cells. Pilot design plans of a new electrochemical measurement platform
fabricated by 3D Rapid Prototyping Technology (RPT) are also presented.

58.A Policy-Based Multi-Agent management approach for Intelligent Traffic-Light

Control

In this paper we propose the application of intelligent agents in traffic-lights, for the road
control of urban transit in the city of Colima, México; using a multi-agent approach for
dynamic urban traffic-lights system coordination that relies on locally available traffic data and
the traffic condition of the neighboring intersections. According to this approach, our system
consists of agents distributed into a hierarchical architecture. Each agent is responsible for one
activity, for example, traffic data collection, preprocessing of these data and decision making
of reconfiguration of the traffic-lights controllers. An intelligent algorithm based on the policy
management model is defined and used as an auxiliary element for the coordination
mechanism in order to form an adaptive control system with learning capabilities that allows a
more fluid traffic and reduce some of the problems that the society face such as the average
wait time and trip travel time and the average size queue per intersection. We define a model
based on configuration profiles that are used as initial configurations and new configuration
profiles are created as the traffic conditions change. Our approach is experimented with traffic
control of a few connected junctions and the result obtained is promising; it can reduce the
average delayed time of each car at each traffic-light near an intersection rather substantially
when compared with the current traffic-lights control approach.

59.Performance Test of Multiplatform Real Time Processing of Biomedical Signals

The paper deal with a problem of a data collecting and visualization of several biomedical
signals from patients by mobile embedded monitoring stations. Measurement devices were
used in real tests. Due to a problem of real time processing a 12 channels ECG from ECG
device by Bluetooth to mobile stations, packet parsing as the one problem part of data
processing chain, is presented and solved by two possible solutions. Mobile embedded
monitoring stations are based on Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. The whole
system is based on the architecture of .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework, .NET
Micro Framework and Microsoft SQL Server.
60.Smart Orchard Soil Moisture Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication
Technology

This system cored with a low power consumption mode of the MSP430F149 is equipped with
a water content reflectometers, a automatic solar power supply module, GSM wireless
asynchronous module, flow sensor module, Solenoid valves etc. to realize the functions of the
orchard soil data’s remote transmission and automatic precise irrigation. When achieved the
lower limit of soil moisture in the collection process, the Collection terminal uses the long-
range wireless communications technology to send the humidity data collected by SMS to the
user's phone to warm through the GSM module. On the actual situation, the users can reply by
phone, and then the controller detects users’ command, finally uses fuzzy control technology
for precise irrigation. Through the practical operation, it shows that the system is reliable and
stable and remotes Human-Computer Interaction and precise irrigation. Also it meets the actual
needs of a wide range of the orchard area’s cabling inconvenience. Compared to manual
irrigation methods, it saves 20% to 30% of the water and tests results significantly.

61.Predictive Error Detection by On-line Aging Monitoring

The purpose of this paper is to present a predictive error detection methodology, based on
monitoring of long-term performance degradation of semiconductor systems. Delay variation
is used to sense timing degradation due to aging (namely, due to NBTI), or to physical defects
activated by long lifetime operation, which may occur in safety-critical systems (automotive,
health, space). Error is prevented by detecting critical paths abnormal (but not fatal)
propagation delays. A monitoring procedure and a programmable aging sensor are proposed.
The sensor is selectively inserted in key locations in the design and can be activated either on
user’s requirement, or at pre-defined situations (e.g., at power-up). The sensor is optimized to
exhibit low sensitivity to PVT (Process, power supply Voltage and Temperature) variations.
Sensor limitations are analysed. A new sensor architecture and a sensor insertion algorithm are
proposed. Simulation results are presented with a ST 65 nm sensor design.

62The Design of Intelligent Monitor and Control System of Aquaculture Based on

Wireless Sensor Networks

A intelligent monitor and control system on multifactor of aquaculture environment based on

wireless sensor networks is designed adopting BP neural networks. The system uses wireless
sensor nodes to detect a variety of water quality parameters transmitted to the on-site
monitoring host computer through sink node wirelessly. The control module consists of fuzzy
controller and decoupling neural network without the need of environmental model
identification. Remote monitoring and control computer using GPRS wireless communication
technology allows remote data collection and monitoring of aquaculture to achieve intelligent
control and information sharing.
63.Ethernet-Based Nitrite Ion Concentration Detection System

The detection of nitrite ion concentration is an important parameter of water quality testing.
The nitrite ion concentration detection system based on Ethernet is designed to realise accurate
and remote measurement of nitrite ion concentration. The intelligent detection node consists of
electrochemical three-electrode sensor, optimizing design of constant potential detection
circuit, MCU MSP430 processor and SD card to realize accurate measurement and data
storage. On system Gateway which is an Ethernet gateway with the core of ARM9 processor,
typical data network Ethernet is used to construct intelligent nodes network, the embedded
Web server is constructed successfully with transplanting TCP/IP protocol stack on the real-
time operating system LINUX, so nitrite ion concentration on-line monitoring and reliable
storage and remote transmission is realized.

640The Lake Water Bloom Intelligent Prediction Method And Water Quality Remote
Monitoring System

According to the lagging state of water quality monitoring and problems of difficulty to predict
water bloom, one water bloom prediction method based on grey-BP neural network is
proposed and a system on water environmental remote monitoring and water bloom early
warning based on GPRS wireless communication technology is built, which can obtain the
automatic real-time monitoring information for the change of water quality and occurrence of
water bloom, then provide a kind of efficient and practical system for water environment
control.

65.Software Solutions for Implementation of Biotelemetric System

This paper describes development of a bio telemetric system and problem of real time
processing of ECG signal. In this case of signal processing ECG CorBelt primarily on mobile
embedded monitoring stations. The Whole system is based on Microsoft product as Windows
Mobile, Microsoft SQL Server, .NET Micro Framework, .NET Compact Framework and .NET
Framework. On paper is deal with ECG measurement devices and there are evaluated pasted
real tests. Problem in processing of ECG signal is quantity of transfered data. Commercial
mobile devices can’t processing this data on Real Time. Our paper are described possibilities
of parsing of this ECG signal. Visualization of data is solved by small user friendly
application created in WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) and Silverlight application.
This application was created in development environment Microsoft Expression Blend and was
subjected to stress tests. This application and tests results are presented too.
66.A Low Cost Microcontroller Implementation of Neural Network Based
Hurdle Avoidance Controller for a Car-Like Robot

Abstract:
This paper describes the implementation of a neural network based hurdle avoidance
controller for a car like robot using a low cost single chip 89C52 microcontroller. The neural
network is the multilayer feed-forward network with back propagation training algorithm. The
network is trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is
implemented in real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function.
Results have shown that up-to twenty neurons in hidden layer can be deployed with the
proposed technique using a single 89C52 microcontroller. The vehicle is tested in various
environments containing obstacles and is found to avoid obstacles in its path successfully.

