Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Networking Fundamentals
Networking Fundamentals
1 – Introduction to PC Networking
2 – Types of Networks
3 – Adding a Network Interface Card (NIC)
4 – Physical Components of a Network
5 – LAN Architectures
6 – Networking Protocols and the OSI Model
7 – TCP/IP Utilities
8 – Connecting to the Internet
Introduction to PC Networking
Defining a Computer Network
• A network consists of
many overlapping
systems, such as cabling,
addressing schemes, or
applications.
• The layers work together
to transmit and receive
data.
• The Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI)
reference model, was
created to define these
multiple layers.
File, Print, and Application Services
• The Internet is a
worldwide public network
of networks,
interconnecting thousands
of smaller networks to
form one large “web” of
communication.
• The Internet functions like
a highway to facilitate
exchange between
geographically separated
users, organizations, and
branches of companies.
The Internet
• In a peer-to-peer network,
the networked computers
act as equal partners, or
peers, to each other.
• In a client/server network
arrangement, network
services are located in a
dedicated computer whose
only function is to respond to
the requests of clients.
• In a packet-switched
network, each individual
packet of data can take a
different route and no
dedicated pathway or circuit
is established.
Adding a Network Interface Card (NIC)
What is a NIC?
• Fiber-optic cable is a
networking medium capable
of conducting modulated
light transmissions.
• Fiber-optic refers to cabling
that has a core of strands of
glass or plastic (instead of
copper), through which light
pulses carry signals.
• Signals that represent data
are converted into beams of
light.
Networking Media
• 100BASE-X comes in
several different varieties.
• It can be implemented over
4-pair Category 3, 4, or 5
UTP (100BASE-T).
• It can also be implemented
over 4-pair Category 5 UTP
or Shielded Twisted Pair
(STP) (100BASE-TX), or as
Ethernet over 2-strand fiber-
optic cable (100BASE-FX).
Ethernet
• Protocol is a controlled
sequence of messages that
is exchanged between two
or more systems to
accomplish a given task.
• Protocol specifications
define this sequence
together with the format or
layout of the messages that
are exchanged.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• AppleTalk is comprised of
a e set of protocols that
span the seven layers of
the OSI reference model.
• AppleTalk protocols were
designed to run over the
major LAN types, notably
Ethernet and Token Ring,
and also Apple's own
LAN physical topology,
LocalTalk.
TCP/IP Utilities
Overview
• TCP/IP is a complex
collection of protocols.
• Most vendors implement
the suite to include a variety
of utilities for viewing
configuration information
and troubleshooting
problems.
Ping
• TCP/IP configuration
information can be
displayed using different
utilities
• Ipconfig – Windows NT
and Windows 2000
(command-line)
• Winipcfg –- Windows 95,
98, and ME (graphical
interface)
• Ifconfig – UNIX and Linux
(command-line
Tracert, iptrace, and traceroute
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
• Synchronous serial
transmission – Data bits are
sent together with a
synchronizing clock pulse. Built-
in timing mechanism
coordinates the clocks of the
sending and receiving devices.
• Asynchronous serial
transmission – Data bits are
sent without a synchronizing
clock pulse. Uses a start bit at
the beginning of each message.
When the receiving device gets
the start bit, it can synchronize
its internal clock with the sender
clock.
Modems
• When it comes to
comparing cable modem
and DSL Internet
technologies, both have
their pros and cons.
ISDN
• Microsoft Certifications
• Cisco Certifications
Microsoft Certifications