IB Biology

DEDUCING GENOTYPES
 Deduce means to give reach a conclusion
from the information given
 Geneticists will carry out planned
experiments in which breeding pairs are
selected and the offspring phenotypes
counted.
 Instead geneticists have to collect
information form about individuals and
relatives within a family and construct
diagrams of inheritance called pedigrees.
PEDIGREE CHARTS
 A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the
occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a
particular gene or organism and its ancestors
from one generation to the next, most
commonly humans, show dogs, and race
horses.
 The word pedigree is a corruption of the French
"pied de grue" or crane's foot
 TEST CROSSES
 The test cross is another one of the fundamental
tools devised by Gregor Mendel.
 Test cross is the cross of an organism with an
unknown dominant genotype with an organism
that is homozygous recessive for that trait.
 The phenotypes of the offspring produced by a test
cross reveal the number of different gametes
formed by the parental genotype under test.
 When all of the gametes of an individual are
known, the genotype of that individual is also
known.
REFERENCES
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_chart
 http://ibbiology.wetpaint.com/page/Deduce+the+genotypes
+and+phenotypes+of+individuals+in+pedigree+charts.
 http://click4biology.info/c4b/4/gene4.3.htm#eleven
 http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~mcguire/toolbox-
demo/Testcross/test_cross.htm
 http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/jkousen/Biology/testcrss.htm
 http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/genetics/dihybrid-
crosses-and-mendels-law-of-independent-assortment/test-
cross.htm
 http://www.hns.org.uk/bio/index.php?option=com_content&
view=article&id=120&Itemid=81
 Ferid Brkovic IB