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Industrial Wastewater Treatment

- Food Processing Wastewater-

Committee Members
Chairman; Dr. M. Sugahara, Professor, Osaka Sangyo Univ. Members; Dr. H. Tsuno, Professor, Kyoto Univ. Dr. A. Hogetsu, Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co., Ltd Mr. Y. Ogino, (P.E.' Environment Technologies L.P.C. Mr. T. Takemika, (P.E.' EMATEC Kansai

Contents
1. Environment Control & Measures for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
2. Considering Aspects on Wastewater Treatment Plant Design

3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

4. Examples of 9 Practical wastewater Treatment Plants

Ori gi nal sou rces: Tee hnology Transfer Ma nual of Ind ustri al Wastewater Treatme nt, Ma rc h, 2003, OECC

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History

1. Environmental Control

& Measures for

Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Industrial Pollution

1 140lS Industrial rehabilitation f45 .......55 } 150ls Fisheries damages by paper mills w.w. C5B} 160ls Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control f67} 170ls Water Pollution Control Law (170)

Water Quality Conserv. Law + Control of Effluent Emission from Factory Law f59}

Inauguration of the Environmental Agency (~71) Areawide Total Pollution Load Control Law f7B}

Living Environment

IBOIS Law' Special Measures for Conserv. Of Lake Water Quality CB4} 1901s Practical Environmental Assessment started (192) Basic Environment Law C93} Environmental Assessment Law C99} 100lS 5th Total Effluent Control System f02}- - -COD + NI P

Global Environment

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1.Environmental Control & Measures for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

ltIasures for ~

QueNly

C_

(1113)

Laws
Envi ron mental Quality Standards

Protecting Human Health ·26 items

Heavy Metals, Toxic Sub. Solvents, Agriculture chern. Nitroge n· · · · · · · ·

Preserving Living Standards ·9 items

pH, BOD, SS, DO, Oil, T-N, T-P·····

· Nationwide Effluent Standards ·27 items

ditto + Org. P

· Lake, Pond, Coast ·15 items

cu cr. F·····
· Nationwide

ditto + phenols,

· Nationwide

1. Environmental Control

& Measures

for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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for Weier QaaIiIv ~fIoG

Was~r

treatment

(213)

'-0:::::--------,

- Polluti on Control System -Improvement - Record _ Ed ucati 0 n -Ac c 0 untab iIity

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(mJ Environmental Assessment Sntem

fOr ~1Ifm
- Survey - Predict - Assessment

1. Environmental Control & Measures for Industria I Wastewater

wa_Qudtv

Post Facto Assessment

+
Screening
L.::::----- -fIiII'

•
• •

- Large - Scale pecifie d

..• ••• •

...

.-

Environmental Impact Statement

Environment Impact Evaluation Method Report

Scoping -Investigation items - Inve stigation method s - Evaluation procedures

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2. Considering Aspects on W.W. Treatment

Plant Design

(1) Cleaner Production

End of Pipe Production Cleaner Production
• Process Improvement 58 % • Black Liquor Recovery 26
%

! !

Advantages
• Production Cost reduction • Energy saving • Resources Saving • Waste Reduction

Paper & Cardboard

2,680
(1989)

1,300

lunit: mi Ilion ton / yea~

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2. Considering Aspects on W.W. Treatment Plant Design

(2) Selection of Treatment Process

_ u.."ii -+--_+------1r 0
1-

.~ _ GJ tal
.,cu
_r

'ii

1~
1'-......

Flocculation

Sand F_
Settling

Settling Roatation

";: m
~

-~ 19:
a..
GJ
C

1)3 ll---+---_-++--_----..r-----L...------II---_

+--+-~==I=~---+--_tt_--+-__+--+_--

BID

Centrifuge

A~~

1--+-----+-----+11

Prec:ious F_ 1-----+---UF

tal
"-

.CI

ED~ []

-=

E GJ

DO
WatE~r

~-~l-~--~'~ V. Emulsion 'AS Sludge

, 1n.JS

+
100

---++--Bacteria

..

1Jl

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(1) Screening: Remove Floating Material
Drive