67.A Performance Comparison of Energy Conservation between Idle Mode

and Power Down Mode for Microcontroller in Wireless Mobile Node

Abstract:

In the regular of wireless network, conserving energy is important to extending the lifetime
of mobile nodes and network. The goal of this paper is investigated the comparison of energy
conservation between idle mode and power down mode based on the microcontroller. The
LWM-433H wireless module is applied with the microcontroller. The operation of idle mode
and power down mode are controlling the energy supply while the data transmission only.
Based on experiment, the data transmission of wireless node is every 5 minutes, 15 minutes
and 30 minutes at the transmission range is 65 meters. The time of each transmission
successfully at 0.33 seconds that the frame size is 10 bytes, the battery is 12V2.6Ah. The result
shows that the energy conservation of microcontroller in power down mode is more than idle
mode by up to 14.59 percents, 14.64 percents and 14.65 percents, respectively. In addition, the
battery lifetime in mobile node is 89.55 hours, 89.62 hours and 89.64 hours. The result can be
explained, the power down mode that is stop the operation of an oscillator circuit while the idle
mode closes the internal clock signal only. The result may be applied for some mobile
application and support working with lifetime such as wireless mobile node, etc.
68.An Intelligent Road Traffic Control System

Abstract:

This paper reveals the use of a microcontroller to optimize timing plans according to traffic
conditions in realtime. The control system is designed to be able to optimize the traffic flow
using several kinds of strategies, which are green time split and time slot, green time extension,
and offset optimization strategy and the transfer of data related to local conditions to a network
control base. This provides diversity in control and shows how several control strategies can be
used and switched over to provide best control. The solution is cost-effective too employing
minimum number of sensors. Keywords- Intelligent Traffic Control System (ITCS),
Microcontroller, Network base, Timing Matrix

69.Data Transmission System of an Optically Steered Modulated Laser Beam

Abstract:

The main goal of this project is to develop and implement a prototype optical transmission
system supporting point-to-point communication link. A free space
laser link and a plastic fiber link have been designed and implemented in this present work.
Both links have been tested with two data source systems: “PC as a host” and “PIC as a host”
by asynchronous serial transmission. Since any serial data from either host is represented by
turning the laser bean on for a one and off for a zero, visible red laser diode is the heart of this
project. Just up to the maximum speed of serial port that can be offered, 115200 bps, has been
tested and is reliable at distances of 30 feet. As a result of this work, wireless laser system was
designed and can be used as a direct link between adjacent buildings whereas plastic fiber link
in short range communication network architecture without EMI, impossible direct
interception and the transmission can be detected by no instrument. Any information in all
types of files and any images can successfully transfer by Hyper Terminal and self-developed
software through those links.
70.Design of Synchronous Sampling System Based on ATT7022C
Abstract:
Higher and higher demands of power quality detection are asked approach to the further
demand to understanding of power quality. Moreover, harmonics in the grid is detected how
fast and synchronous appears especially important. An approach to detect harmonics is
presented in this paper. The design is mainly composed of a single ATT7022C chip and a
microcontroller. Working principle is introduced firstly. Then the structure of the system is
discussed. A software design approach of data acquisition, based on the chip ATT7022C and
low cost DSP TMS320F2812 (F2812), is given in this paper. This design is given to verify fast
speed, high detection accuracy and poor calculation.
71.Design of the Temperature Control System of Solar Cell Lamination
Machine
Abstract:
The temperature control is the key step in the laminating process of solar cell lamination
machine. The traditional controlling method is PLC temperature control. The method being
used has some shortages such as high price, low control precision, and so on. In order to
improve the control precision and its performance-price ratio, a new control system taking the
double microcontroller (MCU) as its core is introduced in this paper. Based upon the system,
the expert PID was designed to adjust the requirements of the temperature control. The method
can adjust the temperature parameters and establish an accurate laminating temperature under
the condition of changing temperature and different control targets. The practical operation
results show that the controller has a better robustness and a higher control precision. In
addition, it can adapt to an external changing condition, and has a strong anti-jamming
capability.

72.Designing Switching System for AC Powered Appliances Using

Microcontroller
Abstract:
This paper describes the first phase of the development process of this project. There are
two phases involve in this research work. In the first phase, PROTUES simulation tools were
used to design, study and analyze the proposed research work. Results from the simulation will
be use as reference to re-design and develop the real-time hardware-based system. In the
second phase, the hardware will be developed based on the study and analysis carried out in
the first phase. The developed hardware will be integrated to a stand-alone source powered via
photovoltaic technology. This will be an added advantage to this system because it will be able
to operate without having to connect to the electrical network system. Furthermore, the system
is integrated to light dependent resistance and negative temperature coefficient sensors to
automatically operate the system based on the sensors characteristics.
73.Development of Ultrasonic Wave Testing System Based on Virtual
Instrument

Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of traditional nondestructive testing, Ultrasonic testing system based
on Virtual Instrument was designed.The hardware platform is the signal source which is based
on microcontroller, and the HS4 data acquisition card by USB bus. The software platform
adopting the LabVIEW to program, using the multithread to acquire all kinds of signal by real-
time. The nondestructive feature was found by using the numeric filter and joint time domain
analysis. The designed system have been used to the pipe inspection of some company, which
is stable and can achieve an anticipant effect.
74.DYNAMIC ACOUSTIC for DUMB USING EMBEDDED INTERFACE
(DADEI)

Abstract:

In this materialistic world, we often are worried about our daily routines and duties. We
speak, communicate, travel to different places for different purposes. But, just imagine the
plight of people who are dumb. How will they convey what they want, to people? Even if these
people try to convey something we are not patient enough to listen. Our embedded base acts as
a solution to this problem. When we produce sound from our mouth, there are vibrations
produced in the vocal chords. The dumb produce sound that does not mean any sense in
technical terms, the output is distorted. Our system is fixed at the lower jaw so as to sense
these vibrations with an acoustic plate. Each sound made by the dumb person is
Encoded/Decoded appropriately and the corresponding output is compared to a reference
threshold that is stored in the microcontroller. Based on the output in the previous step a
predefined voice for each signal is interpreted and given via a speaker which is integrated in
the device. Thus, interpreting the distorted noise signals of the dumb person into a suitable
predefined voice signal. Thus we have attempted to solve a very sensitive issue in this venture.
We hope our system will act as a crucial crusader in the ocean of problems faced by the dumb
people
75.Embedded Microcontroller-Based Sealing Synchronization Scheme for
Continuous Automatic F/F/S Packaging Machines

Abstract:
It has been proved through the study of continuous automatic Form/Fill/Seal packaging
machine that the final outlook quality of the package pouch is largely depended on the precise
coordination between vertical seal drawing movement and horizontal non-constant speed
rotation movement, i.e. to ensure the vertical seal drawing speed is the same with the linear
speed of the horizontal seal rotation at the moment of the sealing operation. Currently the
mechanical non-constant speed transmission is still the mainstream device to implement this
coordination. In this paper we investigate the problems existed in such systems and propose a
new embedded microcontroller-based sealing control to coordinate the working between
vertical and horizontal sealing systems. We discuss the physical design and mathematical
model to show how it can simplify the current mechanical transmission systems and improve
the stability and reliability of the packaging machine. New embedded microcontroller-based
sealing synchronization control also can ensure the accurate seal and cut position and satisfy
the requirement of high-speed packaging to greatly improve the quality and also productivity
of the production as what has been testified in some industrial applications. It also has the
ability to automatically adjust the horizontal sealing cycle according to the pouch size.
76.Embedded Programmable Web-based ECG Monitoring & etection System
Using a Fast Algorithm
Abstract:

This paper presents the design of a complete portable package for a low cost embedded
programmable ECG measurement and monitoring system implemented by a fast algorithm in
detecting ECG characteristics points. This proposed system is expected to monitor the
electrical activity of heart of the patient under critical care more conveniently and accurately
for diagnosing which can be interfaced with computer to bring it under a network system
widely for the doctor to monitor the patient’s condition sitting in his own office without being
physically present near to the patient’s bed.

77.Fabrication of Microcontroller Based Multipurpose Measuring system

with Inbuilt Data Acquisition

Abstract:
The designed measuring system is a low cost, flexible, portable Holter which can be used for
long time Continuous Monitoring. Here in this paper, the designed system is implemented for
impedance measurement and is based upon the principle that when the fixed input current is
fed to the cross section of object, corresponding output voltage can be obtained which further
leads to determine the conductivity of the region of that object. These measured impedance
changes are especially utilized in biomedical field viz Electrical Impedance Tomography,
Respiratory measurement, Brain Activity analysis, Pneumography etc. Further data acquisition
software is also developed in VB to capture data points in PC. The designed system is tested
on various conducting models under different current patterns and frequency. The observed
values are found suitable according to the experiment

78.Features of interface of microcontroller and computer through USB

Abstract:

in these theses is presented the ways of development of USB interface between computers
and microcontrollers and the advantages of application of this technology, meeting
requirements of users and operators of services. The article describe Library of V-USB and
possibilities of USB/RS232 converter
79.Microcontroller Based Low Cost Controlled Rectifiers Training Module
for Power Electronics Laboratory

Abstract:

The junior level Power Electronics Lab is an important component of Electrical

Engineering curriculum at University of The Punjab, Lahore. It serves to familiarize the
students with the design simulation and analysis of power electronic converters. In this paper,
design and implementation of a low cost microcontroller based controlled rectifier training
module for single-phase system to be utilized in Power Electronics Lab is presented. The
module comprises of various units. The first unit is zero crossing detector followed by the
pulse shifting unit, pulse shaping unit, pulse isolation unit, thyristor unit, diode unit, load unit,
current sense unit, voltage sense unit and finally rpm sense unit. Various experiments are
designed to study the different configurations of the controlled rectifiers. These configurations
include half converter, semi converter, full converter, dual converter, series semi converter
and series full converter. Some types of AC voltage controllers can also be studied. This
system may readily be extended to study three phase-controlled rectifiers

80.Microcontroller Based Pulse Oximeter for Undergraduate Capstone

Design

Abstract:

Pulse oximeters are used worldwide as a non-intrusive way to monitor a patient's pulse and
blood-oxygen saturation instantaneously. The purpose of this design is to examine the
possibility of using a simple microcontroller to measure pulse and blood-oxygen saturation in
real time, as well as the level of difficulty and learning curve associated with assigning such a
task as a senior capstone design project. The circuit consists of a PIC18F452 microcontroller,
transistor network, photoplethysmogram amplifier (PPG), pulse oximeter probe, digital-to-
analog converter (DAC), and an LCD screen to display results. Software is written in C++ for
the microprocessor, which supports a limited C syntax. The project requires various
engineering proficiencies such as signal processing, programming, circuitry, and
microprocessors. Overall, the project is a good introduction to medical instrumentation and
capstone design for undergraduate biomedical and electrical engineers
81.Microcontroller-Based Two-Axis Solar Tracking System

Abstract:

The main goal of this project is to develop and implement a prototype of two-axis solar
tracking system based on a PIC microcontroller. The parabolic reflector or parabolic dish is
constructed around two feed diameter to capture the sun’s energy. The focus of the parabolic
reflector is theoretically calculated down to an infinitesimally small point to get extremely high
temperature. This two axis auto-tracking system has also been constructed using PIC 16F84A
microcontroller. The assembly programming language is used to interface the PIC with two-
axis solar tracking system. The temperature at the focus of the parabolic reflector is measured
with temperature probes. This auto-tracking system is controlled with two 12V, 6W DC gear
box motors. The five light sensors (LDR) are used to track the sun and to start the operation
(Day/Night operation). Time Delays are used for stepping the motor and reaching the original
position of the reflector. The two-axis solar tracking system is constructed with both hardware
and software implementations. The designs of the gear and the parabolic reflector are carefully
considered and precisely calculated.

