Extraction of Aluminium

Solution : molten cryolite

Electrode : graphite
Al2O3 (s)  2Al3+ (l) + 3O2-(l)

Cathode: Al3+ + 3 e− → Al
Anode: 2 O2− → O2 + 4 e−

Manufacture of chlorine
Solution : sodium chloride
Anode : graphite
Cathode : mercury
NaCl  Na++ (aq) + Cl-- ( aq)
Anodisation of Aluminium
Increase the thickness of the oxide
layer on the surface of metal parts.
Increases corrosion resistance and
wear resistance.
2Al + 3H22O → Al22O33 + 6H++ + 6e--

Cathode : Na++ (aq) + e--  Na(l) Cathode : 4OH-- (aq)  2H22O(l) + O22 (g)
+ 4e--
Anode : 2Cl-- ( aq)  Cl22 (g) +2e--
Anode : 2Al(s) + 3O22 (g)  2Al22O33 (s)

APPLICATION OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electroplating
Anode : the electroplating metal
Cathode : object to be electroplated Treatment of Effluent
Electrolyte containing the Effluents contains heavy metal ions
electroplating metallic ion. which when ingestwd will cause heavy
metal poisoning.
Electrolyte : CrCl33 (aq)  Cr3+(
3+(aq)
+
3Cl--(aq) During electrolysis,these ions are
reduced to solid metals and can be
eliminated the water.
Cathode : Cr3+
3+ (aq) + 3e--  Cr (s)

Anode : Cr(s)  Cr3+(

3+(aq)
+ 3e--

Purification of Copper
Solution : copper (II) sulphate (CUSO4).
Anode : impure copper
Cathode : pure copper

Cathode : Cu (s)  Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-

Anode : Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Cu (s)