1.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Knowledge gained by being personally involved in a situation

2. AUTHORITY A person with a special expertise influences others

3. PRAGMATISM Believes that the nature of the individual research problem should influence the methods used to

explore it

4. PARADIGM A way of looking at phenomena that guides an approach to inquiry

5. TRADITON Knowledge based on customs or past trends

6. DEDUCTIVE REASONING Reasoning from the general to the specific

7. INDUCTIVE REASONING Reasoning from the specific to the general

8. RESEARCH Systematic inquiry that uses orderly scientific methods to answer questions or solve problems

9. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH A subjective approach that explores life experiences and gives them meaning

10. POSITIVIST PARADIGM Uses ‘objective’ measures to evaluate research problems

11. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH An objective approach that studies phenomena that can be measured and quantified

12. ARCHIE COCHRANE Established the evidence based medicine movement in the 1970s

13. NURSING RESEARCH Conducted by nurses to generate knowledge that informs and develops the discipline and

practice of nursing

14. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE Making clinical decisions on a combination

15. DESCRIPTIVE QUESTION exploratory question

16. RELATIONAL investigate relationships bet two or more variables/consider the direction of the rel. bet variables

17. EXPLANATORY/PREDICTIVE explore cause and effect

18. HYPOTHESIS Predicting the outcome

19. CONTINUOUS VARIABLE Values are presented on a continuum/ can meaningfully take on values that are not

whole number eg. Wt. age

20. CATEGORICAL VARIABLE values are discrete categories eg. Race , marital status, eye color

21. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE categorical variable that have only two values eg. Gender, smoker, nonsmoker, alive/

dead, pregnant/non pregnant

22. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The variable considered to influence or cause the outcome or effect/ manipulated by

researcher

23. DEPENDENT VARIABLE The effect or the outcome that has been affected by the independent variable/ not

affected by researcher

24. EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE are not part of the study design but which might have an effect upon the dependent

variable