82.Research and design of intelligent temperature control system

Abstract:
The principle and functions of the intelligent temperature control system based on
Microcontroller AT89S51 are studied, and the temperature measurement unit consists of the 1-
Wire bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20. The system can be expected to detect the preset
temperature, to display time, to save and print monitoring data. An alarm will be given by
system if the temperature exceeds the upper and lower limit value of the temperature which
can be set discretionarily and then automatic control is achieved, thus the temperature is
achieved monitoring intelligently within a certain range. Basing on principle of the system, it is
easy to make a variety of other non-linear control systems so long as the software design is
reasonably changed. The system has been proved to be accurate, reliable and satisfied through
field practice

83.Two Microcntrollers Interaction Using C

Abstract—
This paper studied about microcontrollers interaction using RS232 as a communication tool
and C to programming the interaction. PIC18F4520 will be used in this prototype and MPLAB
as a software tool. Before run it into the real hardware, some simulation must be done to make
sure all the hardware connection and software writing is correct. Proteus 7.1 has been used for
the simulation purpose. The result shows that interaction between microcontrollers can be done
using those entire gadgets.
84.Wireless Measurement and Control System for Environmental
Parameters in Greenhouse

Abstract –
According to the environmental parameters monitoring requirements in greenhouse, a
wireless measurement and control system for temperature and humidity is developed. It
overcomes the disadvantages of wired monitoring system, such as complicated wiring, and
difficult maintenance. The environmental parameters in every greenhouse were measured and
controlled by microcontroller. The hardware and software of the monitoring system are
discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the developed monitoring system has
the following features, such as simple structure, high reliability, good extensibility and flexible
configuration. It can control and adjust automatically the environmental parameters in every
greenhouse, and has project practicality and vendibility

85.A novel approach of maximizing energy harvesting in photovoltaic systems

based on bisection search theorem

Abstract—
This paper presents a new approach of maximizing energy harvesting in photovoltaic (PV)
systems using bisection search theorem (BST). The fundamental of the BST and its application
into maximum power point tracker (MPPT) in PV systems are described. A microcontroller is
used to control a DC/DC boost converter to realize the MPPT function. Experimental results
from solar array simulator show that the proposed technique can track maximum power point
very fast within a few steps. The feasibility of the proposed MPPT is also verified in natural
environment condition with two solar modules in parallel. Since the proposed technique is
simple in computation, cheap in implementation and fast in tracking, it is expected to be
widely used to replace conventional MPPT techniques in PV systems
86.Adding New Functions to the Remote Airfield Lighting System
Abstract—
There are many remote airfields that are not connected to the power grid. Providing adequate
lighting to these airfields is necessary and challenging. The Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) has sponsored a research project, Remote Airfield Lighting Systems (RALS), through
the Center for General Aviation Research (CGAR). The findings from the RALS research
specified a light that had low power needs and a color/intensity to meet the requirements for
airfield identification and landing. To make these lights more appropriate to wide spread
applications, the research team is conducting an exemplary operational test. In this paper, we
discuss the new functions added to these lights for the operational test, including both
automatically/remotely switching on/off the lights and smart charging of the batteries using
solar panels under the control of a microcontroller. In addition, we consider future new
functions such as low cost pilot controlled lighting as well as wireless networking for health
monitoring and controlling of the lighting system. These new functions can greatly improve
the convenience of the usage of RALS while vkeeping the same low cost.
87.Design and Built of on - Load Fully Electronic Tap-Changer with Triac
Switch: Simulation and Practical Results

Abstract:

This paper, introduces a new solid-state on – load Tap-changer that has four steps. One of the
main requirements of any electrical system is that it should provide a voltage to the consumer
which remains within closely defined limits regardless of the loading on the system. Industrial
equipment such as speed drives, electronic and control systems are sensitive to voltage
variation and affected by bad power quality and poor power factor. Voltage dips can cause
shutdown of plants or result in damage of devices. By using of electronic tap-changer, most of
the voltage dips can be avoided and lead to good power quality and thus, result in good
operation of equipment. The prototype was built with triac switches as the switching devices
and A VR microcontroller as the control circuit. In this work a fully electronic tap changer
with four taps for 2 KV A, 220/1200V single phase transformer is designed and built. Also
some of problems that caused to limitation of electronic tap changer application at high power
and voltage system and technical solution ways for theses problems are described. The discrete
cycle modulation (DCM) has been used in this tap changer.

88.Improving the Effectiveness of Microcontroller Education

Abstract—

The increased power and functionality of modern microcontrollers provides both an

opportunity and a challenge to educators. Increased complexity, the necessity of integrating a
hands-on lab experience, and downward pressure on total curriculum hours demand a
significant investment of time to modernize microcontroller education, which few educators
can afford. However, a successful microcontrollers course provides a unique opportunity to
equip students to produce large, complex systems in their capstone design course. This paper
details the evolution of an approach which provides an integrated course and laboratory
experience for students. Results of these changes produced quantitative differences in the
resulting capstone design courses, validating the approach.
89.Microcontroller Based Neural Network Controlled Low Cost Autonomous
Vehicle
Abstract—
In this paper, design of a low cost autonomous vehicle based on neural network for
navigation in unknown environments is presented. The vehicle is equipped with four ultrasonic
sensors for hurdle distance measurement, a wheel encoder for measuring distance traveled, a
compass for heading information, a GPS receiver for goal position information, a GSM
modem for changing destination place on run time and a nonvolatile RAM for storing
waypoint data; all interfaced to a low cost AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller
processes the information acquired from the sensors and generates robot motion commands
accordingly through neural network. The neural network running inside the microcontroller is
a multilayer feed-forward network with back-propagation training algorithm. The network is
trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is implemented in
real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function. Results have
shown that upto twenty neurons can be implemented in hidden layer with this technique. The
vehicle is tested with varying destination places in outdoor environments containing stationary
as well as moving obstacles and is found to reach the set targets successfully.