_"'1.-_'
_I

-,

Bar Screen Inlet

+9

~~~_~zzz:tF
1

Outlet

..

Inflow

40~60 deg.
Drive

Grid Effective Spacing +Coarse Screen: > 5Dmm +Normal Screen 1~5D mm +Fine Screen < 15 mm

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(2) Separation of settling & floating particles

Stokes'Law Vr=(g/18 J1 )(Pw_PO)02

L

g: Gravity ,m/s2 Pw: Water denSity, kg I mJ Po: Oil denSity, kg I mJ D: ~ I particle, m IL : Viscosity coefficient

Inlet>

outlet>

L=(VH I Vr) d

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(3) Sedimentation: Removing 55
cum Scraper Effluent
Scum ludge Collector

Rectangle
Drive
Scum Trough

Circular
!." .,.__ Chain

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(4) Floatation: Removing 55 & Oil

Dissolved _.ir Floatation

Influent
...,.,.. Retention tan ~~ ____

Scraper

~1IOIIZlI""
Recycle

Sludge

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Why?

3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(5) Coagulation: Enlargement of Particle

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(6) Aerobic Biological process (1/2)
NP ... .. . .. ~ .... .,... .. .
...

Sludge

Process Parameter • • • • • Temp : 5~40°C pH: ~ 7~ DO: >0.2~ BOD:N:P=100:5:1 BOD IMLSS 10 = 0.02-0.4

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(6) Aerobic Biological Process (212)
Process
C Conventional Activated Sludge

Aerators

CJ Modified: Extended Aeration, Lagoon- -CJ Biofilm: Floating Media, Rotating Contactor CJ Hybrid: Membrane

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(7) Anaerobic Biological Process (1/2)
Fuel O.35Nm3I kg TOO

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(7) Anaerobic Biological Process
UASB
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

(212)

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(8) Advanced Treatment - BOD. COD. SS
Advanced Tre atm ent {m gIL}

Secondary Treatment {mglL} AS+UF

.~ •••• I

1-----------1

UF

BOD <2 SS <2 BOD <5

B i0 Me d ia

.... • • • ... ......;.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.::~"' . ..

• ••
-----t

...... 1--.-.-. ..-.

•

._..
• • ...

•I

SS <10

••••

~'+.~~~ ag u Iati 0~ 0
+ ••••••••••••••••• ~

Sand F.

AC Abs.

COD <5

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies (8) Advanced Treatment - N Removal

Den itrifi c ati 0 n

N02 - + 3(H2) ---7N2 T + 2H20 + 20H2N03- + 5(H2) ---7N2 T + 4H20 + 20HWastewater :

...•
/ //
/,

.... •
II

• •
.,....-

Treate ... Water

Oxidation Nit rifie at ion

Denitrification

·H~Settling/ V

-Temp

-pH
- Microorganism- - - holding

- Microorganism - - - holding

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(8) Advanced Treatment - P Removal

Treated Water

,.
•
.I!I-.-.-

• • • • • • • • •

111'·-

•
•

_
rro.-

Excess Sludge

r:"
I V

-.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•

..... ~

Coa ulants
. aluminum sulfate . iron chi ori de . iron sulfate

-=P=--_

-=O-=-i I"--u I---e .t===.-, Co a g u Iat ion s-s---:o =--b: (anaerobic) settling
• • • •

• ••••••••••

............

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(9) Reusing Treated Water

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(10) Dehydration - Dehydrators

Centrifuge Belt Press

'*

Filter press Screw press Vacuum filter

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(11) DryinfL Incineration, Composting

.... 1
•

.... ........... .........

...

.............
I11III ....

.......

.... ··· .. ·.11 .... ..........

...

•...

• III
III

7~80°C
1ro.......3month

~
~~~~

7DDOC ..
~
------

..•

1 ••

•••

.. • .. ••

~.

... ._ .. .. ... ..
I

....

....~

..

"

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3. Wastewater Treatment Technologies

(12) Sludge Reduction Process

Solubilizing

reactor
ozone
Return Sludge

....

......

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (1) B.everage -Colm

•
Lagoon 20,000 m3

Q=4,OOOm3/d 80D=400 mg/L (daily av.) pH=5.8"-'11 55=50"-'70 mg/L

Sludge return

It

4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (2) ~ Seer {tJ3J

@~~~-

De sufurizer

Dewatered

cake

WN:

Wa stew ate r we e kly ave ra 9 e

I

It

4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (2) ~ Seer Ql3J

-~~g

Cost comparison - Anaerobic vs. Aerobic

Item Power Steam 450;0NaOH Coagulants Desulfer
Sludge disp.

Price ¥ 18/kWh 3/kg 40/kg 1,400/kg 170/kg 10,000/m3 28,000/kL Total Economics

Anaerobic Cons./d 3,200kWh 12,000kg 1,600kg 4kg 4.2kg 1.5m3 2kL

+ DAF
¥/d 57,600 36,000 64,000 5,600 714 15,000 '&56,000 122,914

Aerobic process Cons./d ¥/d 6,800kWh 122,400

15kg 6m3

21,000

60,000 203,400

CH4

+ ¥ 804861 d
CH4: converted to A-heavy oil

DAF: dissolved Air Floatation unit,

4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment

•••

(2) BrewerIes -

Beel"

am

Centrifuge

dehydrator

It

4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (2) ~ Sake (1m

@~~~~

• •

••••

Livestock feed Settling tank

•

Rice washin wastewater

AC filter

Sand filter
•

•................. t
•••

Coagulationsettlin Dewatered cake

Q 250 m3/d (120) BOD 750 mg/L (4,000) SS 120mg/L (5,000)

{} ; ric e-wash wastewater

Dehydrator Chlorination tank

BOD <20 mg/L SS <30mg/L

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (2) ~ SMa QI2J

-gg-

Purification of rice-washing wastewater by coagulation

pH SS Img/LI BOD Img/LI

RawWW

6.6 6.8

717 <30

1,250 185

Effluent

Coagulants: alum; 1.000 NaOH; 365

Polymer; 10 (mg/L)

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~,---------,

4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment QJ 01 "Fat (1121

BOD <280 mall 55 <210 mall

Excess sludge

BOD 1.000 mgll 55 1.700 mall T-N 400 mall

BOD <10 mall 55 <20 mall T-N <80 mall

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (3) Oil & Fat (212)

Difference

3,36D kWh/d

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (4) ~~III & flail, Product (tJ2j

Aerobic digestion tank B I owe r n _ _ "'---_---, 1 9 mJ

,....--.....

