4-3

4.3 This problem calls for the computation of the activation energy for vacancy formation in silver. Upon
examination of Equation 4.1, all parameters besides Qv are given except N, the total number of atomic sites.
However, N is related to the density, (ρ), Avogadro's number (NA), and the atomic weight (A) according to

Equation 4.2 as

N A ρ Pb
N =
APb

(6.023 × 10 23 atoms / mol)(9.5 g /cm3)

=
107.9 g / mol

= 5.30 x 1022 atoms/cm3 = 5.30 x 1028 atoms/m3

Now, taking natural logarithms of both sides of Equation 4.1,

Q
ln N v = ln N − v
kT

and, after some algebraic manipulation

⎛N ⎞
Qv = − kT ln ⎜ v ⎟
⎝ N ⎠

⎡ 3.60 × 10 23 m−3 ⎤
= − (8.62 × 10-5 eV/atom - K) (800°C + 273 K) ln ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 5.30 × 10 28 m−3 ⎥⎦

= 1.10 eV/atom

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