90.The power stability of fpga-based microcontroller design and

Measurement
Abstract:

A FPGA-based microcontroller (J1C) is designed. The functional behavior of the FPGA-

based J'C is same as the microchip PIC 16F84A. The design as well as the power stability (PI)
measurement methods is described. The PI is averagely 20dbuV lower than the PIC
counterpart. Key words: FPGA, PIC, VHDL

91.A Power-assisted Exoskeleton Optimized for Pinching and Grasping

Motions
Abstract—
Over 450,000 Americans suffer from degenerative muscle diseases characterized by loss of
strength and dexterity in the human hand. An assistive hand exoskeleton was designed to
amplify residual muscle strength and restore functionality by assisting pinching and grasping
motions. The device featured three movable digits: thumb, index, and middle-ring-small
(MRS) digit. Adjustable straps wrapped around the exterior of the finger links and secured the
user’s fingers inside the device. A microcontroller processed force sensing resistor (FSR) data
and commanded articulating motors. The exoskeleton was lightweight, flexible, portable and
accessible to a wide range of user finger diameters.
92.A RGB-Driver for LED Display Panels

Abstract—

Red-Green-Blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes display panels are finding widespread use due
to recent advances in the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their driver technology. This paper
investigates a digital microcontroller based RGB-driver for application in display panels. The
RGB-driver uses three different voltage sources from switch-mode power converters (SMPCs)
as each RGB color requires different drive voltages. The proposed driver selects the minimum
drain voltage of the MOSFETs of the current controllers for each color and uses this voltage to
control the duty cycle of the SMPCs, and thus, maintains the minimum output voltages
required to keep the MOSFETs in the current controllers in regulation. With a 5-V supply
voltage, the efficiencies of the RGB LEDs are 91.5%, 95.7%, and 95.7%, respectively. Even
though the driver was experimentally verified in a 3 x 3 RGB pixels, the concept can be
extended to a larger display matrix.
93.A Self-powered Power Management Circuit for Energy Harvested by a
Piezoelectric Cantilever
Abstract-

This paper presents development of a self-powered power management circuit for energy
harvested by a piezoelectric cantilever. A full-wave rectifier followed by a buck-boost
converter running in the discontinuous conduction mode rectifies the AC output, matches the
source impedance, and generates a regulated DC output provided the input power is sufficient
to charge up the load. A low power microcontroller unit is used for the maximum power point
tracking and the output voltage regulation. Experimental results show that the circuit can
harvest up to 3.5 mW with a 50x31.8 mm2 piezoelectric cantilever under 0.5g (rms) base
acceleration. Detailed loss analysis is presented for efficiency enhancement in the future.
94.Application of Complementary Signals in Built-In Self Testers for Mixed-
Signal Embedded Electronic Systems

Abstract—

This paper concerns the implementation of shapedesigned complementary signals (CSs),

which were matched to the frequency characteristic of the circuit under test, in built-in self
testers (BISTs), dedicated to mixed-signal embedded electronic systems for testing their analog
sections. The essence of the proposed method and solution of CS BIST is low-cost realization
on the base of hardware and software resources of microcontrollers that were used in
contemporary embedded systems. This paper presents a description and a theoretical basis of
known bipolar CSs and unipolar CSs proposed by the authors, results of investigations of
metrological properties of CSs, and a solution of CS BIST and its experimental verification on
the examples of testing second- and fourth-order Butterworth filters
95.Application of Proteus Virtual System Modelling (VSM) inTeaching of
Microcontroller

Microcontrollers are widely applied in the field of industry to solve engineering control
problems. The increased use of microcontrollers makes microcontroller course necessary for
electricity related speciality. A new simulation software package for microcontroller,Proteus
virtual system modelling(VSM), is introduced for industrial and educational use.Proteus VSM
combines circuit simulation, animated components and microprocessor models to facilitate co-
simulation of complete microcontroller based designs.Proteus VSM makes it possible to
develop and test designs before a physical prototype is constructed.The functions and
advantages of Proteus VSM are introduced. The comparisons of Proteus VSM lab against
hardware lab are deeply discussed. Proteus VSM is uniquely suited to teaching students about
the design and operation of microcontroller-based systems
96.Design and application of an automatic packaging machine controller
based on ATmega 128

Abstract—

In this paper we investigate the major function units of an automatic F/F/S packaging
machine including bag forming, material filling, sealing temperature control, status display,
fault detection and alarm etc. ATmega18 microcontroller is used as the central manager to
coordinate the individual control function modules. AC motor is used to fulfill the film
drawing in both fixed length mode and colour tag tracing mode. Under the same precision
control, it costs much less than using servo or stepper motor. This controller has the advantage
of easy installation and maintenance compare to the normal implementation with a complex
interface circuit

97.Design and Application of Mobile Embedded Systems for Home Care

Applications

Abstract—

Applied biotelemetry is of growing importance in today's world. Specificity of biotelemetric

data put special requirements on real biotelemetric system. This article describes some of
conclusions acquired in development of real biotelemetric system using off the shelf embedded
hardware technology, namely ARM microcontrollers, FRAM memory and dedicated ZigBee
chipsets. Described biotelemetric system is partitioned into logical parts that communicate
using custom data protocols. Devices participating in biotelemetric system use ZigBee and
Ethernet networks as underlying structure for data communication.
98.Design And Implementation Of An Interactive Real Time Music Coach

Abstract:

This paper reports the implementation of a transducer that converts sound waves into digital
audio waves. This device can allow a user to visualize digitally the sound that they are emitting
from a certain wind instrument as they play a certain melody. For this report, bamboo pipes
were utilized. Permitting the user to visualize digitally their wind based music, will aid
designers and developers of
music couches, because it opens a door for a new range of music couches focused on wind
based instruments. It will allow for wind based instruments to participate in a new type of
musical interaction that had before not yet been reached. The system is also capable of
reproducing in an eolic form any digital music signal that is given to it. Recordings from nature
were made and digitalized and feed to the system, the system was capable of reproducing the
sound of waves, and thus also permitting for another novice musical interaction

99.Design and realization of low cost discrete psd controller for power
Electronics a pplications