I~I
~

Excess sludge

I:!

~~

,
t

CI2

Y~I-____..,~,,-;;;t-r-77-d"':""· :::it
Settling tank 120 mJ

BOD

< 20 mg/l ss < 20 mg/l

Effluent

Aeration tank 258 mJ

Chlorination tank

540 mJ/d 112hrsl BOD 200 mg/l

Equalization tank 190 m3

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (4) III & flail, Product QJ2J

Temporally measure: Coagulant

For Chronic bulking: ./Plug-flow ./Batch-wise operation ./Pre-treatment-Anaerobic

process

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (5) Wheat staKe" (tl2j

~--------,

Desulferizer Gas holder

,-____.,.II C]Dehydrator

a.

BOD <50mglL

Equalization Tank 600m] Q 500m]Id COD 18 OOOmglL BOD 11 OOOmglL

j j

COD Rem.

>

HX
Anaerobic Reactor 1.000m]

Aeration Tank 3 OOOm]

j

Settling Tank 120m]

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (5) Wheat staKe" CD

Anaerobic Process Performance (Monthlyav.'

1000 .----------------,

OOO~---------~ OOO~~~~~~-~--~ OOO~---------~ OOO~~~-~~-~~~~

1000

--+- WN TOC

(my U

---- Em. T OC (my CH4 m3!d Q (m3!d)

'----....!II

Anaerobic WW Volume °C in reacto rl Gas volume CH4 Conc. pH SS Aerobic

....----------,

o~~~~~~~~~~~
M
Se

MLSS pH °C in AT

Dec

DO

Advantages of Anaerobic Treatment

CH4 ~Fuel for Starch drying process Sludge bulking in activated sludge process ~ Disappeared Excess sludge generation ~Reduced to about 1/5

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (6) Potato starch(112)

Floating aerator 37 kW 5ettling tank 900 mJ

Lagoon 30,000 mJ

BOD loading ~Ave., 0.15 kg I mJ• d 0.05 kg I kg 55 . d

55 54""'188 Ave. 119 BOD 42""' 91 Ave. 68 Water tem . ~17 "C

55 17~3,730 Ave. 602 BOD 873""'2,230 Ave.1,440 Wate r temp. 7""'17 °c

Unit: mgll..

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (6) Potato starch(212)

of winter

Operation: End of summe~early

Problem at restart-up: filamentous bacteria bulking

!
)-Maintain sludge activi~ Intermittent wastewater feed )-Dispersing AS ~ coagulants feed )-New sludge seeding ~ from sewage treatment plant )-Control of sludge septicity~ minimum aeration

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment

(7) Takeout dishes (112)

Dipping tank

Pressure balin~ tank

Seasoning
tank

Stea mer

.....:,.1

R.efrigerator ~

Packer

Dipping tank

&

Pressure boiling tank

~~I

Packer

Fomenter

I ~ _I

Refrigerator

Egg
Essence

Mixing kneading

Others

Vacuum desecrator

R.efrigerator

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment

(1) Takeout dishes (112)

o e s u Ife rl ize r A__________._

Equalization tank Anaerobic reactor HX ~ Aerobic tank

-------OAF pH 5-----9
BOD <200 SS <200 ~----.,.:....,0 i I < 30
Me?.siJring

o 1, 050
pH

m3/d \.
4.3 \.

BOD 2,310 SS 550 Oil 110

\. Equalization ~" s_cr~ee ..... ta_nk ....... ..... noC+ _ .....

."
"

_Ii"
,
.01'-" :

· -· ·
. •

,,'

13 ~imidn"
1 1. '

Coag~ration
"
~.". .-: ••••

. ,1-

'1D))

pH

550

m3/d 6.3
760 130 50

_j

1&1) 100) 1400 1200 1((1)

&I)

r*
..
"

I~-

..:,-'-,_.
~

:
~

0 e hyd rato r
~~

zn -----

BOD SS Oil

...

, , , , , ,

Dewatersd sludge

0
OJ

00) 400 200 0

.
4

Unit: mg/L

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (8) Confectionaries (112)

Ca k:ination
furnace

Sizing & packing

.......

Washing water ---J> pneumatic washing Reducing 30% or total BOD

•
Mixer

Sealer

Steril izatio n Refrigerator

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4. Examples of Food Processing WW Treatment (8) Confectionaries (212)

Sludge T. Thickener

SeptiC' tanlr etnuent (domestiC' wastewater)

''''u ~"'-'--."'~ ~
Dewatered Mobile dehydrator
---+

10 -!iitlge plug-flow

A. T.

BOD

Sludge

<20%
N P no-feed

BOD

<

10 mg/L