Abstract—

Most systems are controlling by common PID controllers. These PID controllers are available
in variety possibilities. They are divided by types of controlling systems, by speed of action
interference, by complexity, by robustness etc. Most of industrial controllers are very
expensive and except of some basic setting they are not offering any other way, how to involve
into controlling process. On the other side, developing new analog controller to control simple
systems is not reasonable in financial or time issue. That’s why we decided to build simple,
discrete controller and implement its algorithm into single chip eight bit microcontroller
(MCU). This discrete controller – PSD – is characteristic its simplicity and variability. It can
control plenty of less complicated systems by a mere change of its characteristic parameters.
Thanks to modern approach is possible to create a full - featured controller including power
action element on an area equal to 7cm2.
100.Microcontroller Based Neural Network Controlled Low Cost
Autonomous Vehicle

Abstract—

In this paper, design of a low cost autonomous vehicle based on neural network for
navigation in unknown environments is presented. The vehicle is equipped with four ultrasonic
sensors for hurdle distance measurement, a wheel encoder for measuring distance traveled, a
compass for heading information, a GPS receiver for goal position information, a GSM
modem for changing destination place on run time and a nonvolatile RAM for storing
waypoint data; all interfaced to a low cost AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller
processes the information acquired from the sensors and generates robot motion commands
accordingly through neural network. The neural network running inside the microcontroller is
a multilayer feed-forward network with back-propagation training algorithm. The network is
trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is implemented in
real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function. Results have
shown that upto twenty neurons can be implemented in hidden layer with this technique. The
vehicle is tested with varying destination places in outdoor environments containing stationary
as well as moving obstacles and is found to reach the set targets successfully.

101.Microcontroller Controlled ECG Simulator

Abstract:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a signal designed to work as result of contraction of the heart

muscle that make up the electrical biopotentials, using body surface electrodes obtained by
obtaining are marked. The result of the heart losing healthy working conditions, disturbances
on frequency and amplitude of ECG signals recorded by electrocardiograph according to the
healty ECG signal, occurs. The study performed, is a work to help educational problem in the
fields of Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Education, and calibration of ECG
devices without a real heart. In this study, heart rhythm disorders under the supervision of the
microcontroller designed a system that may occur due to be displayed in a virtual environment
analysis of all disease has been made with prepared simulator (virtual reality application) to
reduce medical errors and the spending time and costing at the same time provide more
effectively healty service with well-trained physicians
102.Simple Discrete Controller with PWM Power Output

Abstract—

One of problems of the most common used industrial controllers is in their very expensive
price. Moreover, they not offer any other features except some basic ones, how to affect
controlling process (e.g. settings of PWM (Pulse Wide odulation) switching frequency). On
the other side, developing of a new analog controller to control a simple system is not
reasonable due to financial or time issues. That is the reason why we decided to build a simple,
discrete controller and implement its algorithm into a single chip, eight bit microcontroller unit
(MCU). Such a discrete PSD controller is characteristic for its simplicity and variability. It can
control a plenty of less complicated systems by a simple change of its characteristic
parameters. Thanks to modern approach it is possible to create a full-featured controller
including power action element on a tiny area equal to 7cm2.

103.A Low-cost Real-time Closed-loop Epileptic Seizure Monitor and

Controller

Abstract—

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, which sometimes cannot be successfully treated. We

propose a real-time closed-loop monitoring and controlling device for epileptic seizure
detection and suppression. This wireless-networked embedded device includes signal
conditioning circuitry, a stimulator, and a microcontroller with a wireless transceiver. A TI
CC2430 receives the conditioned EEG signals and performs feature extraction on them to
determine if a seizure has happened. The ZigBee-based wireless transceiver transmits the EEG
data to the backend computer for future off-line study. If a seizure is detected after the real-
time computation, an enabling signal is sent to the stimulator to generate stimulating pulses to
suppress the seizure. The feature extraction is implemented using entropy and spectrum
analysis, followed by an LLS classifier. A fast seizure detection response time of around 0.6 s
and a seizure detection algorithm accuracy of above 95%, when applied to a standard dataset,
were achieved with the proposed portable embedded device.
104.A New Distributed Localization Algorithm for ZigBee Wireless
Networks

Abstract:
Node localization becomes an exciting research area for recently large emergence of ZigBee
based wireless applications, where received signal strength indication is adopted as a coarse
but simple method on range measurement. Compared with the centralized approach,
distributed algorithm that nodes locally calculate their own position coordinates can
significantly reduce location-related network traffic; however, this is an intensive process.
Unlike commercial digitalhardware- block based method used in CC2431, we propose a novel
distributed algorithm that can be implemented based on common 8-bit MCU. In this algorithm,
instead of ‘log-normal’, ‘piecewise linear’ path loss model was established, which let only
linear operation when estimating range from RSSI. Besides, min-max method, other than
maximum likelihood estimation method, was used to simplify coordinate calculation.
Furthermore, ZigBee compatible sensor node modules were developed to carry out the contrast
experiments, and results demonstrate the new method has close or even better precision
compared with basic algorithm, but with lower cost.

105.A Node Localization Scheme for Zigbee-based Sensor Networks

Abstract—

The localization problem consists in estimating the position of the nodes within the network.
This is a crucial issue for location-dependant applications. This paper presents an
implementation of a localization scheme based only on the received signal strength (SS) in a
Zigbee-based sensor network. This is done by taking advantage of the inherent radio
communication capability present in each node. The algorithm is intended for an outdoor
environment. It is based in a model, which infers distance between neighboring nodes using
the SS. A coordinate system is then derived employing a multidimensional scaling (MDS)
technique. The signal power level variability due to ground reflection is approached using
Lloyd Effect (from optics) and incorporated in the model
106.A novel zigbee based high speed ad hoc Communication network
Abstract
Considering that ordinary ZigBee based systems operate at a rate of 250kbps, which
imposes various limitations on their applications, and that there are 16 independent channels at
2.4GHz, this paper presents a novel approach of FPGA controlled, ZigBee protocol based
multi-frequency high speed wireless Ad Hoc network. The system employed five individual
ZigBee modules around a FPGA controller, merging five sub-networks into a system with
higher throughput, thus reaching a maximum one-way data rate of 1Mbps, which can be
dynamically assigned to up-link and down-link. This system can maintain the Ad-Hoc feature
of ZigBee technology, and at the same time sustain a higher capacity. This approach may
expend the application of ZigBee technology to areas in demand of higher data transmission
rates
107.A Security Analysis for Wireless Sensor Mesh Networks in Highly
Critical Systems

Abstract—
Nowadays, critical control systems are a fundamental component contributing to the
overall performance of critical infrastructures in our society, most of which belong to the
industrial sector. These complex systems include in their design different types of information
and communication technology systems, such as wireless (mesh) sensor networks, to carry out
control processes in real time. This fact has meant that several communication standards, such
as Zigbee PRO, Wireless HART, and ISA100.11a, have been specified to ensure coexistence,
reliability, and security in their communications. The main purpose of this paper has been to
review these three standards and analyze their security. We have identified a set of threats and
potential attacks in their routing protocols, and we consequently provide recommendations and
countermeasures to help Industry protect its infrastructures

108.A Smart ZIGBEE Based Wireless Sensor Meter System

Abstract—

A temperature, humidity and light meter has been designed and implemented using open
standards technology and commercial components in order to monitor environmental indoor
and outdoor conditions. At the heart of the smart meter lies a microprocessor processor using
the ZigBee protocol to communicate the data transmitted by commercial wireless sensors. A
prototype has been built and preliminary measurements have been taken. The potential of this
configuration is being discussed
109.A Surveillance Robot with Hopping Capabilities for Home Security
Abstract —

Most traditional home robots have always had problems with stairs, doorsills and other
obstacles that humans cross with ease in cluttered indoor environments. This paper presents the
development and characterization of a surveillance robot with hopping capabilities for home
security. The proposed robot, which is 9cm in height and 250g in weight, can leap over
obstacles more than 4 times its own size. It depends on the elastic elements in a six-bar linkage
leg system to enable hopping locomotion. It can also roll freely on flat floors and change its
directions by the two-wheeled differential drive system. It adopts the ZigBee protocol for
wireless communication and therefore can be added to a ZigBee-based home control network
as a mobile video sensor node. Experimental results verify that theprototype robot is a
powerful home security device that can patrol in cluttered home environments with ease1
110.A Telecommunications Framework for Real-Time Monitoring of
Dangerous Goods Transport
Abstract—
Monitoring and tracking of eets can represent a great improvement in security and safety
when transporting hazardous goods by road. In this paper we propose a complete monitoring
and tracking solution for truck eets, which is able to check at the same time the position and
the mechanical status of the vehicle, as well as the conditions in the cargo bay. The system
exploits battery-powered environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, pressure, gas
concentration and ionizing radiation levels), connected by a ZigBee-based Wireless Sensor
Network. This approach guarantees exibility, ease of deployment and low power
consumption. Collected data is then sent from the vehicle to a remote server via a GPRS link.
The GPS positioning system is integrated by the use of an Inertial Navigation System, which
guarantees a precise estimate of the position also when the GPS signal is weak or temporarily
lost. The proposed solution has been deployed in a real environment, and some performance
evaluation tests have been carried out.
111.A Vehicular Wireless Sensor Network for CO2 Monitoring
Abstract—

Micro-climate monitoring usually requires deploying a large number of measurement tools.

By adopting vehicular wireless sensor networks (VSNs), we can use fewer tools to achieve
fine-grained monitoring. This work proposes a VSN architecture to realize micro-climate
monitoring based on GSM short messages and availability of GPS receivers on vehicles. We
demonstrate our prototype of a ZigBee-based car network to monitor the concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in areas of interest. The reported data are sent to a server, which is
integrated with Google Maps as our user interface. Since mobility of these vehicles is not
controllable and sending short messages incurs charges, we also design an on-demand
approach to adjust vehicles’ reporting rates to balance between the micro-climate accuracy and
the communication cost.

112.A Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network for Sewerage Monitoring

Abstract —

Blockages in sewers are major causes of both sewer flooding and pollution. Water companies
which fail to tackle this problem face hefty fines and high operational costs if they
unsuccessful to provide a practical solution to prevent flooding. As a result, the detection of
sewer condition is routinely required to inform on the best course of action to eliminate this
critical problem. This paper presents a novel low cost wireless sensor technology to detect
blockages proactively, and feed these event data back to a central control room. The practical
deployment of the proposed WSN in an urban area will be demonstrated. In addition, the
challenges of this technology in a field trial and the recorded data in terms of the sensor and
communication reliability will be addressed
113.A ZigBee-Based Home Automation System

Abstract —
In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of network enabled
digital technology. This technology offers new and exciting opportunities to increase the
connectivity of devices within the home for the purpose of home automation. Moreover, with
the rapid expansion of the Internet, there is the added potential for the remote control and
monitoring of such network enabled devices. However, the adoption of home automation
systems has been slow. This paper identifies the reasons for this slow adoption and evaluates
the potential of ZigBee for addressing these problems through the design and implementation
of a flexible home automation architecture. A ZigBee based home automation system and Wi-
Fi network are integrated through a common home gateway. The home gateway provides
network interoperability, a simple and flexible user interface, and remote access to the system.
A dedicated virtual home is implemented to cater for the system’s security and safety needs.
To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, four devices, a light
switch, radiator valve, safety sensor and ZigBee remote control have been developed and
evaluated with the home automation system.

114.Alkali solution concentration monitoring system for cotton goods

mercerizing Based on ZigBee
Abstract-

Aiming at the real time monitoring requirement of alkali solution concentration in cotton
goods mercerizing, a ZigBee-based monitoring system is proposed for alkali solution
concentration. its application of electrochemical theory, ZigBee wireless networks and sensor
technology. supply a network structure of monitoring system. monitoring system node
controller of data acquisition, data transmission and control node, which is TI's CC2430 based
on ZigBee technology. sensors of alkali solution concentration use electrochemical, designed
circuit diagram of sensor node and system master control node, CC2430 as a data processing
chip. through the analysis of data transmission of system, simplifying the ZigBee protocol
stack, designed data transmission protocols and communication formats of the system. given
program flow chart of sensors nodes and main node. Finally the operational results
demonstrate: System performance parameters are better than the wired monitoring system,
especially in realtime systems and anti-jamming, it so superior on the current forms of alkali
solution cable system, which cost lower than the cable system about 30%, measurement
accuracy of Alkali concentration less than 0.6%.
115.Application and Evaluation of High Power Zigbee Based Wireless
Sensor Network in Water Irrigation Control Monitoring System
Abstract—

The application of wireless sensor network (WSN) for a water irrigation control monitoring is
composed of a number of sensor nodes with a networking capability that can be deployed for
an ad hoc and continuous monitoring purpose. The parameters involved in the water
reservation control such as the water level and motor movement of the gate controlling the
flow of water will be measured in the real time by the sensors that send the data to the base
station or control/monitoring room. This paper proposes how such monitoring system can be
setup emphasizing on the aspects of low cost, easy ad hoc installation and easy handling and
maintenance. The use of wireless system for monitoring purpose will not only reduce the
overall monitoring system cost in term of labor cost, but will also provide a flexibility in term
of distance or location. In this paper, the fundamental design and implementation of WSN
featuring a Zigbee Technology together with the IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver and the
simple water flow control circuit is proposed. The developed platform is cost-effective and
allows easy customization. Several preliminary results of measurement to evaluate the
reliability and effectiveness of the system are also presented

116.Combined Scheduling of Ultrasound And GPS Signals in A Wearable

ZigBee-Based Guidance System for The Blind

Abstract—

We have designed and implemented a wearable ZigBee-based guidance system in which a

main controller collects ultrasound and GPS signals from sensors attached to subcontrollers
and provides appropriate directions to a blind person. The signals from the different sources
need to be handled separately, which reduces the effective sampling rate, and may impact the
quality of the guidance provided. To address this, we propose a new scheduling scheme that
interleaves the two signals without collision, based on the on-line estimation of signal handling
times. Experimental results show that this scheme increases a sampling rate by up to 71%
compared with the simple scheme1.
117.Communication Timing Control and Topology Reconfiguration of a Sink-
Free Meshed Sensor Network With Mobile Robots

Abstract—
This paper deals with a unified system of fully distributed meshed sensor network and
mobile robot cooperation that serves as a sink node. The meshed sensor network in this paper
is composed of static wireless nodes, and is capable of fully distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) ad
hoc communication with ZigBeebased protocol. A novel communication timing control
employing coupled-oscillator dynamics, named phase-diffusion time-division method (PDTD),
has been proposed so far, aiming at realization of an ad hoc collision-free wireless
communication network. In this paper, we extend the basic PDTD so that it can exhibit flexible
topological reconfiguration according to the moving sink node (robot). Unlike conventional
sensor network, no static sink node is supposed inside the network; however, a mobile robot
will function as a sink node and access the mesh network from an arbitrary position. A large-
scale experiment was conducted, and its results showthat satisfactory collaboration between
the mesh sensor network and the mobile robot is achieved, and the proposed system
outperformed
the carrier-sense-multiple-access-based sensor system
118.Design and Implementation of the Zigbee-based body sensor network
system

Abstract—

Tranditionally the medical monitoring used in hospital brought a lot inconvenience because
of the complex wires between patients and equipments. In order to solve these problems, a
human health wireless monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communications is
proposed. The system proposes multiple wireless physiological sensors to form a expandable
wireless sensor network system architecture. Then the structure of the system used in wireless
sensor nodes is introduced and the purpose is to collect the patients’ physiological information,
such as pulse, temperature, basically realize remote medical monitoring for patients. This
system can not only realize accurate measurement of indicators, but also save the patients’
travel between home and the hospital.
119.Design and Implementation of ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for
Remote SpO2 Monitor

Abstract—
A wireless sensor network which consists of SpO2 sensor devices, a router, and Personal
Area Network (PAN) coordinators was proposed in this paper. These devices of the network
are all developed on ZigBee module which consists of a MCU (MSP430F1611) and a ZigBee
chip (CC2320). The sensor devices measure the SpO2 data from patients and transmit it to the
router. The router schedule a sending time for each associated device and use hierarchical
routing to forward data to a specific device. The PAN coordinator extracts the received
packages and passes them to the personal computer. A web-based management method is used
to manage the physiological signals which can be displayed on the web page. The system can
collect sensitive health information remotely and has a good applied prospect in remote healthy
hare field.

120.Development of a Smart Power Meter for AMI Based on ZigBee

Communication

Abstract:

Many governments deploy ubiquitous IT project, which aims to combine the latest wireless
network and wide-band technologies etc. to accomplish a ubiquitous wireless communication
network. The ubiquitous wireless communication network can be utilized for the Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Therefore, this paper tries to use the new wireless
communication technologies to design and implement a ZigBee-based smart power meter. An
outage recording system is also designed and embedded into the smart meter. The
microcontroller of Microchip dsPIC30F series is used to develop the proposed smart power
meter. A ZigBee system is then deigned and integrated into the proposed power meter, and
used to transmit the detailed power consumption data and outage event data to rear-end
processing system. The proposed smart power meter cannot only be used for power
consumption data collection but also for outage event data recording. The proposed system has
great potential to be used to build the area-based AMI. Experimental results demonstrate the
validity of the proposed system. Besides, the application of ZigBee communication in power
area may, expectedly, lead to make a definite contribution to ubiquitous IT project
121.Full-wave-based location system method evaluation

Abstract —

Evaluation of received signal strength (RSS)- based indoor location system is presented.
The proposed method starts from the field amplitude decay law in free-space conditions, but
also taking into account the near-field terms for those cases where the distance between
transmitter and receiver does not meet far-field conditions. The proposed method is tested in a
real indoor scenario, being the field level measured at different positions. The recorded field
data are used to evaluate the method accuracy when determining the position of the RF
transmitter. Practical considerations of a location system implementation using a ZigBee-based
sensor network are finally discussed

122..Model based performance estimation in ZigBee based wireless sensor networks

Within the main research in the area of the wireless sensor networks (WSN's) performance
values like throughput, energy consumption, network load, treatment time or memory usage
become an important role. The early analysis of these values allows conclusions with regard to
the realizability of the radio technology in relation to possible application areas. ZigBee as the
best known representative of the WSN technologies is focused in this paper. Parts of the
ZigBee specification are transformed in an abstract executable model. Using this model
performance analyses can be done. As a technical platform or validation against model results
ZEBRA2411-SM-modules are used for a series of field measurements.